Role of Supplementations of Combined Vitamins with Minerals on Iodine Status in Pregnant Women in Bulgaria

Anna-Maria Borissovа; Ludmila Ivanova; Boyana Trifonova; Lilia Dakovska; Eugenia Mihailova; Mircho Vukov

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.13

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Role of Supplementations of Combined Vitamins with Minerals on Iodine Status in Pregnant Women in Bulgaria

Anna-Maria Borissovа, Ludmila Ivanova, Boyana Trifonova, Lilia Dakovska, Eugenia Mihailova, Mircho Vukov

Published in International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology (Volume 5, Issue 3)

Received: 10 September 2020 Accepted: 6 October 2020 Published: 13 October 2020

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Abstract

Underestimating the risk of iodine deficiency among the population and its impact on high risk groups such as pregnant women and children creates a serious problem for the health care system. The aim of the present study is to establish the current iodine status in pregnant women in Bulgaria and to clarify the importance of additional supplementation with combined vitamins and minerals (including iodine). Material: We included 537 non selected in advance pregnant women, avarage age 30.49±5 years (95% CI: 30.06 - 30.91), median – 30 (18-47) (95% CI: 30 - 31). More than 50% (271/537) of pregnant women took only vitamins with minerals or combined with other medications. Methods: After completing a personal Questionnaire, each pregnant woman followed the study protocol: sample for TSH and TPOAb (ECLIA method) morning urine to determine the iodine concentration by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); ultrasound examination to determine the volume of the thyroid gland. Results: The mean concentration of iodine in urine for the whole group of pregnant women (n-537) was 181.60±93.97 µg / L, median 170 µg / L (20^th percentile – 102 µg / L, 80^th percentile – 248 µg / L). According to the criterion “additional supplementation” three groups of pregnant women were formed – A (79, 14.71%) – not taking anything, B (271, 50.47%) – taking combined vitamins with minerals (including iodine), C (187, 34.82%) – taking medicines other than vitamins. The highest is the average level of iodine in urine in Group B – 191.08±95.42 µg / L and the lowest in Group A – 162.91±93.23 µg / L, P < 0.01. If combined vitamins with minerals (including iodine) are taken, it will be significantly less common to have low iodine in urine – Group B – 31.1% against Group A – 53.2%, P < 0.033 i.e. there is a greater chance to normalize the level of iodine in the body. The supplementation with combined vitamins with minerals (including iodine) increased the percentage of pregnant women with over-optimal iodine in urine (> 250 µg / L) – 23.3% against 15.6% of these not taking combined vitamins with minerals (P < 0.04). No association was found between iodine in urine and thyroid volume, nor with abnormalities in TSH or TPOAb levels. Conclusion: The additional intake of combined vitamins with minerals (including iodine) contributes to the normal level of iodine in urine in pregnant Bulgarian women.

Published in	International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology (Volume 5, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.13
Page(s)	47-53
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Supplementation, Iodine in Urine, TSH, TPOAb, Thyroid Volume

References

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Anna-Maria Borissovа, Ludmila Ivanova, Boyana Trifonova, Lilia Dakovska, Eugenia Mihailova, et al. (2020). Role of Supplementations of Combined Vitamins with Minerals on Iodine Status in Pregnant Women in Bulgaria. International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology, 5(3), 47-53. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.13

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ACS Style

Anna-Maria Borissovа; Ludmila Ivanova; Boyana Trifonova; Lilia Dakovska; Eugenia Mihailova, et al. Role of Supplementations of Combined Vitamins with Minerals on Iodine Status in Pregnant Women in Bulgaria. Int. J. Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020, 5(3), 47-53. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.13

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AMA Style

Anna-Maria Borissovа, Ludmila Ivanova, Boyana Trifonova, Lilia Dakovska, Eugenia Mihailova, et al. Role of Supplementations of Combined Vitamins with Minerals on Iodine Status in Pregnant Women in Bulgaria. Int J Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020;5(3):47-53. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.13,
  author = {Anna-Maria Borissovа and Ludmila Ivanova and Boyana Trifonova and Lilia Dakovska and Eugenia Mihailova and Mircho Vukov},
  title = {Role of Supplementations of Combined Vitamins with Minerals on Iodine Status in Pregnant Women in Bulgaria},
  journal = {International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {47-53},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijde.20200503.13},
  abstract = {Underestimating the risk of iodine deficiency among the population and its impact on high risk groups such as pregnant women and children creates a serious problem for the health care system. The aim of the present study is to establish the current iodine status in pregnant women in Bulgaria and to clarify the importance of additional supplementation with combined vitamins and minerals (including iodine). Material: We included 537 non selected in advance pregnant women, avarage age 30.49±5 years (95% CI: 30.06 - 30.91), median – 30 (18-47) (95% CI: 30 - 31). More than 50% (271/537) of pregnant women took only vitamins with minerals or combined with other medications. Methods: After completing a personal Questionnaire, each pregnant woman followed the study protocol: sample for TSH and TPOAb (ECLIA method) morning urine to determine the iodine concentration by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); ultrasound examination to determine the volume of the thyroid gland. Results: The mean concentration of iodine in urine for the whole group of pregnant women (n-537) was 181.60±93.97 µg / L, median 170 µg / L (20th percentile – 102 µg / L, 80th percentile – 248 µg / L). According to the criterion “additional supplementation” three groups of pregnant women were formed – A (79, 14.71%) – not taking anything, B (271, 50.47%) – taking combined vitamins with minerals (including iodine), C (187, 34.82%) – taking medicines other than vitamins. The highest is the average level of iodine in urine in Group B – 191.08±95.42 µg / L and the lowest in Group A – 162.91±93.23 µg / L, P  250 µg / L) – 23.3% against 15.6% of these not taking combined vitamins with minerals (P Conclusion: The additional intake of combined vitamins with minerals (including iodine) contributes to the normal level of iodine in urine in pregnant Bulgarian women.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Role of Supplementations of Combined Vitamins with Minerals on Iodine Status in Pregnant Women in Bulgaria
AU  - Anna-Maria Borissovа
AU  - Ludmila Ivanova
AU  - Boyana Trifonova
AU  - Lilia Dakovska
AU  - Eugenia Mihailova
AU  - Mircho Vukov
Y1  - 2020/10/13
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.13
T2  - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
JF  - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
JO  - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
SP  - 47
EP  - 53
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1371
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.13
AB  - Underestimating the risk of iodine deficiency among the population and its impact on high risk groups such as pregnant women and children creates a serious problem for the health care system. The aim of the present study is to establish the current iodine status in pregnant women in Bulgaria and to clarify the importance of additional supplementation with combined vitamins and minerals (including iodine). Material: We included 537 non selected in advance pregnant women, avarage age 30.49±5 years (95% CI: 30.06 - 30.91), median – 30 (18-47) (95% CI: 30 - 31). More than 50% (271/537) of pregnant women took only vitamins with minerals or combined with other medications. Methods: After completing a personal Questionnaire, each pregnant woman followed the study protocol: sample for TSH and TPOAb (ECLIA method) morning urine to determine the iodine concentration by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); ultrasound examination to determine the volume of the thyroid gland. Results: The mean concentration of iodine in urine for the whole group of pregnant women (n-537) was 181.60±93.97 µg / L, median 170 µg / L (20th percentile – 102 µg / L, 80th percentile – 248 µg / L). According to the criterion “additional supplementation” three groups of pregnant women were formed – A (79, 14.71%) – not taking anything, B (271, 50.47%) – taking combined vitamins with minerals (including iodine), C (187, 34.82%) – taking medicines other than vitamins. The highest is the average level of iodine in urine in Group B – 191.08±95.42 µg / L and the lowest in Group A – 162.91±93.23 µg / L, P  250 µg / L) – 23.3% against 15.6% of these not taking combined vitamins with minerals (P Conclusion: The additional intake of combined vitamins with minerals (including iodine) contributes to the normal level of iodine in urine in pregnant Bulgarian women.
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Anna-Maria Borissovа

Clinic of Endocrinology, University Hospital Sofiamed, Sofia, Bulgaria
Ludmila Ivanova

Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University Saint. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria
Boyana Trifonova

Clinic of Endocrinology, University Hospital Sofiamed, Sofia, Bulgaria
Lilia Dakovska

Clinic of Endocrinology, University Hospital Sofiamed, Sofia, Bulgaria
Eugenia Mihailova

Clinic of Endocrinology, University Hospital Sofiamed, Sofia, Bulgaria
Mircho Vukov

Clinic of Endocrinology, University Hospital Sofiamed, Sofia, Bulgaria

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APA Style

Anna-Maria Borissovа, Ludmila Ivanova, Boyana Trifonova, Lilia Dakovska, Eugenia Mihailova, et al. (2020). Role of Supplementations of Combined Vitamins with Minerals on Iodine Status in Pregnant Women in Bulgaria. International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology, 5(3), 47-53. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.13

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ACS Style

Anna-Maria Borissovа; Ludmila Ivanova; Boyana Trifonova; Lilia Dakovska; Eugenia Mihailova, et al. Role of Supplementations of Combined Vitamins with Minerals on Iodine Status in Pregnant Women in Bulgaria. Int. J. Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020, 5(3), 47-53. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.13

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AMA Style

Anna-Maria Borissovа, Ludmila Ivanova, Boyana Trifonova, Lilia Dakovska, Eugenia Mihailova, et al. Role of Supplementations of Combined Vitamins with Minerals on Iodine Status in Pregnant Women in Bulgaria. Int J Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020;5(3):47-53. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.13,
  author = {Anna-Maria Borissovа and Ludmila Ivanova and Boyana Trifonova and Lilia Dakovska and Eugenia Mihailova and Mircho Vukov},
  title = {Role of Supplementations of Combined Vitamins with Minerals on Iodine Status in Pregnant Women in Bulgaria},
  journal = {International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {47-53},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijde.20200503.13},
  abstract = {Underestimating the risk of iodine deficiency among the population and its impact on high risk groups such as pregnant women and children creates a serious problem for the health care system. The aim of the present study is to establish the current iodine status in pregnant women in Bulgaria and to clarify the importance of additional supplementation with combined vitamins and minerals (including iodine). Material: We included 537 non selected in advance pregnant women, avarage age 30.49±5 years (95% CI: 30.06 - 30.91), median – 30 (18-47) (95% CI: 30 - 31). More than 50% (271/537) of pregnant women took only vitamins with minerals or combined with other medications. Methods: After completing a personal Questionnaire, each pregnant woman followed the study protocol: sample for TSH and TPOAb (ECLIA method) morning urine to determine the iodine concentration by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); ultrasound examination to determine the volume of the thyroid gland. Results: The mean concentration of iodine in urine for the whole group of pregnant women (n-537) was 181.60±93.97 µg / L, median 170 µg / L (20th percentile – 102 µg / L, 80th percentile – 248 µg / L). According to the criterion “additional supplementation” three groups of pregnant women were formed – A (79, 14.71%) – not taking anything, B (271, 50.47%) – taking combined vitamins with minerals (including iodine), C (187, 34.82%) – taking medicines other than vitamins. The highest is the average level of iodine in urine in Group B – 191.08±95.42 µg / L and the lowest in Group A – 162.91±93.23 µg / L, P  250 µg / L) – 23.3% against 15.6% of these not taking combined vitamins with minerals (P Conclusion: The additional intake of combined vitamins with minerals (including iodine) contributes to the normal level of iodine in urine in pregnant Bulgarian women.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Role of Supplementations of Combined Vitamins with Minerals on Iodine Status in Pregnant Women in Bulgaria
AU  - Anna-Maria Borissovа
AU  - Ludmila Ivanova
AU  - Boyana Trifonova
AU  - Lilia Dakovska
AU  - Eugenia Mihailova
AU  - Mircho Vukov
Y1  - 2020/10/13
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.13
T2  - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
JF  - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
JO  - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
SP  - 47
EP  - 53
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1371
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20200503.13
AB  - Underestimating the risk of iodine deficiency among the population and its impact on high risk groups such as pregnant women and children creates a serious problem for the health care system. The aim of the present study is to establish the current iodine status in pregnant women in Bulgaria and to clarify the importance of additional supplementation with combined vitamins and minerals (including iodine). Material: We included 537 non selected in advance pregnant women, avarage age 30.49±5 years (95% CI: 30.06 - 30.91), median – 30 (18-47) (95% CI: 30 - 31). More than 50% (271/537) of pregnant women took only vitamins with minerals or combined with other medications. Methods: After completing a personal Questionnaire, each pregnant woman followed the study protocol: sample for TSH and TPOAb (ECLIA method) morning urine to determine the iodine concentration by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); ultrasound examination to determine the volume of the thyroid gland. Results: The mean concentration of iodine in urine for the whole group of pregnant women (n-537) was 181.60±93.97 µg / L, median 170 µg / L (20th percentile – 102 µg / L, 80th percentile – 248 µg / L). According to the criterion “additional supplementation” three groups of pregnant women were formed – A (79, 14.71%) – not taking anything, B (271, 50.47%) – taking combined vitamins with minerals (including iodine), C (187, 34.82%) – taking medicines other than vitamins. The highest is the average level of iodine in urine in Group B – 191.08±95.42 µg / L and the lowest in Group A – 162.91±93.23 µg / L, P  250 µg / L) – 23.3% against 15.6% of these not taking combined vitamins with minerals (P Conclusion: The additional intake of combined vitamins with minerals (including iodine) contributes to the normal level of iodine in urine in pregnant Bulgarian women.
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
ER  -

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