Effectiveness of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) in the Control of <i>P. falciparum</i> in Kanshio, Makurdi, Nigeria

Happiness Igwe Obadiah; Silas Edeh; Onah Isegbe Emmanuel; Faith Odije Okita

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.11

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Effectiveness of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) in the Control of P. falciparum in Kanshio, Makurdi, Nigeria

Happiness Igwe Obadiah, Silas Edeh, Onah Isegbe Emmanuel, Faith Odije Okita

Published in International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy (Volume 3, Issue 1)

Received: 27 September 2017 Accepted: 6 November 2017 Published: 20 December 2017

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Abstract

Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) are known to have major impact on malaria control when properly used. The study was carried out to ascertain the impact of ITNs on P. falciparum in Kanshio, Makurdi metropolis two months after free distribution of ITNs. Questionnaires were served to obtain demographics and information on ownership and use of ITNs. Rapid diagnostic test strips were used to screen participants for malaria parasite. Of the 356 people interacted with, 256 (71.9%) had ITNs. The prevalence of P. falciparum among non-users of ITN (100) was higher 61(61.0%) than that of users (256) which was 35(13.7%), there was significant difference in the prevalence of malaria among users and non-users of ITNs (P= 0.001). Out of the 208(50.4%) females, 65(67.7%) tested positive while 31(32.3%) out of 148(41.6%) males tested positive. There was significant difference between sex and infection (P= 0.031). Age 0-15 years had the highest prevalence of 44(45.8%), while 48 and above years had the least prevalence of 4(4.2%). There was no significant difference between age and infection (P=0.557). Also, from this study, HND/B.Sc holders had a greater number of utilization of ITNs of 110(42%) while those with no academic qualification had the lowest utilization rate of 20(7.8%). There was significant difference between educational qualification and ITNs usage (P=0.001). Vulnerable population should use ITNs properly and consistently to ensure prevention of malaria. A follow up to monitor ITNs compliance is strongly encouraged.

Published in	International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy (Volume 3, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.11
Page(s)	1-5
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs), Plasmodium falciparum, Nigeria

References

[1]	Wikipedia, Malaria, 2013.
[2]	Taura, D. and Oyeyi, T. (2009). Prevalence of Malaria Parasites in Pregnant Women attending Sir Muhammad Sunusi Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2(1): 186-188.
[3]	Adefioye, O., Adeyeba, O., Hassan, W. and Oyeniran, A. (2007). Prevalence of Malaria Parasite Infection among Pregnant Women in Oshogbo, Southwest Nigeria. American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research, 2(1): 43-45.
[4]	World Health Organization (2014). World Malaria Report. www.int/immunization/research/development/malaria/en/.
[5]	Sani, A., Emmanuel, A., Rebecca, S. and Pukuma, S. (2014). Malaria Prevalence and Insecticide Treated Nets Usage in Argungu (North Western Nigeria). International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, 6:149-154.
[6]	Egbuche, C., Eneanya, C., Aribodor, D., Eneanya, A., Ogbuagu, C. and Ezuogbo, K. (2013). Malaria Prevalence and use of Insecticide Treated Net among Community Members in Aguleri, Anambra State, Nigeria. Bioscientist Journal, 1(1): 60-66.
[7]	Tobin-West, C. amd Alex-Hart, B. (2011). Insecticide Treated Bed Net Ownership and Utilization in Rivers State, Nigeria before a State-wide net Distribution Campaign. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases, 48:133-137.
[8]	Okita, F. O. and Amuta, E. U. (2017). Comparative Use of RDT and Thick Film Microscopy in the Diagnosis of Malaria in Sub-urban Settlements in Makurdi, Nigeria. International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 2(2):25-34.
[9]	Hilary, R. and Natalie, L. (2016). Insecticide Resistance in African Anopheles Mosquitoes: A Worsening Situation That needs Urgent Action to Maintain Malaria Control. Trends in Parasitology, 32(3):187-196.
[10]	WHO. Global Malaria Program: Position Statement on Insecticide Treated Nets. http://www.ivcc.com/sites/ivcc.mrmdev.co.uk/files/content/itnspospaperfinal. Accessed 25/10/2017

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APA Style

Happiness Igwe Obadiah, Silas Edeh, Onah Isegbe Emmanuel, Faith Odije Okita. (2017). Effectiveness of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) in the Control of P. falciparum in Kanshio, Makurdi, Nigeria. International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 3(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.11

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ACS Style

Happiness Igwe Obadiah; Silas Edeh; Onah Isegbe Emmanuel; Faith Odije Okita. Effectiveness of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) in the Control of P. falciparum in Kanshio, Makurdi, Nigeria. Int. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2017, 3(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.11

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AMA Style

Happiness Igwe Obadiah, Silas Edeh, Onah Isegbe Emmanuel, Faith Odije Okita. Effectiveness of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) in the Control of P. falciparum in Kanshio, Makurdi, Nigeria. Int J Infect Dis Ther. 2017;3(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.11,
  author = {Happiness Igwe Obadiah and Silas Edeh and Onah Isegbe Emmanuel and Faith Odije Okita},
  title = {Effectiveness of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) in the Control of P. falciparum in Kanshio, Makurdi, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-5},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijidt.20180301.11},
  abstract = {Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) are known to have major impact on malaria control when properly used. The study was carried out to ascertain the impact of ITNs on P. falciparum in Kanshio, Makurdi metropolis two months after free distribution of ITNs. Questionnaires were served to obtain demographics and information on ownership and use of ITNs. Rapid diagnostic test strips were used to screen participants for malaria parasite. Of the 356 people interacted with, 256 (71.9%) had ITNs. The prevalence of P. falciparum among non-users of ITN (100) was higher 61(61.0%) than that of users (256) which was 35(13.7%), there was significant difference in the prevalence of malaria among users and non-users of ITNs (P= 0.001). Out of the 208(50.4%) females, 65(67.7%) tested positive while 31(32.3%) out of 148(41.6%) males tested positive. There was significant difference between sex and infection (P= 0.031). Age 0-15 years had the highest prevalence of 44(45.8%), while 48 and above years had the least prevalence of 4(4.2%). There was no significant difference between age and infection (P=0.557). Also, from this study, HND/B.Sc holders had a greater number of utilization of ITNs of 110(42%) while those with no academic qualification had the lowest utilization rate of 20(7.8%). There was significant difference between educational qualification and ITNs usage (P=0.001). Vulnerable population should use ITNs properly and consistently to ensure prevention of malaria. A follow up to monitor ITNs compliance is strongly encouraged.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effectiveness of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) in the Control of P. falciparum in Kanshio, Makurdi, Nigeria
AU  - Happiness Igwe Obadiah
AU  - Silas Edeh
AU  - Onah Isegbe Emmanuel
AU  - Faith Odije Okita
Y1  - 2017/12/20
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.11
T2  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JF  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JO  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-966X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.11
AB  - Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) are known to have major impact on malaria control when properly used. The study was carried out to ascertain the impact of ITNs on P. falciparum in Kanshio, Makurdi metropolis two months after free distribution of ITNs. Questionnaires were served to obtain demographics and information on ownership and use of ITNs. Rapid diagnostic test strips were used to screen participants for malaria parasite. Of the 356 people interacted with, 256 (71.9%) had ITNs. The prevalence of P. falciparum among non-users of ITN (100) was higher 61(61.0%) than that of users (256) which was 35(13.7%), there was significant difference in the prevalence of malaria among users and non-users of ITNs (P= 0.001). Out of the 208(50.4%) females, 65(67.7%) tested positive while 31(32.3%) out of 148(41.6%) males tested positive. There was significant difference between sex and infection (P= 0.031). Age 0-15 years had the highest prevalence of 44(45.8%), while 48 and above years had the least prevalence of 4(4.2%). There was no significant difference between age and infection (P=0.557). Also, from this study, HND/B.Sc holders had a greater number of utilization of ITNs of 110(42%) while those with no academic qualification had the lowest utilization rate of 20(7.8%). There was significant difference between educational qualification and ITNs usage (P=0.001). Vulnerable population should use ITNs properly and consistently to ensure prevention of malaria. A follow up to monitor ITNs compliance is strongly encouraged.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Happiness Igwe Obadiah

Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria
Silas Edeh

Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria
Onah Isegbe Emmanuel

Federal College of Veterinary and Medical Laboratory Technology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom-Jos, Nigeria
Faith Odije Okita

Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Happiness Igwe Obadiah, Silas Edeh, Onah Isegbe Emmanuel, Faith Odije Okita. (2017). Effectiveness of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) in the Control of P. falciparum in Kanshio, Makurdi, Nigeria. International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 3(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.11

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ACS Style

Happiness Igwe Obadiah; Silas Edeh; Onah Isegbe Emmanuel; Faith Odije Okita. Effectiveness of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) in the Control of P. falciparum in Kanshio, Makurdi, Nigeria. Int. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2017, 3(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.11

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AMA Style

Happiness Igwe Obadiah, Silas Edeh, Onah Isegbe Emmanuel, Faith Odije Okita. Effectiveness of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) in the Control of P. falciparum in Kanshio, Makurdi, Nigeria. Int J Infect Dis Ther. 2017;3(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.11,
  author = {Happiness Igwe Obadiah and Silas Edeh and Onah Isegbe Emmanuel and Faith Odije Okita},
  title = {Effectiveness of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) in the Control of P. falciparum in Kanshio, Makurdi, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-5},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijidt.20180301.11},
  abstract = {Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) are known to have major impact on malaria control when properly used. The study was carried out to ascertain the impact of ITNs on P. falciparum in Kanshio, Makurdi metropolis two months after free distribution of ITNs. Questionnaires were served to obtain demographics and information on ownership and use of ITNs. Rapid diagnostic test strips were used to screen participants for malaria parasite. Of the 356 people interacted with, 256 (71.9%) had ITNs. The prevalence of P. falciparum among non-users of ITN (100) was higher 61(61.0%) than that of users (256) which was 35(13.7%), there was significant difference in the prevalence of malaria among users and non-users of ITNs (P= 0.001). Out of the 208(50.4%) females, 65(67.7%) tested positive while 31(32.3%) out of 148(41.6%) males tested positive. There was significant difference between sex and infection (P= 0.031). Age 0-15 years had the highest prevalence of 44(45.8%), while 48 and above years had the least prevalence of 4(4.2%). There was no significant difference between age and infection (P=0.557). Also, from this study, HND/B.Sc holders had a greater number of utilization of ITNs of 110(42%) while those with no academic qualification had the lowest utilization rate of 20(7.8%). There was significant difference between educational qualification and ITNs usage (P=0.001). Vulnerable population should use ITNs properly and consistently to ensure prevention of malaria. A follow up to monitor ITNs compliance is strongly encouraged.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effectiveness of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) in the Control of P. falciparum in Kanshio, Makurdi, Nigeria
AU  - Happiness Igwe Obadiah
AU  - Silas Edeh
AU  - Onah Isegbe Emmanuel
AU  - Faith Odije Okita
Y1  - 2017/12/20
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.11
T2  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JF  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JO  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-966X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.11
AB  - Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) are known to have major impact on malaria control when properly used. The study was carried out to ascertain the impact of ITNs on P. falciparum in Kanshio, Makurdi metropolis two months after free distribution of ITNs. Questionnaires were served to obtain demographics and information on ownership and use of ITNs. Rapid diagnostic test strips were used to screen participants for malaria parasite. Of the 356 people interacted with, 256 (71.9%) had ITNs. The prevalence of P. falciparum among non-users of ITN (100) was higher 61(61.0%) than that of users (256) which was 35(13.7%), there was significant difference in the prevalence of malaria among users and non-users of ITNs (P= 0.001). Out of the 208(50.4%) females, 65(67.7%) tested positive while 31(32.3%) out of 148(41.6%) males tested positive. There was significant difference between sex and infection (P= 0.031). Age 0-15 years had the highest prevalence of 44(45.8%), while 48 and above years had the least prevalence of 4(4.2%). There was no significant difference between age and infection (P=0.557). Also, from this study, HND/B.Sc holders had a greater number of utilization of ITNs of 110(42%) while those with no academic qualification had the lowest utilization rate of 20(7.8%). There was significant difference between educational qualification and ITNs usage (P=0.001). Vulnerable population should use ITNs properly and consistently to ensure prevention of malaria. A follow up to monitor ITNs compliance is strongly encouraged.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

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