Invivo Anti Trypanosomal Activity of Aqueous Extractof <i>Azadirachta indica</i> Leaves on <i>Trypanosoma brucei brucei</i> Infected Mice

Okoh Martina Enyanwu; Obadiah Happiness Igwe; Edoh Emmanuel

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.13

| Peer-Reviewed

Invivo Anti Trypanosomal Activity of Aqueous Extractof Azadirachta indica Leaves on Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infected Mice

Okoh Martina Enyanwu, Obadiah Happiness Igwe, Edoh Emmanuel

Published in International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy (Volume 3, Issue 1)

Received: 30 October 2017 Accepted: 17 November 2017 Published: 2 February 2018

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Azadirachta indica commonly known as Neem is known to possess high medicinal value. This study aimed at determining the in vivo anti trypanosomal potential of aqueous extracts of A. indica leaves on Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected mice. The toxicity of A. indica on mice was determined after which different extract doses (100, 250 and 500mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally on the third day after infection, administration lasted for 7 days. The effects of the extract in trypanosome infected mice were observed for 15 days by monitoring the changes in packed cell volume (PCV), Parasitemia and weight of mice. Comparison was made to the positive control group treated with Diamineazine Aceturate and negative control-infected but not treated.The leaf extract of neem plant did not have acute toxicity on the uninfected animals, there was no significant effect observed in weight (Group 3 which was given 500mg/kg had a weight of 35g by day 7 while control had a weight of 35.2g) and PCV (Group 1; 100mg/kg, Day 7 had a PCV of 44, Group 3; 500mg/kg, 45 while control had a PCV of 45) (p>0.05). There was however a significant difference between the different extract doses and control with respect to parasitemia, (500mg/kg extract dose showed more anti trypanosomal potential compared to other doses). PCV (mice that were given 500mg/kg of extract dose recorded a higher PCV compared to lower doses) and weight of the mice; (p<0.05). Azadirachta indica extract possess anti trypanosomal potentials. It is therefore recommended that more research on ethno botanic medicine should be encouraged and treatment options employed in the treatment of neglected diseases.

Published in	International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy (Volume 3, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.13
Page(s)	13-17
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Azadirachta indica, African Trypanosomiasis, Nigeria

References

[1]	Ene, A., Edeh, N., Bonny, C., Ojiako, O., Ujuwandi, C. andIgwe, C. (2013). Invivo Anti Trypanosomal Effect of Methanol and Aqueous Extract of Picrili manitida. British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 3:200-205.
[2]	Ogoti, P., Magiri, E., Auma, J., Gabriel, M., Imbuga M. and Murilla, G. (2009). Evaluation of Invivo Anti Trypanosomal Activity of Selected Medicinal Plant Extracts. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 3(11):849-854.
[3]	Raphael, M., Bosire, O., Stephen, M., William, W., Ronald, G., Kilbagi, K. and Francis, N. (2009). Anti Trypanosomal Effect of Azadirachta indica on Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense Infected mice. Eastern Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 14-29.
[4]	Maikai, V., Nok, J., Adaudi, A and Alawa, C. (2007). Invitro Anti Trypanosomal Activity of Aqueous and Methanolic Extract of Stem Bark of Ximenia americanai on Trypanosoma congolense. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research. 3:2-7.
[5]	Nok, A., King, A., Ishaya, L., Samuel, A., Paul, C., Casmir, EandJames, K. (1993). Trypanocidal Potential of Azadirachta indica: In vivo Activity of Leaf Extract against Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry Nutrition, 15:113-118.
[6]	Tagbato, S. and Townson, S. (2001). Anti Parasitic Properties of Medicinal Plants and Other Naturally Ocurring Products. Advanced Journal of Parasitology. 50:199-205.
[7]	Omoja, V., Anago, A., Obidik, I., Ihedioha, T., Umeakuana, P., Mhonga, L., Asuzu, U. and Anika, M. (2011). The Effect of Combination of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Azadirachta indica and Diameazene Diacetuate in the Treatment of Experimental brucei brucei in rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Medicine, 3(4):560-563.
[8]	Luckins A. G. (2002). Surra. Office International Epizootics (OIE) Manual of Diagnostic tests and vaccines for Terrestrial Animals Pp 33.
[9]	Chem, J., Tipoe, G. and Liong, F. (2004). Green Tea Polyphenols Prevent Toxin Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice by Down Regulating Inducible Nitric Oxide Derived Pro-Oxidants. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 80:742-751.
[10]	Ibrahim, M., Njoko, G. and Salau, B. (2008). In Vivo Activity of Stem Barkof Aqueous Extract of Khaya senegalensis against Trypanosoma brucei. African Journal of Biotechnology. 7(5):661-663.
[11]	Mohammad, A. (2012). Antimicrobial Potential of Azadirachta indica Against Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 1(4):78-83.
[12]	Githua, M., Hassanali, A., Keriko, J., Kareru, P. Murilla, G., Ndungu, M. and Nyagah, G. (2011). Antitrypanosomal Tetra notriterpenoids from Toonaciliata roots. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 2(7): 1042-1047.
[13]	Bulus, T., Ahmed, A. B., Aboi, T. Y. and Danbaki, D. A. (2016). Determination of IC50 and IC90 Values of Ethanolic Extracts of Some Medicinal Plants against Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Achives of Clinical Microbiology, 7(3):1-5.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Okoh Martina Enyanwu, Obadiah Happiness Igwe, Edoh Emmanuel. (2018). Invivo Anti Trypanosomal Activity of Aqueous Extractof Azadirachta indica Leaves on Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infected Mice. International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 3(1), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Okoh Martina Enyanwu; Obadiah Happiness Igwe; Edoh Emmanuel. Invivo Anti Trypanosomal Activity of Aqueous Extractof Azadirachta indica Leaves on Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infected Mice. Int. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2018, 3(1), 13-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Okoh Martina Enyanwu, Obadiah Happiness Igwe, Edoh Emmanuel. Invivo Anti Trypanosomal Activity of Aqueous Extractof Azadirachta indica Leaves on Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infected Mice. Int J Infect Dis Ther. 2018;3(1):13-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.13,
  author = {Okoh Martina Enyanwu and Obadiah Happiness Igwe and Edoh Emmanuel},
  title = {Invivo Anti Trypanosomal Activity of Aqueous Extractof Azadirachta indica Leaves on Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infected Mice},
  journal = {International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {13-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijidt.20180301.13},
  abstract = {Azadirachta indica commonly known as Neem is known to possess high medicinal value. This study aimed at determining the in vivo anti trypanosomal potential of aqueous extracts of A. indica leaves on Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected mice. The toxicity of A. indica on mice was determined after which different extract doses (100, 250 and 500mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally on the third day after infection, administration lasted for 7 days. The effects of the extract in trypanosome infected mice were observed for 15 days by monitoring the changes in packed cell volume (PCV), Parasitemia and weight of mice. Comparison was made to the positive control group treated with Diamineazine Aceturate and negative control-infected but not treated.The leaf extract of neem plant did not have acute toxicity on the uninfected animals, there was no significant effect observed in weight (Group 3 which was given 500mg/kg had a weight of 35g by day 7 while control had a weight of 35.2g) and PCV (Group 1; 100mg/kg, Day 7 had a PCV of 44, Group 3; 500mg/kg, 45 while control had a PCV of 45) (p>0.05). There was however a significant difference between the different extract doses and control with respect to parasitemia, (500mg/kg extract dose showed more anti trypanosomal potential compared to other doses). PCV (mice that were given 500mg/kg of extract dose recorded a higher PCV compared to lower doses) and weight of the mice; (pAzadirachta indica extract possess anti trypanosomal potentials. It is therefore recommended that more research on ethno botanic medicine should be encouraged and treatment options employed in the treatment of neglected diseases.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Invivo Anti Trypanosomal Activity of Aqueous Extractof Azadirachta indica Leaves on Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infected Mice
AU  - Okoh Martina Enyanwu
AU  - Obadiah Happiness Igwe
AU  - Edoh Emmanuel
Y1  - 2018/02/02
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.13
T2  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JF  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JO  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
SP  - 13
EP  - 17
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-966X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.13
AB  - Azadirachta indica commonly known as Neem is known to possess high medicinal value. This study aimed at determining the in vivo anti trypanosomal potential of aqueous extracts of A. indica leaves on Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected mice. The toxicity of A. indica on mice was determined after which different extract doses (100, 250 and 500mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally on the third day after infection, administration lasted for 7 days. The effects of the extract in trypanosome infected mice were observed for 15 days by monitoring the changes in packed cell volume (PCV), Parasitemia and weight of mice. Comparison was made to the positive control group treated with Diamineazine Aceturate and negative control-infected but not treated.The leaf extract of neem plant did not have acute toxicity on the uninfected animals, there was no significant effect observed in weight (Group 3 which was given 500mg/kg had a weight of 35g by day 7 while control had a weight of 35.2g) and PCV (Group 1; 100mg/kg, Day 7 had a PCV of 44, Group 3; 500mg/kg, 45 while control had a PCV of 45) (p>0.05). There was however a significant difference between the different extract doses and control with respect to parasitemia, (500mg/kg extract dose showed more anti trypanosomal potential compared to other doses). PCV (mice that were given 500mg/kg of extract dose recorded a higher PCV compared to lower doses) and weight of the mice; (pAzadirachta indica extract possess anti trypanosomal potentials. It is therefore recommended that more research on ethno botanic medicine should be encouraged and treatment options employed in the treatment of neglected diseases.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Okoh Martina Enyanwu

Department of Biological Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria
Obadiah Happiness Igwe

Department of Biological Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria
Edoh Emmanuel

Department of Biological Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Okoh Martina Enyanwu, Obadiah Happiness Igwe, Edoh Emmanuel. (2018). Invivo Anti Trypanosomal Activity of Aqueous Extractof Azadirachta indica Leaves on Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infected Mice. International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 3(1), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Okoh Martina Enyanwu; Obadiah Happiness Igwe; Edoh Emmanuel. Invivo Anti Trypanosomal Activity of Aqueous Extractof Azadirachta indica Leaves on Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infected Mice. Int. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2018, 3(1), 13-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Okoh Martina Enyanwu, Obadiah Happiness Igwe, Edoh Emmanuel. Invivo Anti Trypanosomal Activity of Aqueous Extractof Azadirachta indica Leaves on Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infected Mice. Int J Infect Dis Ther. 2018;3(1):13-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.13,
  author = {Okoh Martina Enyanwu and Obadiah Happiness Igwe and Edoh Emmanuel},
  title = {Invivo Anti Trypanosomal Activity of Aqueous Extractof Azadirachta indica Leaves on Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infected Mice},
  journal = {International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {13-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijidt.20180301.13},
  abstract = {Azadirachta indica commonly known as Neem is known to possess high medicinal value. This study aimed at determining the in vivo anti trypanosomal potential of aqueous extracts of A. indica leaves on Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected mice. The toxicity of A. indica on mice was determined after which different extract doses (100, 250 and 500mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally on the third day after infection, administration lasted for 7 days. The effects of the extract in trypanosome infected mice were observed for 15 days by monitoring the changes in packed cell volume (PCV), Parasitemia and weight of mice. Comparison was made to the positive control group treated with Diamineazine Aceturate and negative control-infected but not treated.The leaf extract of neem plant did not have acute toxicity on the uninfected animals, there was no significant effect observed in weight (Group 3 which was given 500mg/kg had a weight of 35g by day 7 while control had a weight of 35.2g) and PCV (Group 1; 100mg/kg, Day 7 had a PCV of 44, Group 3; 500mg/kg, 45 while control had a PCV of 45) (p>0.05). There was however a significant difference between the different extract doses and control with respect to parasitemia, (500mg/kg extract dose showed more anti trypanosomal potential compared to other doses). PCV (mice that were given 500mg/kg of extract dose recorded a higher PCV compared to lower doses) and weight of the mice; (pAzadirachta indica extract possess anti trypanosomal potentials. It is therefore recommended that more research on ethno botanic medicine should be encouraged and treatment options employed in the treatment of neglected diseases.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Invivo Anti Trypanosomal Activity of Aqueous Extractof Azadirachta indica Leaves on Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infected Mice
AU  - Okoh Martina Enyanwu
AU  - Obadiah Happiness Igwe
AU  - Edoh Emmanuel
Y1  - 2018/02/02
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.13
T2  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JF  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JO  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
SP  - 13
EP  - 17
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-966X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.13
AB  - Azadirachta indica commonly known as Neem is known to possess high medicinal value. This study aimed at determining the in vivo anti trypanosomal potential of aqueous extracts of A. indica leaves on Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected mice. The toxicity of A. indica on mice was determined after which different extract doses (100, 250 and 500mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally on the third day after infection, administration lasted for 7 days. The effects of the extract in trypanosome infected mice were observed for 15 days by monitoring the changes in packed cell volume (PCV), Parasitemia and weight of mice. Comparison was made to the positive control group treated with Diamineazine Aceturate and negative control-infected but not treated.The leaf extract of neem plant did not have acute toxicity on the uninfected animals, there was no significant effect observed in weight (Group 3 which was given 500mg/kg had a weight of 35g by day 7 while control had a weight of 35.2g) and PCV (Group 1; 100mg/kg, Day 7 had a PCV of 44, Group 3; 500mg/kg, 45 while control had a PCV of 45) (p>0.05). There was however a significant difference between the different extract doses and control with respect to parasitemia, (500mg/kg extract dose showed more anti trypanosomal potential compared to other doses). PCV (mice that were given 500mg/kg of extract dose recorded a higher PCV compared to lower doses) and weight of the mice; (pAzadirachta indica extract possess anti trypanosomal potentials. It is therefore recommended that more research on ethno botanic medicine should be encouraged and treatment options employed in the treatment of neglected diseases.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download