Hepatitis A Virus Outbreak in Eastern Ethiopia, 2017: Descriptive Analysis

Desalegn Belay; Mikias Alayu; Abiy Girmay

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijidt.20190403.12

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Hepatitis A Virus Outbreak in Eastern Ethiopia, 2017: Descriptive Analysis

Desalegn Belay, Mikias Alayu, Abiy Girmay

Published in International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy (Volume 4, Issue 3)

Received: 9 March 2019 Accepted: 15 April 2019 Published: 17 September 2019

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Abstract

Hepatitis A virus is a non-enveloped, single-stranded, linear ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus Hepatovirus from the Picornaviridae. It is transmitted by ingestion of food contaminated by fecal matter. Gastrointestinal symptoms with Fever, fatigue, yellowing of the skin or eyes, light-colored feces and dark-colored urine are among symptoms. It is a cause of death for 15 000 annually around the globe. The objective of this study is to describe hepatitis A outbreak in in terms of person, place and time. We investigated the outbreak to describe the cases and to identify the etiology. Medical records and line list were reviewed and descriptive data analysis was performed. Serum samples were tested by Immunoglobulin M (IgM) enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. We included all 81 cases with acute jaundice syndrome diagnosis and analyzed the data using Microsoft Excel. A total of 81 persons were affected with the acute jaundice syndrome. Among those, 37 (46%) were females and 44 (54%) were males. The median age of patients was 7 years with range 1-40 years old. The overall attack rate of the outbreak was 27 per 100,000. The age of patients ranged from 1 to 40 years. Out of 18 tested samples, 11 (61%) were positive for Hepatitis A. From the total cases listed, 44 (45%) were from the local community and 37 (46%) were from the internally displaced people (IDP). The outbreak lasted from February to August 2017. Hepatitis A was confirmed affecting people below 40 years of ages in Dolo zone, Somali region, Ethiopia in 2017 and there will be no way that it cannot cause illness again.

Published in	International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy (Volume 4, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijidt.20190403.12
Page(s)	40-43
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Hepatitis A, Virus, Ethiopia

References

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[4]	WorldHealthOrganization. Position paper, Hepatitis B. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2012; 84 (28): 261–76.
[5]	Linder KA, Malani PN. Hepatitis A. Jama [Internet]. 2017; 318 (23): 2393. Available from: http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2017.17244
[6]	Control YCD. Hepatitis A. 2016. 3 p.
[7]	Poovorawan K, Chattakul P, Chattakul S, Thongmee T, Theamboonlers A, Komolmit P, et al. The important role of early diagnosis and preventive management during a large-scale outbreak of hepatitis A in Thailand. Pathog Glob Health. 2013; 107 (7): 370.
[8]	Chen N, Liu Z, Shie S, Chen T, Wu T. Clinical characteristics of acute hepatitis A outbreak in Taiwan , 2015 – 2016 : observations from a tertiary medical center. BMC Infect Dis. 2017; 17 (441): 4.
[9]	June J, Charre C, Ramière C, Chidiac C, Zoulim F, Koffi J, et al. Hepatitis A outbreak in HIV-infected MSM and in PrEP-using MSM despite a high level of immunity, Lyon ,. eurosurveillance. 2017; (June): 1–4.
[10]	Seo JY, Seo JH, Kim MH, Ki M, Park HS, Choi BY. Pattern of Hepatitis A Incidence According to Area Characteristics Using National Health Insurance Data. J Prev Med Public Heal. 2012; 45 (3): 167.
[11]	WHO A. END HEPATITIS BY 2030. 2017. p. 13.
[12]	Michaelis K, Wenzel JJ, Stark K, Faber M. Hepatitis A virus infections and outbreaks in asylum seekers arriving to Germany , September 2015 to 2016. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2017; 6 (September 2016): 3.
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[14]	Ibrahim A. Hepatitis A Virus Infection among Primary School Pupils in Potiskum, Yobe State, Nigeria. IntJCurrMicrobiolAppSci. 2015; 4 (4): 948–54.
[15]	Ireland. Hepatitis A. 2015. p. 1–10.

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APA Style

Desalegn Belay, Mikias Alayu, Abiy Girmay. (2019). Hepatitis A Virus Outbreak in Eastern Ethiopia, 2017: Descriptive Analysis. International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 4(3), 40-43. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20190403.12

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ACS Style

Desalegn Belay; Mikias Alayu; Abiy Girmay. Hepatitis A Virus Outbreak in Eastern Ethiopia, 2017: Descriptive Analysis. Int. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2019, 4(3), 40-43. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20190403.12

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AMA Style

Desalegn Belay, Mikias Alayu, Abiy Girmay. Hepatitis A Virus Outbreak in Eastern Ethiopia, 2017: Descriptive Analysis. Int J Infect Dis Ther. 2019;4(3):40-43. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20190403.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijidt.20190403.12,
  author = {Desalegn Belay and Mikias Alayu and Abiy Girmay},
  title = {Hepatitis A Virus Outbreak in Eastern Ethiopia, 2017: Descriptive Analysis},
  journal = {International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {40-43},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijidt.20190403.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20190403.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijidt.20190403.12},
  abstract = {Hepatitis A virus is a non-enveloped, single-stranded, linear ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus Hepatovirus from the Picornaviridae. It is transmitted by ingestion of food contaminated by fecal matter. Gastrointestinal symptoms with Fever, fatigue, yellowing of the skin or eyes, light-colored feces and dark-colored urine are among symptoms. It is a cause of death for 15 000 annually around the globe. The objective of this study is to describe hepatitis A outbreak in in terms of person, place and time. We investigated the outbreak to describe the cases and to identify the etiology. Medical records and line list were reviewed and descriptive data analysis was performed. Serum samples were tested by Immunoglobulin M (IgM) enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. We included all 81 cases with acute jaundice syndrome diagnosis and analyzed the data using Microsoft Excel. A total of 81 persons were affected with the acute jaundice syndrome. Among those, 37 (46%) were females and 44 (54%) were males. The median age of patients was 7 years with range 1-40 years old. The overall attack rate of the outbreak was 27 per 100,000. The age of patients ranged from 1 to 40 years. Out of 18 tested samples, 11 (61%) were positive for Hepatitis A. From the total cases listed, 44 (45%) were from the local community and 37 (46%) were from the internally displaced people (IDP). The outbreak lasted from February to August 2017. Hepatitis A was confirmed affecting people below 40 years of ages in Dolo zone, Somali region, Ethiopia in 2017 and there will be no way that it cannot cause illness again.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Hepatitis A Virus Outbreak in Eastern Ethiopia, 2017: Descriptive Analysis
AU - Desalegn Belay
AU - Mikias Alayu
AU - Abiy Girmay
Y1 - 2019/09/17
PY - 2019
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20190403.12
DO - 10.11648/j.ijidt.20190403.12
T2 - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JF - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JO - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
SP - 40
EP - 43
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2578-966X
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20190403.12
AB - Hepatitis A virus is a non-enveloped, single-stranded, linear ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus Hepatovirus from the Picornaviridae. It is transmitted by ingestion of food contaminated by fecal matter. Gastrointestinal symptoms with Fever, fatigue, yellowing of the skin or eyes, light-colored feces and dark-colored urine are among symptoms. It is a cause of death for 15 000 annually around the globe. The objective of this study is to describe hepatitis A outbreak in in terms of person, place and time. We investigated the outbreak to describe the cases and to identify the etiology. Medical records and line list were reviewed and descriptive data analysis was performed. Serum samples were tested by Immunoglobulin M (IgM) enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. We included all 81 cases with acute jaundice syndrome diagnosis and analyzed the data using Microsoft Excel. A total of 81 persons were affected with the acute jaundice syndrome. Among those, 37 (46%) were females and 44 (54%) were males. The median age of patients was 7 years with range 1-40 years old. The overall attack rate of the outbreak was 27 per 100,000. The age of patients ranged from 1 to 40 years. Out of 18 tested samples, 11 (61%) were positive for Hepatitis A. From the total cases listed, 44 (45%) were from the local community and 37 (46%) were from the internally displaced people (IDP). The outbreak lasted from February to August 2017. Hepatitis A was confirmed affecting people below 40 years of ages in Dolo zone, Somali region, Ethiopia in 2017 and there will be no way that it cannot cause illness again.
VL - 4
IS - 3
ER -

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Author Information

Desalegn Belay

Center for Public Health Emergency Management, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Mikias Alayu

Center for Public Health Emergency Management, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Abiy Girmay

World Health Organization Country Office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Desalegn Belay, Mikias Alayu, Abiy Girmay. (2019). Hepatitis A Virus Outbreak in Eastern Ethiopia, 2017: Descriptive Analysis. International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 4(3), 40-43. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20190403.12

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ACS Style

Desalegn Belay; Mikias Alayu; Abiy Girmay. Hepatitis A Virus Outbreak in Eastern Ethiopia, 2017: Descriptive Analysis. Int. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2019, 4(3), 40-43. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20190403.12

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AMA Style

Desalegn Belay, Mikias Alayu, Abiy Girmay. Hepatitis A Virus Outbreak in Eastern Ethiopia, 2017: Descriptive Analysis. Int J Infect Dis Ther. 2019;4(3):40-43. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20190403.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijidt.20190403.12,
  author = {Desalegn Belay and Mikias Alayu and Abiy Girmay},
  title = {Hepatitis A Virus Outbreak in Eastern Ethiopia, 2017: Descriptive Analysis},
  journal = {International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {40-43},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijidt.20190403.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20190403.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijidt.20190403.12},
  abstract = {Hepatitis A virus is a non-enveloped, single-stranded, linear ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus Hepatovirus from the Picornaviridae. It is transmitted by ingestion of food contaminated by fecal matter. Gastrointestinal symptoms with Fever, fatigue, yellowing of the skin or eyes, light-colored feces and dark-colored urine are among symptoms. It is a cause of death for 15 000 annually around the globe. The objective of this study is to describe hepatitis A outbreak in in terms of person, place and time. We investigated the outbreak to describe the cases and to identify the etiology. Medical records and line list were reviewed and descriptive data analysis was performed. Serum samples were tested by Immunoglobulin M (IgM) enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. We included all 81 cases with acute jaundice syndrome diagnosis and analyzed the data using Microsoft Excel. A total of 81 persons were affected with the acute jaundice syndrome. Among those, 37 (46%) were females and 44 (54%) were males. The median age of patients was 7 years with range 1-40 years old. The overall attack rate of the outbreak was 27 per 100,000. The age of patients ranged from 1 to 40 years. Out of 18 tested samples, 11 (61%) were positive for Hepatitis A. From the total cases listed, 44 (45%) were from the local community and 37 (46%) were from the internally displaced people (IDP). The outbreak lasted from February to August 2017. Hepatitis A was confirmed affecting people below 40 years of ages in Dolo zone, Somali region, Ethiopia in 2017 and there will be no way that it cannot cause illness again.},
 year = {2019}
}

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