Evaporative Coolers Air Conditioners Devices as a Source of <i>Legionella Pneumophila</i> in Khartoum State, Sudan and Recommended Measures of Control

Reem Mohamed Elfatih Ali Elsanousi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmb.20200503.13

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Evaporative Coolers Air Conditioners Devices as a Source of Legionella Pneumophila in Khartoum State, Sudan and Recommended Measures of Control

Reem Mohamed Elfatih Ali Elsanousi

Published in International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology (Volume 5, Issue 3)

Received: 8 May 2020 Accepted: 29 May 2020 Published: 9 June 2020

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Abstract

This study was designed to substantiate the role of the evaporative coolers air conditioners in the proliferation of the genus Legionella. In addition to sort out, isolate and identify the genus Legionella including Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease and Pontiac fever from a new source. This type of air conditioners depends on water in their operation. They cool the air by filtering it through evaporation of water which is widely used in the Sudan. The evaporative air conditioning units considered as reservoirs of the ubiquitous bacteria which it harbored by amoeba. Legionella species can proliferate in amoeba and in biofilms that promote the growth of the bacteria even in the bad conditions. The study was done in Khartoum State including different premises from which water samples of evaporative coolers air conditioners were collected. Five hundred and fifty five water samples were collected, treated, cultured, identified and confirmed by gold standard culture technique using Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract Agar (BCYE - α medium), Glycine Vancomycin Polymxin-Cycloheximide Agar (G V P C Medium) and biochemical techniques well as Real Time PCR test. The results of Legionella species obtained from this study were 42.3% of the total collected samples with a rate of 11% for Legionella pneumophila. Recommended measures of control must be applied including this type of air conditioners to prevent Legionella out breaks.

Published in	International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology (Volume 5, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmb.20200503.13
Page(s)	93-96
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Evaporative Coolers Air Conditioners Devices, Legionella pneumophila, Control Measures

References

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[14]	Junge – Mathys, E., and Mathys, W (1994). Die Legionellose – ein BeispielfürumweltbedingteInfektionen. [ Legionellosis – an example of environmentally caused infections] Intensiv, 2. 29–33.
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APA Style

Reem Mohamed Elfatih Ali Elsanousi. (2020). Evaporative Coolers Air Conditioners Devices as a Source of Legionella Pneumophila in Khartoum State, Sudan and Recommended Measures of Control. International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 5(3), 93-96. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20200503.13

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ACS Style

Reem Mohamed Elfatih Ali Elsanousi. Evaporative Coolers Air Conditioners Devices as a Source of Legionella Pneumophila in Khartoum State, Sudan and Recommended Measures of Control. Int. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2020, 5(3), 93-96. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmb.20200503.13

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AMA Style

Reem Mohamed Elfatih Ali Elsanousi. Evaporative Coolers Air Conditioners Devices as a Source of Legionella Pneumophila in Khartoum State, Sudan and Recommended Measures of Control. Int J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020;5(3):93-96. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmb.20200503.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmb.20200503.13,
  author = {Reem Mohamed Elfatih Ali Elsanousi},
  title = {Evaporative Coolers Air Conditioners Devices as a Source of Legionella Pneumophila in Khartoum State, Sudan and Recommended Measures of Control},
  journal = {International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {93-96},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmb.20200503.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20200503.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmb.20200503.13},
  abstract = {This study was designed to substantiate the role of the evaporative coolers air conditioners in the proliferation of the genus Legionella. In addition to sort out, isolate and identify the genus Legionella including Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease and Pontiac fever from a new source. This type of air conditioners depends on water in their operation. They cool the air by filtering it through evaporation of water which is widely used in the Sudan. The evaporative air conditioning units considered as reservoirs of the ubiquitous bacteria which it harbored by amoeba. Legionella species can proliferate in amoeba and in biofilms that promote the growth of the bacteria even in the bad conditions. The study was done in Khartoum State including different premises from which water samples of evaporative coolers air conditioners were collected. Five hundred and fifty five water samples were collected, treated, cultured, identified and confirmed by gold standard culture technique using Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract Agar (BCYE - α medium), Glycine Vancomycin Polymxin-Cycloheximide Agar (G V P C Medium) and biochemical techniques well as Real Time PCR test. The results of Legionella species obtained from this study were 42.3% of the total collected samples with a rate of 11% for Legionella pneumophila. Recommended measures of control must be applied including this type of air conditioners to prevent Legionella out breaks.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaporative Coolers Air Conditioners Devices as a Source of Legionella Pneumophila in Khartoum State, Sudan and Recommended Measures of Control
AU  - Reem Mohamed Elfatih Ali Elsanousi
Y1  - 2020/06/09
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20200503.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmb.20200503.13
T2  - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
JF  - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
JO  - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
SP  - 93
EP  - 96
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-9686
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20200503.13
AB  - This study was designed to substantiate the role of the evaporative coolers air conditioners in the proliferation of the genus Legionella. In addition to sort out, isolate and identify the genus Legionella including Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease and Pontiac fever from a new source. This type of air conditioners depends on water in their operation. They cool the air by filtering it through evaporation of water which is widely used in the Sudan. The evaporative air conditioning units considered as reservoirs of the ubiquitous bacteria which it harbored by amoeba. Legionella species can proliferate in amoeba and in biofilms that promote the growth of the bacteria even in the bad conditions. The study was done in Khartoum State including different premises from which water samples of evaporative coolers air conditioners were collected. Five hundred and fifty five water samples were collected, treated, cultured, identified and confirmed by gold standard culture technique using Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract Agar (BCYE - α medium), Glycine Vancomycin Polymxin-Cycloheximide Agar (G V P C Medium) and biochemical techniques well as Real Time PCR test. The results of Legionella species obtained from this study were 42.3% of the total collected samples with a rate of 11% for Legionella pneumophila. Recommended measures of control must be applied including this type of air conditioners to prevent Legionella out breaks.
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Reem Mohamed Elfatih Ali Elsanousi

Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Bahri, Khartoum, Sudan

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APA Style

Reem Mohamed Elfatih Ali Elsanousi. (2020). Evaporative Coolers Air Conditioners Devices as a Source of Legionella Pneumophila in Khartoum State, Sudan and Recommended Measures of Control. International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 5(3), 93-96. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20200503.13

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ACS Style

Reem Mohamed Elfatih Ali Elsanousi. Evaporative Coolers Air Conditioners Devices as a Source of Legionella Pneumophila in Khartoum State, Sudan and Recommended Measures of Control. Int. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2020, 5(3), 93-96. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmb.20200503.13

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AMA Style

Reem Mohamed Elfatih Ali Elsanousi. Evaporative Coolers Air Conditioners Devices as a Source of Legionella Pneumophila in Khartoum State, Sudan and Recommended Measures of Control. Int J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020;5(3):93-96. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmb.20200503.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmb.20200503.13,
  author = {Reem Mohamed Elfatih Ali Elsanousi},
  title = {Evaporative Coolers Air Conditioners Devices as a Source of Legionella Pneumophila in Khartoum State, Sudan and Recommended Measures of Control},
  journal = {International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {93-96},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmb.20200503.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20200503.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmb.20200503.13},
  abstract = {This study was designed to substantiate the role of the evaporative coolers air conditioners in the proliferation of the genus Legionella. In addition to sort out, isolate and identify the genus Legionella including Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease and Pontiac fever from a new source. This type of air conditioners depends on water in their operation. They cool the air by filtering it through evaporation of water which is widely used in the Sudan. The evaporative air conditioning units considered as reservoirs of the ubiquitous bacteria which it harbored by amoeba. Legionella species can proliferate in amoeba and in biofilms that promote the growth of the bacteria even in the bad conditions. The study was done in Khartoum State including different premises from which water samples of evaporative coolers air conditioners were collected. Five hundred and fifty five water samples were collected, treated, cultured, identified and confirmed by gold standard culture technique using Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract Agar (BCYE - α medium), Glycine Vancomycin Polymxin-Cycloheximide Agar (G V P C Medium) and biochemical techniques well as Real Time PCR test. The results of Legionella species obtained from this study were 42.3% of the total collected samples with a rate of 11% for Legionella pneumophila. Recommended measures of control must be applied including this type of air conditioners to prevent Legionella out breaks.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaporative Coolers Air Conditioners Devices as a Source of Legionella Pneumophila in Khartoum State, Sudan and Recommended Measures of Control
AU  - Reem Mohamed Elfatih Ali Elsanousi
Y1  - 2020/06/09
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20200503.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmb.20200503.13
T2  - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
JF  - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
JO  - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
SP  - 93
EP  - 96
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-9686
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20200503.13
AB  - This study was designed to substantiate the role of the evaporative coolers air conditioners in the proliferation of the genus Legionella. In addition to sort out, isolate and identify the genus Legionella including Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease and Pontiac fever from a new source. This type of air conditioners depends on water in their operation. They cool the air by filtering it through evaporation of water which is widely used in the Sudan. The evaporative air conditioning units considered as reservoirs of the ubiquitous bacteria which it harbored by amoeba. Legionella species can proliferate in amoeba and in biofilms that promote the growth of the bacteria even in the bad conditions. The study was done in Khartoum State including different premises from which water samples of evaporative coolers air conditioners were collected. Five hundred and fifty five water samples were collected, treated, cultured, identified and confirmed by gold standard culture technique using Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract Agar (BCYE - α medium), Glycine Vancomycin Polymxin-Cycloheximide Agar (G V P C Medium) and biochemical techniques well as Real Time PCR test. The results of Legionella species obtained from this study were 42.3% of the total collected samples with a rate of 11% for Legionella pneumophila. Recommended measures of control must be applied including this type of air conditioners to prevent Legionella out breaks.
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
ER  -

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