Kugel Ball as an Interesting Application of Designing the Hydrosphere

Ahmad Waguih Yacout Elescandarany

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmea.20210901.15

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Kugel Ball as an Interesting Application of Designing the Hydrosphere

Ahmad Waguih Yacout Elescandarany

Published in International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications (Volume 9, Issue 1)

Received: 3 February 2021 Accepted: 14 February 2021 Published: 10 March 2021

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Abstract

Analytical solutions are not available for the partial hemispherical hydrosphere which called as the Kugel ball fountain or the Kugel ball. However, this study offers a comprehensive idea about this phenomenon presenting a design map that gives a panoramic sight enabling the designers to easily choose whatever specifications needed for their fountain. Through simplifying the author previous formulae for this type of bearings, this paper removes the mystery of the Kugel ball phenomenon and shows that no complicated mathematic or physics are needed, as believed, to be grasped for producing such fountains. A new simple design technique is used and the most two famous fountains (at the House of Science in Patras, Greece and the largest at the Science Museum of Virginia, Richmond, USA.) are checked as an application of this design. One of the most important side results of this study is finding the equilibrium point, discovered in the author previous papers, which was considered as the equilibrium point between the forces of centripetal inertia, viscosity and friction due to the surface roughness. It becomes clear that this point is a natural characteristic of this type of bearings.

Published in	International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications (Volume 9, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmea.20210901.15
Page(s)	25-32
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Kugel Ball Mathematics, Externally Pressurized Bearings, Spherical Bearings, Surface Roughness, Hydrostatic Bearings Design

References

[1]	Fountain Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugel_fountain.
[2]	The hydrosphere, A new hydrodynamic bearing," Shaw M. C. and Strang C. D. “The annual meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1948, 137-146. https://sites.google.com/umich.edu/shihlabs/prof-milton-shaw/manuscript-of-professor-milton-shaw.
[3]	Discussion of Show and Strang hydrosphere, a new hydrodynamic bearing, “Block H. and Cameron A. “Transaction of ASME J. Appl. Mech. 1949, Vol. 71, 93-102.
[4]	Fluid-inertia effects in spherical hydrostatic thrust bearings, “Dowson D. and Taylor C. M. “ASLE, Transaction, 1967, 10, 3, 316-321. https://doi.org/10.1080/05698196708972189.
[5]	Re-examination of hydrosphere performance, "Dowson D. and Taylor C. M. “ASLE, Transaction, 1967, 10, 3, 325-333. https://doi.org/10.1080/05698196708972189.
[6]	The combined effects of the centripetal inertia and the surface roughness on the hydrostatic thrust spherical bearings performance, Ahmad W. Yacout, Ashraf S. Ismail, Sadek Z. Kassab,’ Tribology International, 2007, 40 (3), 522-532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2006.05.007.
[7]	W., Ismail A. S. and Kassab S. Z.,” The Surface Roughness Effect on the Hydrostatic Thrust Spherical Bearings Performance (part 2 un-recessed clearance type), ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE2006-13004. https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2006-13004.
[8]	Yacout A. W., Ismail A. S. and Kassab S. Z.,” The Surface Roughness Effect on the Hydrostatic Thrust Spherical Bearings Performance (Part 3 recessed clearance type of bearings), “ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE 2007 -41013. https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2007-41013.
[9]	The Effect of the fluid Film variable viscosity on the hydrostatic thrust spherical bearing performance in the presence of centripetal inertia and surface roughness,’ Ahmad W. Y. Elescandarany, ’International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications, 2018, 6 (1), 1-12. https://doi:10.11648/j.ijmea.20180601.11.
[10]	Design of the Hydrostatic thrust spherical bearing with restrictors (Fitted type), “Ahmad W. Y. Elescandarany’ International, “Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications, 2019, 7 (2), 34-45. https://doi:10.11648/j.ijmea.20190702.11.
[11]	Design of Self-restriction Hydrostatic Thrust Spherical Bearing (Fitted Type)’ Ahmad W. Y. Elescandarany’ International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications, 2019, 7 (4), 111-122. https://doi:10.11648/j.ijmea.20190704.14.
[12]	Physics of the granite sphere fountain,’Jacco H. Snoeijer and Ko van der Weele, ‘American Journal of Physics 2014, 82, 1029. https://doi: 10.1119/1.4886365.
[13]	The dynamics of the globe fountain, ’Serge D’Alessio and J. P. Pascal, ’AFM 2016, September 5-7, Ancona, Italy. https://doi:10.2495/cmem-V4-N2-131-141.
[14]	A review of the design and optimization of large-scale hydrostatic bearing systems, “Michal Michalec, Petr Svoboda, Ivan Krˇupka, Martin Hartl,” Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal (JESTECH), 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2021.01.010
[15]	A review of hydrostatic bearing system: Researches and applications,” Zhifeng Liu, YumoWang, Ligang Cai, Yongsheng Zhao, Qiang Cheng and Xiangmin Dong, “Advances in Mechanical, Engineering 2017, Vol. 9 (10) 1–27 DOI: 10.1177/1687814017730536.

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Ahmad Waguih Yacout Elescandarany. (2021). Kugel Ball as an Interesting Application of Designing the Hydrosphere. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications, 9(1), 25-32. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20210901.15

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ACS Style

Ahmad Waguih Yacout Elescandarany. Kugel Ball as an Interesting Application of Designing the Hydrosphere. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Appl. 2021, 9(1), 25-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20210901.15

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AMA Style

Ahmad Waguih Yacout Elescandarany. Kugel Ball as an Interesting Application of Designing the Hydrosphere. Int J Mech Eng Appl. 2021;9(1):25-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20210901.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmea.20210901.15,
  author = {Ahmad Waguih Yacout Elescandarany},
  title = {Kugel Ball as an Interesting Application of Designing the Hydrosphere},
  journal = {International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {25-32},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmea.20210901.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20210901.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmea.20210901.15},
  abstract = {Analytical solutions are not available for the partial hemispherical hydrosphere which called as the Kugel ball fountain or the Kugel ball. However, this study offers a comprehensive idea about this phenomenon presenting a design map that gives a panoramic sight enabling the designers to easily choose whatever specifications needed for their fountain. Through simplifying the author previous formulae for this type of bearings, this paper removes the mystery of the Kugel ball phenomenon and shows that no complicated mathematic or physics are needed, as believed, to be grasped for producing such fountains. A new simple design technique is used and the most two famous fountains (at the House of Science in Patras, Greece and the largest at the Science Museum of Virginia, Richmond, USA.) are checked as an application of this design. One of the most important side results of this study is finding the equilibrium point, discovered in the author previous papers, which was considered as the equilibrium point between the forces of centripetal inertia, viscosity and friction due to the surface roughness. It becomes clear that this point is a natural characteristic of this type of bearings.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Kugel Ball as an Interesting Application of Designing the Hydrosphere
AU  - Ahmad Waguih Yacout Elescandarany
Y1  - 2021/03/10
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20210901.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmea.20210901.15
T2  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
SP  - 25
EP  - 32
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0248
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20210901.15
AB  - Analytical solutions are not available for the partial hemispherical hydrosphere which called as the Kugel ball fountain or the Kugel ball. However, this study offers a comprehensive idea about this phenomenon presenting a design map that gives a panoramic sight enabling the designers to easily choose whatever specifications needed for their fountain. Through simplifying the author previous formulae for this type of bearings, this paper removes the mystery of the Kugel ball phenomenon and shows that no complicated mathematic or physics are needed, as believed, to be grasped for producing such fountains. A new simple design technique is used and the most two famous fountains (at the House of Science in Patras, Greece and the largest at the Science Museum of Virginia, Richmond, USA.) are checked as an application of this design. One of the most important side results of this study is finding the equilibrium point, discovered in the author previous papers, which was considered as the equilibrium point between the forces of centripetal inertia, viscosity and friction due to the surface roughness. It becomes clear that this point is a natural characteristic of this type of bearings.
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Ahmad Waguih Yacout Elescandarany

Mechanical Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

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APA Style

Ahmad Waguih Yacout Elescandarany. (2021). Kugel Ball as an Interesting Application of Designing the Hydrosphere. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications, 9(1), 25-32. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20210901.15

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ACS Style

Ahmad Waguih Yacout Elescandarany. Kugel Ball as an Interesting Application of Designing the Hydrosphere. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Appl. 2021, 9(1), 25-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20210901.15

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AMA Style

Ahmad Waguih Yacout Elescandarany. Kugel Ball as an Interesting Application of Designing the Hydrosphere. Int J Mech Eng Appl. 2021;9(1):25-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20210901.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmea.20210901.15,
  author = {Ahmad Waguih Yacout Elescandarany},
  title = {Kugel Ball as an Interesting Application of Designing the Hydrosphere},
  journal = {International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {25-32},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmea.20210901.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20210901.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmea.20210901.15},
  abstract = {Analytical solutions are not available for the partial hemispherical hydrosphere which called as the Kugel ball fountain or the Kugel ball. However, this study offers a comprehensive idea about this phenomenon presenting a design map that gives a panoramic sight enabling the designers to easily choose whatever specifications needed for their fountain. Through simplifying the author previous formulae for this type of bearings, this paper removes the mystery of the Kugel ball phenomenon and shows that no complicated mathematic or physics are needed, as believed, to be grasped for producing such fountains. A new simple design technique is used and the most two famous fountains (at the House of Science in Patras, Greece and the largest at the Science Museum of Virginia, Richmond, USA.) are checked as an application of this design. One of the most important side results of this study is finding the equilibrium point, discovered in the author previous papers, which was considered as the equilibrium point between the forces of centripetal inertia, viscosity and friction due to the surface roughness. It becomes clear that this point is a natural characteristic of this type of bearings.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Kugel Ball as an Interesting Application of Designing the Hydrosphere
AU  - Ahmad Waguih Yacout Elescandarany
Y1  - 2021/03/10
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20210901.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmea.20210901.15
T2  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
SP  - 25
EP  - 32
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0248
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20210901.15
AB  - Analytical solutions are not available for the partial hemispherical hydrosphere which called as the Kugel ball fountain or the Kugel ball. However, this study offers a comprehensive idea about this phenomenon presenting a design map that gives a panoramic sight enabling the designers to easily choose whatever specifications needed for their fountain. Through simplifying the author previous formulae for this type of bearings, this paper removes the mystery of the Kugel ball phenomenon and shows that no complicated mathematic or physics are needed, as believed, to be grasped for producing such fountains. A new simple design technique is used and the most two famous fountains (at the House of Science in Patras, Greece and the largest at the Science Museum of Virginia, Richmond, USA.) are checked as an application of this design. One of the most important side results of this study is finding the equilibrium point, discovered in the author previous papers, which was considered as the equilibrium point between the forces of centripetal inertia, viscosity and friction due to the surface roughness. It becomes clear that this point is a natural characteristic of this type of bearings.
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download