Recent studies have shown that strong acid digestions for the determination of heavy metals in soils and sediments can be misleading when assessing environmental effects. Therefore, this study adopted the use of modified community bureau of reference (BCR) sequential extraction scheme in order to overcome the limitation. The physicochemical properties of the soil such as pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil organic matter (SOM) were determined. The pH, CEC and SOM were found to be 5.90, 0.0023 cmol/kg and 99.8% respectively. The concentrations of the heavy metals in the solution were also measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Pseudo total metal content in the soil (aqua-reqia digestions) for cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel, zinc and copper were 0.12, 0.74, 0.48, 0.26, 15.9 and 11.0 mg/kg respectively. These concentrations are within the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit in agricultural soils. The heavy metals were partitioned into four fractions (exchangeable, reducible, oxidizable and residual fractions) in the soil using modified BCR sequential extraction. Cd, Zn and Cu were predominantly in the first two fractions, thus, mobile and bioavailable for plant uptake, while Pb, Cr and Ni were found in the last two fractions (less mobile and immobile residual fractions). Thus, Cd, Zn and Cu may pose high environmental risk. The results indicate the reliability of the Modified BCR scheme in risk assessment of heavy metals in soils.
| Published in | International Journal of Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy (Volume 2, Issue 5) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijmpem.20170205.13 |
| Page(s) | 79-82 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Heavy Metal, Modified BCR Sequential Extraction, Soil Pollution, Bioavailability, Metal Partitioning
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APA Style
Hafsat Tukur Rumah, Labaran Salihu, Baba Bukar Alhaji. (2017). Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Soil Using Modified BCR Sequential Extraction. International Journal of Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 2(5), 79-82. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmpem.20170205.13
ACS Style
Hafsat Tukur Rumah; Labaran Salihu; Baba Bukar Alhaji. Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Soil Using Modified BCR Sequential Extraction. Int. J. Miner. Process. Extr. Metall. 2017, 2(5), 79-82. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmpem.20170205.13
AMA Style
Hafsat Tukur Rumah, Labaran Salihu, Baba Bukar Alhaji. Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Soil Using Modified BCR Sequential Extraction. Int J Miner Process Extr Metall. 2017;2(5):79-82. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmpem.20170205.13
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ijmpem.20170205.13,
author = {Hafsat Tukur Rumah and Labaran Salihu and Baba Bukar Alhaji},
title = {Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Soil Using Modified BCR Sequential Extraction},
journal = {International Journal of Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy},
volume = {2},
number = {5},
pages = {79-82},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijmpem.20170205.13},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmpem.20170205.13},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmpem.20170205.13},
abstract = {Recent studies have shown that strong acid digestions for the determination of heavy metals in soils and sediments can be misleading when assessing environmental effects. Therefore, this study adopted the use of modified community bureau of reference (BCR) sequential extraction scheme in order to overcome the limitation. The physicochemical properties of the soil such as pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil organic matter (SOM) were determined. The pH, CEC and SOM were found to be 5.90, 0.0023 cmol/kg and 99.8% respectively. The concentrations of the heavy metals in the solution were also measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Pseudo total metal content in the soil (aqua-reqia digestions) for cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel, zinc and copper were 0.12, 0.74, 0.48, 0.26, 15.9 and 11.0 mg/kg respectively. These concentrations are within the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit in agricultural soils. The heavy metals were partitioned into four fractions (exchangeable, reducible, oxidizable and residual fractions) in the soil using modified BCR sequential extraction. Cd, Zn and Cu were predominantly in the first two fractions, thus, mobile and bioavailable for plant uptake, while Pb, Cr and Ni were found in the last two fractions (less mobile and immobile residual fractions). Thus, Cd, Zn and Cu may pose high environmental risk. The results indicate the reliability of the Modified BCR scheme in risk assessment of heavy metals in soils.},
year = {2017}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Soil Using Modified BCR Sequential Extraction AU - Hafsat Tukur Rumah AU - Labaran Salihu AU - Baba Bukar Alhaji Y1 - 2017/10/23 PY - 2017 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmpem.20170205.13 DO - 10.11648/j.ijmpem.20170205.13 T2 - International Journal of Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy JF - International Journal of Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy JO - International Journal of Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy SP - 79 EP - 82 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-1859 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmpem.20170205.13 AB - Recent studies have shown that strong acid digestions for the determination of heavy metals in soils and sediments can be misleading when assessing environmental effects. Therefore, this study adopted the use of modified community bureau of reference (BCR) sequential extraction scheme in order to overcome the limitation. The physicochemical properties of the soil such as pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil organic matter (SOM) were determined. The pH, CEC and SOM were found to be 5.90, 0.0023 cmol/kg and 99.8% respectively. The concentrations of the heavy metals in the solution were also measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Pseudo total metal content in the soil (aqua-reqia digestions) for cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel, zinc and copper were 0.12, 0.74, 0.48, 0.26, 15.9 and 11.0 mg/kg respectively. These concentrations are within the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit in agricultural soils. The heavy metals were partitioned into four fractions (exchangeable, reducible, oxidizable and residual fractions) in the soil using modified BCR sequential extraction. Cd, Zn and Cu were predominantly in the first two fractions, thus, mobile and bioavailable for plant uptake, while Pb, Cr and Ni were found in the last two fractions (less mobile and immobile residual fractions). Thus, Cd, Zn and Cu may pose high environmental risk. The results indicate the reliability of the Modified BCR scheme in risk assessment of heavy metals in soils. VL - 2 IS - 5 ER -
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