In Kenya, 51.2% of estimated women population of 11 million aged 15 years and older are at risk of developing cervical cancer. Research shows that screening a woman even once between the ages of 35 and 40 years reduces her lifetime risk of cervical cancer by 25–36%. However, the effective cervical cancer screening in developing countries is as low as 18.5%. Low levels of utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Services (CCSS) among health care workers have been documented. This study sought to determine the utilization of cervical cancer screening services by healthcare workers (HCWs) in selected health facilities in Machakos County. It was also thought imperative to determine individual HCW attributes influencing utilization of cervical cancer screening services in selected health care facilities in the county. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional study design involving 271 female health workers drawn from all the level 4 and level 5 facilities within the county. Respondents were stratified according to level of facility and according to their cadres. Data was collected via self-administered questionnaires and a facility assessment tool. Data analysis used SPSS version 21. Association was subjected to binary logistic regression. Only 25% of HCWs had utilized cervical cancer screening services. HCWs who had certificate (OR = 0.05, p-value < 0.01), diploma (OR = 0.04, p-value < 0.01) and degrees (OR = 0.09, p-value = 0.01) were less likely to utilize CCSS as compared to HWCs who had attained graduate studies or higher. Also health workers aged 30 years and below (OR = 0.12, p-value = 0.01) and those aged between 31 and 40 years (OR = 0.30, p-value = 0.05) were less likely to utilize CCSS as compared to healthcare workers who were aged more than 50 years. The study recommends establishment of tailor-made sensitization programs on young female health care worker aimed at increasing their uptake of CCSS services among these group.
| Published in | Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research (Volume 6, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.jctr.20180601.11 |
| Page(s) | 1-6 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Cervical Cancer, Cervical Cancer Screening Services, Female Healthcare Workers, Individual Attributes
| [1] | Robert A. Smith et al., "Cancer screening in the United States, 2015: A review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening," CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 30-54, 2015, doi:10.3322/caac.21261. |
| [2] | Jean Damascène Makuza et al., "Prevalence and risk factors for cervical cancer and pre-cancerous lesions in Rwanda," The Pan African Medical Journal, vol. 22, no. 26, 2015, doi: 10.11604/pamj.2015.22.26.7116. |
| [3] | Frida S Lyimo and Tanya N Beran, "Demographic, knowledge, attitudinal, and accessibility factors associated with uptake of cervical cancer screening among women in a rural district of Tanzania: Three public policy implications," BMC Public Health, vol. 12, no. 22, 2012, doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-22. |
| [4] | I. O. G. Owoeye and I. A Ibrahim, "Knowledge and attitude towards cervical cancer screening among female students and staff in a tertiary institution in the Niger Delta," International Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 48-56, 2013, http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijmbr/article/view/91935/88225. |
| [5] | Hyacinth I. Hyacinth, Oluwatoyosi A. Adekeye, Joy N. Ibeh, and Tolulope Osoba, "Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Awareness and Utilization of Pap Smear Test among Federal Civil Servants in North Central Nigeria," PLoS One, vol. 7, no. 10, p. e46583, 2012, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046583. |
| [6] | Freddie Bray, Jian-Song Ren, Eric Masuyer, and Jacques Ferlay, "lobal estimates of cancer prevalence for 27 sites in the adult population in 2008," International Journal of Cancer, vol. 132, no. 5, pp. 1133–1145, 2013, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ijc.27711/pdf. |
| [7] | International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). (2013) The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). [Online]. https://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2013/pdfs/pr223_E.pdf. |
| [8] | Ministry of Medical Services & Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, The National Cervical Cancer Prevention Strategic Plan (2012 -2015). Nairobi: Ministry of Medical Services & Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, 2012. |
| [9] | L Bruni et al., "Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases in Kenya," Barcelona, Spain, Summary Report 2016-02-26 2016. |
| [10] | Sarah Finocchario-Kessler et al., "Cervical cancer prevention and treatment research in Africa: a systematic review from a public health perspective," BMC Women's Health, vol. 16, no. 29, pp. 1-25, 2016, DOI: 10.1186/s12905-016-0306-6. |
| [11] | Sue J. Goldie et al., "Cost-Effectiveness of Cervical-Cancer Screening in Five Developing Countries," The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 353, pp. 2158-2168, 2005, DOI: 10.1056/NEJMsa044278. |
| [12] | Lucy W Kivuti-Bitok, Ganesh P Pokhariyal, Roudsari Abdul, and Geoff McDonnell, "An exploration of opportunities and challenges facing cervical cancer managers in Kenya," BMC Research Notes, vol. 6, no. 136, pp. 1-10, 2013, doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-136. |
| [13] | Prudence Creighton et al., "Cervical cancer screening in Australia: modelled evaluation of the impact of changing the recommended interval from two to three years," BMC Public Health, vol. 10, no. 374, pp. 1-14, 2010, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-734. |
| [14] | Oyedunni Sola Arulogun and Opemipo Olubunmi Maxwell, "Perception and utilization of cervical cancer screening services among female nurses in University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria," The Pan African Medical Journal, vol. 11, no. 69, pp. 1-8, 2012, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3361207/. |
| [15] | Emmanuela Gakidou, Stella Nordhagen, and Ziad Obermeyer, "Coverage of Cervical Cancer Screening in 57 Countries: Low Average Levels and Large Inequalities," PLoS Medicine, vol. 5, no. 6, p. e132, 2008, doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050132. |
| [16] | Alok Goyal, Gunvant Vaishnav, Anjani Shrivastava, Ragini Verma, and Anjali Modi, "Knowledge, attitude & practices about cervical cancer and screening among nursing staff in a teaching hospital," International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 249-253, 2013, http://www.scopemed.org/?mno=30507. |
| [17] | Etienne Asonganyi et al., "Factors Affecting Compliance with Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pap Smear Screening among Healthcare Providers in Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Summary of 2045 Individuals," PLoS ONE, vol. 8, no. 9, p. e72712, 2013, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072712. |
| [18] | Innocent O. Maranga et al., "Analysis of Factors Contributing to the Low Survival of Cervical Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy in Kenya," PLoS One, vol. 8, no. 10, p. e78411, 2013, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078411. |
| [19] | Mihret Gebreegziabher, Nigus Gebremedhin Asefa, and Semarya Berhe, "Factors Affecting the Practices of Cervical Cancer Screening among Female Nurses at Public Health Institutions in Mekelle Town, Northern Ethiopia, 2014: A Cross-Sectional Study," Journal of Cancer Research, vol. 2016, no. 2016, p. Article ID 4743075, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4743075. |
| [20] | Adenike O Akhigbe and Vivian O Omuemu, "Knowledge, attitudes and practice of breast cancer screening among female health workers in a Nigerian urban city," BMC Cancer, vol. 9, no. 203, pp. 1-9, 2009, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-203. |
| [21] | Rudolph Kantum Adageba, Kwabena Antwi Danso, Frank Kokroe Ankobea, David Zawumya Kolbilla, and Paul Opoku, "Knowledge of cervical cancer and patronage of cervical cancer screening services among female health workers in Kumasi, Ghana," Afr J Haematol Oncol, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 157-161, 2011. |
| [22] | V Shah, S Vyas, A Singh, and M Shrivastava, "Awareness and knowledge of cervical cancer and its prevention among the nursing staff of a tertiary health institute in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India," Ecancermedicalscience, vol. 6, no. 270, 2012, doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2012.270. |
| [23] | Catherine McCarey et al., "Awareness of HPV and cervical cancer prevention among Cameroonian healthcare workers," BMC Women's Health, vol. 11, no. 45, 2011, DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-11-45. |
| [24] | M. O. Oche, A. U. Kaoje, G Gana, and J. T. Ango, "Cancer of the cervix and cervical screening: Current knowledge, attitude and practices of female health workers in Sokoto, Nigeria," International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 184-190, 2013, http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1378995320_Oche%20et%20al.pdf. |
| [25] | Maisaratu Bakari, Idris Usman Takai, and Mohammed Bukar, "Awareness and utilization of Papanicoloau smear among health care workers in Maiduguri, Nigeria," Niger J Basic Clin Sci, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 34-38, 2015. |
| [26] | O. Awodele et al., "A Study on Cervical Cancer Screening Amongst Nurses in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria," Journal of Cancer Education, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 497–504, 2011, doi: 10.1007/s13187-010-0187-6. |
| [27] | I. O Ehiemere, Maureen Dike Frank, and G. C Robinson-Bassey, "Attitude and practice of cervical cancer screening among female health workers in university of Port-Harcourt teaching hospital, Rivers State," Journal of Research in Nursing and Midwifery, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 072-082, 2015, http:/dx.doi.org/10.14303/JRNM.2015.0125. |
APA Style
Agnes Wavinya Nzioka, Akunga Daniel Nyagetiria, Wanyoro Anthony Karanja. (2018). Individual Attributes Influencing Cervical Cancer Screening Services in Selected Health Facilities in Machakos County. Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research, 6(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20180601.11
ACS Style
Agnes Wavinya Nzioka; Akunga Daniel Nyagetiria; Wanyoro Anthony Karanja. Individual Attributes Influencing Cervical Cancer Screening Services in Selected Health Facilities in Machakos County. J. Cancer Treat. Res. 2018, 6(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.jctr.20180601.11
AMA Style
Agnes Wavinya Nzioka, Akunga Daniel Nyagetiria, Wanyoro Anthony Karanja. Individual Attributes Influencing Cervical Cancer Screening Services in Selected Health Facilities in Machakos County. J Cancer Treat Res. 2018;6(1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.jctr.20180601.11
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.jctr.20180601.11,
author = {Agnes Wavinya Nzioka and Akunga Daniel Nyagetiria and Wanyoro Anthony Karanja},
title = {Individual Attributes Influencing Cervical Cancer Screening Services in Selected Health Facilities in Machakos County},
journal = {Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {1-6},
doi = {10.11648/j.jctr.20180601.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20180601.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jctr.20180601.11},
abstract = {In Kenya, 51.2% of estimated women population of 11 million aged 15 years and older are at risk of developing cervical cancer. Research shows that screening a woman even once between the ages of 35 and 40 years reduces her lifetime risk of cervical cancer by 25–36%. However, the effective cervical cancer screening in developing countries is as low as 18.5%. Low levels of utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Services (CCSS) among health care workers have been documented. This study sought to determine the utilization of cervical cancer screening services by healthcare workers (HCWs) in selected health facilities in Machakos County. It was also thought imperative to determine individual HCW attributes influencing utilization of cervical cancer screening services in selected health care facilities in the county. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional study design involving 271 female health workers drawn from all the level 4 and level 5 facilities within the county. Respondents were stratified according to level of facility and according to their cadres. Data was collected via self-administered questionnaires and a facility assessment tool. Data analysis used SPSS version 21. Association was subjected to binary logistic regression. Only 25% of HCWs had utilized cervical cancer screening services. HCWs who had certificate (OR = 0.05, p-value < 0.01), diploma (OR = 0.04, p-value < 0.01) and degrees (OR = 0.09, p-value = 0.01) were less likely to utilize CCSS as compared to HWCs who had attained graduate studies or higher. Also health workers aged 30 years and below (OR = 0.12, p-value = 0.01) and those aged between 31 and 40 years (OR = 0.30, p-value = 0.05) were less likely to utilize CCSS as compared to healthcare workers who were aged more than 50 years. The study recommends establishment of tailor-made sensitization programs on young female health care worker aimed at increasing their uptake of CCSS services among these group.},
year = {2018}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Individual Attributes Influencing Cervical Cancer Screening Services in Selected Health Facilities in Machakos County AU - Agnes Wavinya Nzioka AU - Akunga Daniel Nyagetiria AU - Wanyoro Anthony Karanja Y1 - 2018/05/07 PY - 2018 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20180601.11 DO - 10.11648/j.jctr.20180601.11 T2 - Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research JF - Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research JO - Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2376-7790 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20180601.11 AB - In Kenya, 51.2% of estimated women population of 11 million aged 15 years and older are at risk of developing cervical cancer. Research shows that screening a woman even once between the ages of 35 and 40 years reduces her lifetime risk of cervical cancer by 25–36%. However, the effective cervical cancer screening in developing countries is as low as 18.5%. Low levels of utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Services (CCSS) among health care workers have been documented. This study sought to determine the utilization of cervical cancer screening services by healthcare workers (HCWs) in selected health facilities in Machakos County. It was also thought imperative to determine individual HCW attributes influencing utilization of cervical cancer screening services in selected health care facilities in the county. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional study design involving 271 female health workers drawn from all the level 4 and level 5 facilities within the county. Respondents were stratified according to level of facility and according to their cadres. Data was collected via self-administered questionnaires and a facility assessment tool. Data analysis used SPSS version 21. Association was subjected to binary logistic regression. Only 25% of HCWs had utilized cervical cancer screening services. HCWs who had certificate (OR = 0.05, p-value < 0.01), diploma (OR = 0.04, p-value < 0.01) and degrees (OR = 0.09, p-value = 0.01) were less likely to utilize CCSS as compared to HWCs who had attained graduate studies or higher. Also health workers aged 30 years and below (OR = 0.12, p-value = 0.01) and those aged between 31 and 40 years (OR = 0.30, p-value = 0.05) were less likely to utilize CCSS as compared to healthcare workers who were aged more than 50 years. The study recommends establishment of tailor-made sensitization programs on young female health care worker aimed at increasing their uptake of CCSS services among these group. VL - 6 IS - 1 ER -
Information
Email: