Ethyl Acetate Extract of <i>Senna alata</i> (L) Roxb Increases Cytotoxicity in the Human Breast, Prostate and Colorectal Cancer Cells

Blessing Onyegeme-Okerenta; Keith Spriggs; Tracey Bradshaw

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jctr.20180603.12

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Ethyl Acetate Extract of Senna alata (L) Roxb Increases Cytotoxicity in the Human Breast, Prostate and Colorectal Cancer Cells

Blessing Onyegeme-Okerenta, Keith Spriggs, Tracey Bradshaw

Published in Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research (Volume 6, Issue 3)

Received: 7 November 2018 Accepted: 22 November 2018 Published: 17 December 2018

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Abstract

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of ethyl acetate extract of Senna alata (L) Roxb on some human carcinomas - MCF 7 (human breast), C4-2WT (prostate), HT 29 and HTC 116 (colorectal) cell lines. Screening assays carried out to determine cytotoxicity include: - MTT (3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), clonogenic cell survival, Trypan Blue exclusion and methylene blue assays. Evaluation of the results showed that the extract strongly decreased the proliferation of the carcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. The minimum concentration of the extract required for 50% inhibition (GI₅₀) of the different cell lines calculated after MTT test were as follows: MCF-7 = 5.90 µg/ml, HCT 29 = 4.97 µg/ml, HCT 116 =11.86 µg/ml and C4-2WT = 9.48 µg/ml. Trypan Blue exclusion assay showed a decrease in the number of viable cells and an increase in the number of non-viable cells over 72 hrs post-treatment with the extract. Methylene blue assay showed that the number of viable cells, when their optical densities were measured over 72 hrs post-treatment, was reduced compared with the control. For clonogenic cell survival, there was an increase in cell proliferation and colony formation in the control cultures. However, cells treated with GI50 and 2X (twice) GI50 concentration of the extract showed a decrease in the number of colonies formed. The results indicate the cytotoxic potentials of the extract and therefore, suggests the use of ethyl acetate leaf extract of Senna alata (L) Roxb in preparing recipes for the management of cancer-related ailments.

Published in	Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research (Volume 6, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.jctr.20180603.12
Page(s)	44-53
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Senna alata (L) Roxb, Carcinoma Cells, Cytotoxicity, Clonogenic Cell Survival Assay

References

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APA Style

Blessing Onyegeme-Okerenta, Keith Spriggs, Tracey Bradshaw. (2018). Ethyl Acetate Extract of Senna alata (L) Roxb Increases Cytotoxicity in the Human Breast, Prostate and Colorectal Cancer Cells. Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research, 6(3), 44-53. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20180603.12

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ACS Style

Blessing Onyegeme-Okerenta; Keith Spriggs; Tracey Bradshaw. Ethyl Acetate Extract of Senna alata (L) Roxb Increases Cytotoxicity in the Human Breast, Prostate and Colorectal Cancer Cells. J. Cancer Treat. Res. 2018, 6(3), 44-53. doi: 10.11648/j.jctr.20180603.12

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AMA Style

Blessing Onyegeme-Okerenta, Keith Spriggs, Tracey Bradshaw. Ethyl Acetate Extract of Senna alata (L) Roxb Increases Cytotoxicity in the Human Breast, Prostate and Colorectal Cancer Cells. J Cancer Treat Res. 2018;6(3):44-53. doi: 10.11648/j.jctr.20180603.12

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@article{10.11648/j.jctr.20180603.12,
  author = {Blessing Onyegeme-Okerenta and Keith Spriggs and Tracey Bradshaw},
  title = {Ethyl Acetate Extract of Senna alata (L) Roxb Increases Cytotoxicity in the Human Breast, Prostate and Colorectal Cancer Cells},
  journal = {Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {44-53},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jctr.20180603.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20180603.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jctr.20180603.12},
  abstract = {The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of ethyl acetate extract of Senna alata (L) Roxb on some human carcinomas - MCF 7 (human breast), C4-2WT (prostate), HT 29 and HTC 116 (colorectal) cell lines. Screening assays carried out to determine cytotoxicity include: - MTT (3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), clonogenic cell survival, Trypan Blue exclusion and methylene blue assays. Evaluation of the results showed that the extract strongly decreased the proliferation of the carcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. The minimum concentration of the extract required for 50% inhibition (GI50) of the different cell lines calculated after MTT test were as follows: MCF-7 = 5.90 µg/ml, HCT 29 = 4.97 µg/ml, HCT 116 =11.86 µg/ml and C4-2WT = 9.48 µg/ml. Trypan Blue exclusion assay showed a decrease in the number of viable cells and an increase in the number of non-viable cells over 72 hrs post-treatment with the extract. Methylene blue assay showed that the number of viable cells, when their optical densities were measured over 72 hrs post-treatment, was reduced compared with the control. For clonogenic cell survival, there was an increase in cell proliferation and colony formation in the control cultures. However, cells treated with GI50 and 2X (twice) GI50 concentration of the extract showed a decrease in the number of colonies formed. The results indicate the cytotoxic potentials of the extract and therefore, suggests the use of ethyl acetate leaf extract of Senna alata (L) Roxb in preparing recipes for the management of cancer-related ailments.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Ethyl Acetate Extract of Senna alata (L) Roxb Increases Cytotoxicity in the Human Breast, Prostate and Colorectal Cancer Cells
AU  - Blessing Onyegeme-Okerenta
AU  - Keith Spriggs
AU  - Tracey Bradshaw
Y1  - 2018/12/17
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20180603.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jctr.20180603.12
T2  - Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research
JF  - Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research
JO  - Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research
SP  - 44
EP  - 53
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7790
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20180603.12
AB  - The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of ethyl acetate extract of Senna alata (L) Roxb on some human carcinomas - MCF 7 (human breast), C4-2WT (prostate), HT 29 and HTC 116 (colorectal) cell lines. Screening assays carried out to determine cytotoxicity include: - MTT (3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), clonogenic cell survival, Trypan Blue exclusion and methylene blue assays. Evaluation of the results showed that the extract strongly decreased the proliferation of the carcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. The minimum concentration of the extract required for 50% inhibition (GI50) of the different cell lines calculated after MTT test were as follows: MCF-7 = 5.90 µg/ml, HCT 29 = 4.97 µg/ml, HCT 116 =11.86 µg/ml and C4-2WT = 9.48 µg/ml. Trypan Blue exclusion assay showed a decrease in the number of viable cells and an increase in the number of non-viable cells over 72 hrs post-treatment with the extract. Methylene blue assay showed that the number of viable cells, when their optical densities were measured over 72 hrs post-treatment, was reduced compared with the control. For clonogenic cell survival, there was an increase in cell proliferation and colony formation in the control cultures. However, cells treated with GI50 and 2X (twice) GI50 concentration of the extract showed a decrease in the number of colonies formed. The results indicate the cytotoxic potentials of the extract and therefore, suggests the use of ethyl acetate leaf extract of Senna alata (L) Roxb in preparing recipes for the management of cancer-related ailments.
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Blessing Onyegeme-Okerenta

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
Keith Spriggs

School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
Tracey Bradshaw

School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

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APA Style

Blessing Onyegeme-Okerenta, Keith Spriggs, Tracey Bradshaw. (2018). Ethyl Acetate Extract of Senna alata (L) Roxb Increases Cytotoxicity in the Human Breast, Prostate and Colorectal Cancer Cells. Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research, 6(3), 44-53. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20180603.12

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ACS Style

Blessing Onyegeme-Okerenta; Keith Spriggs; Tracey Bradshaw. Ethyl Acetate Extract of Senna alata (L) Roxb Increases Cytotoxicity in the Human Breast, Prostate and Colorectal Cancer Cells. J. Cancer Treat. Res. 2018, 6(3), 44-53. doi: 10.11648/j.jctr.20180603.12

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AMA Style

Blessing Onyegeme-Okerenta, Keith Spriggs, Tracey Bradshaw. Ethyl Acetate Extract of Senna alata (L) Roxb Increases Cytotoxicity in the Human Breast, Prostate and Colorectal Cancer Cells. J Cancer Treat Res. 2018;6(3):44-53. doi: 10.11648/j.jctr.20180603.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jctr.20180603.12,
  author = {Blessing Onyegeme-Okerenta and Keith Spriggs and Tracey Bradshaw},
  title = {Ethyl Acetate Extract of Senna alata (L) Roxb Increases Cytotoxicity in the Human Breast, Prostate and Colorectal Cancer Cells},
  journal = {Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {44-53},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jctr.20180603.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20180603.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jctr.20180603.12},
  abstract = {The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of ethyl acetate extract of Senna alata (L) Roxb on some human carcinomas - MCF 7 (human breast), C4-2WT (prostate), HT 29 and HTC 116 (colorectal) cell lines. Screening assays carried out to determine cytotoxicity include: - MTT (3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), clonogenic cell survival, Trypan Blue exclusion and methylene blue assays. Evaluation of the results showed that the extract strongly decreased the proliferation of the carcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. The minimum concentration of the extract required for 50% inhibition (GI50) of the different cell lines calculated after MTT test were as follows: MCF-7 = 5.90 µg/ml, HCT 29 = 4.97 µg/ml, HCT 116 =11.86 µg/ml and C4-2WT = 9.48 µg/ml. Trypan Blue exclusion assay showed a decrease in the number of viable cells and an increase in the number of non-viable cells over 72 hrs post-treatment with the extract. Methylene blue assay showed that the number of viable cells, when their optical densities were measured over 72 hrs post-treatment, was reduced compared with the control. For clonogenic cell survival, there was an increase in cell proliferation and colony formation in the control cultures. However, cells treated with GI50 and 2X (twice) GI50 concentration of the extract showed a decrease in the number of colonies formed. The results indicate the cytotoxic potentials of the extract and therefore, suggests the use of ethyl acetate leaf extract of Senna alata (L) Roxb in preparing recipes for the management of cancer-related ailments.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Ethyl Acetate Extract of Senna alata (L) Roxb Increases Cytotoxicity in the Human Breast, Prostate and Colorectal Cancer Cells
AU  - Blessing Onyegeme-Okerenta
AU  - Keith Spriggs
AU  - Tracey Bradshaw
Y1  - 2018/12/17
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20180603.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jctr.20180603.12
T2  - Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research
JF  - Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research
JO  - Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research
SP  - 44
EP  - 53
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7790
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20180603.12
AB  - The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of ethyl acetate extract of Senna alata (L) Roxb on some human carcinomas - MCF 7 (human breast), C4-2WT (prostate), HT 29 and HTC 116 (colorectal) cell lines. Screening assays carried out to determine cytotoxicity include: - MTT (3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), clonogenic cell survival, Trypan Blue exclusion and methylene blue assays. Evaluation of the results showed that the extract strongly decreased the proliferation of the carcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. The minimum concentration of the extract required for 50% inhibition (GI50) of the different cell lines calculated after MTT test were as follows: MCF-7 = 5.90 µg/ml, HCT 29 = 4.97 µg/ml, HCT 116 =11.86 µg/ml and C4-2WT = 9.48 µg/ml. Trypan Blue exclusion assay showed a decrease in the number of viable cells and an increase in the number of non-viable cells over 72 hrs post-treatment with the extract. Methylene blue assay showed that the number of viable cells, when their optical densities were measured over 72 hrs post-treatment, was reduced compared with the control. For clonogenic cell survival, there was an increase in cell proliferation and colony formation in the control cultures. However, cells treated with GI50 and 2X (twice) GI50 concentration of the extract showed a decrease in the number of colonies formed. The results indicate the cytotoxic potentials of the extract and therefore, suggests the use of ethyl acetate leaf extract of Senna alata (L) Roxb in preparing recipes for the management of cancer-related ailments.
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  -

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