Pattern of Distant Metastases and Promising Prognostic Factors in Bladder Cancer: A Population-Based Study

Yanbo Xu; Hong Liu; Yue Liu; Qihua Cao; Dong Xu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jctr.20200801.11

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Pattern of Distant Metastases and Promising Prognostic Factors in Bladder Cancer: A Population-Based Study

Yanbo Xu, Hong Liu, Yue Liu, Qihua Cao, Dong Xu

Published in Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research (Volume 8, Issue 1)

Received: 19 December 2019 Accepted: 30 December 2019 Published: 8 January 2020

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Abstract

The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence and survival rates of distant metastases in newly diagnosed bladder cancer patients, and to investigate the risk and prognostic factors as well. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was analyzed for the incidence and survival rates of patients diagnosed with bladder cancer between 2010–2015. Multivariate logistic regression analyses identified risk factors for distant metastases. The survival rates were calculated by Kaplan Meier analysis. Cox regression and Fine and Grey’s model analyses were used to estimate prognostic factors associated with metastatic bladder cancers. Totally, there were 65541 patients with bladder cancer obtained from the SEER database, and 2812 were diagnosed with distant metastases on initial diagnosis (4.3%). Metastatic distribution information was concluded liver, lung, bone, brain and others. Of these, 1029 patients were bone metastases, 988 patients were lung metastases, 687 patients were liver metastases and 97 patients were brain metastases. As a result, younger age, unmarried social status, Black race, non-transitional cell carcinoma subtypes, poor differentiated grade, increased tumor stage and lymph node stage, absence of surgery to primary sites or unknown were all significantly associated with early distant metastases by logistic regression. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that older age, female, unmarried social status, non-TCC subtypes, increased number of metastatic sites and absence of surgery to primary sites were significantly associated with reduced overall survival. These findings in metastatic bladder cancer may help to arrange thorough evaluation and then make individualized treatment plan.

Published in	Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research (Volume 8, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.jctr.20200801.11
Page(s)	1-9
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bladder Cancer, Metastasis, Incidence, Prognosis

References

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[3]	Dong F, Shen Y, Gao F, Xu T, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhong, S, Zhang, M, Chen, S, et al. Prognostic value of site-specific metastases and therapeutic roles of surgery for patients with metastatic bladder cancer: a population-based study. Cancer Manag Research. 2017; 9: 611-626.
[4]	Huang P, Lan M, Peng AF, Yu QF, Chen WZ, Liu ZL, Liu JM, Huang SH. Serum calcium, alkaline phosphotase and hemoglobin as risk factors for bone metastases in bladder cancer. PloS one. 2017; 12 (9): e0183835.
[5]	Rosenberg JE, Carroll PR, Small EJ. Update on chemotherapy for advanced bladder cancer. J Urol. 2005; 174 (1): 14-20.
[6]	Matos J, Mussetto I, Podesta R, Schettini D, Gandolfo N. Bladder cancer presenting with acrometastases: a different cause of foot pain. Skeletal Radiol. 2018; 47 (7): 1003-1009.
[7]	Klaassen Z, DiBianco JM, Jen RP, Evans AJ, Reinstatler L, Terris MK, Madi R. Female, Black, and Unmarried Patients Are More Likely to Present With Metastatic Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma. Clin Genitourin cancer. 2016; 14 (5): e489-e492.
[8]	Bianchi M, Roghmann F, Becker A, Sukumar S, Briganti A, Menon M, Karakiewicz PI, Sun, M, Noldus J, et al. Age-stratified distribution of metastatic sites in bladder cancer: A population-based analysis. Can Urol Assoc J. 2014; 8 (3-4): E148-158.
[9]	Chen C, Hu LK, Chen Y, Hou JQ. The prognostic value of histological subtype in patients with metastatic bladder cancer. Oncotarget. 2017; 8 (17): 28408-28417.
[10]	Sengeløv L, Kamby C, von der Maase H. Pattern of metastases in relation to characteristics of primary tumor and treatment in patients with disseminated urothelial carcinoma. Journal urol. 1996; 155 (1): 111-114.
[11]	Prout GR, Wesley MN, Greenberg RS, Chen VW, Brown CC, Miller AW, Weinstein RS, Robboy SJ, Haynes MA, et al. Bladder cancer: race differences in extent of disease at diagnosis. Cancer. 2000; 89 (6): 1349-1358.
[12]	Wallmeroth A, Wagner U, Moch H, Gasser TC, Sauter G, Mihatsch MJ. Patterns of metastasis in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (pT2-4): An autopsy study on 367 patients. Urol Int. 1999; 62 (2): 69-75.
[13]	Shinagare AB, Ramaiya NH, Jagannathan JP, Fennessy FM, Taplin ME, Van den Abbeele AD. Metastatic pattern of bladder cancer: correlation with the characteristics of the primary tumor. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2011; 196 (1): 117-122.
[14]	Abe T, Kitamura H, Obara W, Matsumura N, Tsukamoto T, Fujioka T, Hara I, Murai S, Shinohara N, et al. Outcome of metastasectomy for urothelial carcinoma: a multi-institutional retrospective study in Japan. J Urol. 2014; 191 (4): 932-936.
[15]	Otto T, Krege S, Suhr J, Rübben H. Impact of surgical resection of bladder cancer metastases refractory to systemic therapy on performance score: a phase II trial. Urology. 2001; 57 (1): 55-59.
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APA Style

Yanbo Xu, Hong Liu, Yue Liu, Qihua Cao, Dong Xu. (2020). Pattern of Distant Metastases and Promising Prognostic Factors in Bladder Cancer: A Population-Based Study. Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research, 8(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20200801.11

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ACS Style

Yanbo Xu; Hong Liu; Yue Liu; Qihua Cao; Dong Xu. Pattern of Distant Metastases and Promising Prognostic Factors in Bladder Cancer: A Population-Based Study. J. Cancer Treat. Res. 2020, 8(1), 1-9. doi: 10.11648/j.jctr.20200801.11

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AMA Style

Yanbo Xu, Hong Liu, Yue Liu, Qihua Cao, Dong Xu. Pattern of Distant Metastases and Promising Prognostic Factors in Bladder Cancer: A Population-Based Study. J Cancer Treat Res. 2020;8(1):1-9. doi: 10.11648/j.jctr.20200801.11

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@article{10.11648/j.jctr.20200801.11,
  author = {Yanbo Xu and Hong Liu and Yue Liu and Qihua Cao and Dong Xu},
  title = {Pattern of Distant Metastases and Promising Prognostic Factors in Bladder Cancer: A Population-Based Study},
  journal = {Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-9},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jctr.20200801.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20200801.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jctr.20200801.11},
  abstract = {The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence and survival rates of distant metastases in newly diagnosed bladder cancer patients, and to investigate the risk and prognostic factors as well. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was analyzed for the incidence and survival rates of patients diagnosed with bladder cancer between 2010–2015. Multivariate logistic regression analyses identified risk factors for distant metastases. The survival rates were calculated by Kaplan Meier analysis. Cox regression and Fine and Grey’s model analyses were used to estimate prognostic factors associated with metastatic bladder cancers. Totally, there were 65541 patients with bladder cancer obtained from the SEER database, and 2812 were diagnosed with distant metastases on initial diagnosis (4.3%). Metastatic distribution information was concluded liver, lung, bone, brain and others. Of these, 1029 patients were bone metastases, 988 patients were lung metastases, 687 patients were liver metastases and 97 patients were brain metastases. As a result, younger age, unmarried social status, Black race, non-transitional cell carcinoma subtypes, poor differentiated grade, increased tumor stage and lymph node stage, absence of surgery to primary sites or unknown were all significantly associated with early distant metastases by logistic regression. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that older age, female, unmarried social status, non-TCC subtypes, increased number of metastatic sites and absence of surgery to primary sites were significantly associated with reduced overall survival. These findings in metastatic bladder cancer may help to arrange thorough evaluation and then make individualized treatment plan.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Pattern of Distant Metastases and Promising Prognostic Factors in Bladder Cancer: A Population-Based Study
AU  - Yanbo Xu
AU  - Hong Liu
AU  - Yue Liu
AU  - Qihua Cao
AU  - Dong Xu
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PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20200801.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jctr.20200801.11
T2  - Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research
JF  - Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research
JO  - Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7790
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20200801.11
AB  - The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence and survival rates of distant metastases in newly diagnosed bladder cancer patients, and to investigate the risk and prognostic factors as well. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was analyzed for the incidence and survival rates of patients diagnosed with bladder cancer between 2010–2015. Multivariate logistic regression analyses identified risk factors for distant metastases. The survival rates were calculated by Kaplan Meier analysis. Cox regression and Fine and Grey’s model analyses were used to estimate prognostic factors associated with metastatic bladder cancers. Totally, there were 65541 patients with bladder cancer obtained from the SEER database, and 2812 were diagnosed with distant metastases on initial diagnosis (4.3%). Metastatic distribution information was concluded liver, lung, bone, brain and others. Of these, 1029 patients were bone metastases, 988 patients were lung metastases, 687 patients were liver metastases and 97 patients were brain metastases. As a result, younger age, unmarried social status, Black race, non-transitional cell carcinoma subtypes, poor differentiated grade, increased tumor stage and lymph node stage, absence of surgery to primary sites or unknown were all significantly associated with early distant metastases by logistic regression. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that older age, female, unmarried social status, non-TCC subtypes, increased number of metastatic sites and absence of surgery to primary sites were significantly associated with reduced overall survival. These findings in metastatic bladder cancer may help to arrange thorough evaluation and then make individualized treatment plan.
VL  - 8
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Author Information

Yanbo Xu

Department of Surgical Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Hong Liu

Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Yue Liu

Department of Surgical Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Qihua Cao

Department of Surgical Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Dong Xu

Department of Surgical Oncology and Cancer Institute, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

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APA Style

Yanbo Xu, Hong Liu, Yue Liu, Qihua Cao, Dong Xu. (2020). Pattern of Distant Metastases and Promising Prognostic Factors in Bladder Cancer: A Population-Based Study. Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research, 8(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20200801.11

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ACS Style

Yanbo Xu; Hong Liu; Yue Liu; Qihua Cao; Dong Xu. Pattern of Distant Metastases and Promising Prognostic Factors in Bladder Cancer: A Population-Based Study. J. Cancer Treat. Res. 2020, 8(1), 1-9. doi: 10.11648/j.jctr.20200801.11

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AMA Style

Yanbo Xu, Hong Liu, Yue Liu, Qihua Cao, Dong Xu. Pattern of Distant Metastases and Promising Prognostic Factors in Bladder Cancer: A Population-Based Study. J Cancer Treat Res. 2020;8(1):1-9. doi: 10.11648/j.jctr.20200801.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jctr.20200801.11,
  author = {Yanbo Xu and Hong Liu and Yue Liu and Qihua Cao and Dong Xu},
  title = {Pattern of Distant Metastases and Promising Prognostic Factors in Bladder Cancer: A Population-Based Study},
  journal = {Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-9},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jctr.20200801.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20200801.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jctr.20200801.11},
  abstract = {The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence and survival rates of distant metastases in newly diagnosed bladder cancer patients, and to investigate the risk and prognostic factors as well. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was analyzed for the incidence and survival rates of patients diagnosed with bladder cancer between 2010–2015. Multivariate logistic regression analyses identified risk factors for distant metastases. The survival rates were calculated by Kaplan Meier analysis. Cox regression and Fine and Grey’s model analyses were used to estimate prognostic factors associated with metastatic bladder cancers. Totally, there were 65541 patients with bladder cancer obtained from the SEER database, and 2812 were diagnosed with distant metastases on initial diagnosis (4.3%). Metastatic distribution information was concluded liver, lung, bone, brain and others. Of these, 1029 patients were bone metastases, 988 patients were lung metastases, 687 patients were liver metastases and 97 patients were brain metastases. As a result, younger age, unmarried social status, Black race, non-transitional cell carcinoma subtypes, poor differentiated grade, increased tumor stage and lymph node stage, absence of surgery to primary sites or unknown were all significantly associated with early distant metastases by logistic regression. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that older age, female, unmarried social status, non-TCC subtypes, increased number of metastatic sites and absence of surgery to primary sites were significantly associated with reduced overall survival. These findings in metastatic bladder cancer may help to arrange thorough evaluation and then make individualized treatment plan.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Pattern of Distant Metastases and Promising Prognostic Factors in Bladder Cancer: A Population-Based Study
AU  - Yanbo Xu
AU  - Hong Liu
AU  - Yue Liu
AU  - Qihua Cao
AU  - Dong Xu
Y1  - 2020/01/08
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20200801.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jctr.20200801.11
T2  - Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research
JF  - Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research
JO  - Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7790
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20200801.11
AB  - The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence and survival rates of distant metastases in newly diagnosed bladder cancer patients, and to investigate the risk and prognostic factors as well. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was analyzed for the incidence and survival rates of patients diagnosed with bladder cancer between 2010–2015. Multivariate logistic regression analyses identified risk factors for distant metastases. The survival rates were calculated by Kaplan Meier analysis. Cox regression and Fine and Grey’s model analyses were used to estimate prognostic factors associated with metastatic bladder cancers. Totally, there were 65541 patients with bladder cancer obtained from the SEER database, and 2812 were diagnosed with distant metastases on initial diagnosis (4.3%). Metastatic distribution information was concluded liver, lung, bone, brain and others. Of these, 1029 patients were bone metastases, 988 patients were lung metastases, 687 patients were liver metastases and 97 patients were brain metastases. As a result, younger age, unmarried social status, Black race, non-transitional cell carcinoma subtypes, poor differentiated grade, increased tumor stage and lymph node stage, absence of surgery to primary sites or unknown were all significantly associated with early distant metastases by logistic regression. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that older age, female, unmarried social status, non-TCC subtypes, increased number of metastatic sites and absence of surgery to primary sites were significantly associated with reduced overall survival. These findings in metastatic bladder cancer may help to arrange thorough evaluation and then make individualized treatment plan.
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
ER  -

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