An Index Approach to Metallic Pollution in Groundwater Sources of South Region of Pemba Island

Abdul A. J. Mohamed; Ibrahim Abdul Rahman; Lee H. Lim; Sara A. Khamis; Haji Mwevura; Kombo H. Mbwana

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20160402.11

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An Index Approach to Metallic Pollution in Groundwater Sources of South Region of Pemba Island

Abdul A. J. Mohamed, Ibrahim Abdul Rahman, Lee H. Lim, Sara A. Khamis, Haji Mwevura, Kombo H. Mbwana

Published in Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry (Volume 4, Issue 2)

Received: 13 February 2016 Accepted: 24 February 2016 Published: 7 March 2016

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Abstract

The South Region of Pemba is one of the two Regions in Pemba Island. Residents within the region depend on groundwater as the main water source for the domestic and other social purposes. This study was conducted to assess the quality of drinking water in different areas of South region of Pemba. In order to evaluate the quality of groundwater in the study area, 17 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for different physico-chemical parameters. In each water sample, four physicochemical parameters were analyzed, namely, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, and turbidity. For the case of metals, eleven metals, namely, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr (III), Li, Fe, Mg, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn were analyzed using standard procedures. The dataobtained were then compared with the available WHO and or USEPA drinking water standards. All the samples had EC and TDS within the recommended limits, while 53% and 29% of the samples had higher turbidity levels and lower pH, respectively than the WHO recommended guidelines. All the samples contained Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni, Pb, and Zn within the maximum admissible limits. According to heavy metal pollution index (HPI), degree of contamination (Cd), and heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), only one area (Mgonanje-1) showed alarming risks. In most water samples, the ratio of concentrations of Li to Ni was greater than 1, while all Sr to Mg ratios were less than 1. Generally, the values of the analyzed physico-chemical parameters were within the recommended maximum admissible limits. However, the study recommends the stakeholders and other responsible authorities to take appropriate and corrective measures for the water sources located at the Mgonanje area.

Published in	Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry (Volume 4, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjac.20160402.11
Page(s)	12-21
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Mgonanje, Alarming Risks, Li/Ni Ratio, Sr/Mg Ratio, HPI, HEI, Pemba Island

References

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APA Style

Abdul A. J. Mohamed, Ibrahim Abdul Rahman, Lee H. Lim, Sara A. Khamis, Haji Mwevura, et al. (2016). An Index Approach to Metallic Pollution in Groundwater Sources of South Region of Pemba Island. Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 4(2), 12-21. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20160402.11

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ACS Style

Abdul A. J. Mohamed; Ibrahim Abdul Rahman; Lee H. Lim; Sara A. Khamis; Haji Mwevura, et al. An Index Approach to Metallic Pollution in Groundwater Sources of South Region of Pemba Island. Sci. J. Anal. Chem. 2016, 4(2), 12-21. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20160402.11

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AMA Style

Abdul A. J. Mohamed, Ibrahim Abdul Rahman, Lee H. Lim, Sara A. Khamis, Haji Mwevura, et al. An Index Approach to Metallic Pollution in Groundwater Sources of South Region of Pemba Island. Sci J Anal Chem. 2016;4(2):12-21. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20160402.11

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@article{10.11648/j.sjac.20160402.11,
  author = {Abdul A. J. Mohamed and Ibrahim Abdul Rahman and Lee H. Lim and Sara A. Khamis and Haji Mwevura and Kombo H. Mbwana},
  title = {An Index Approach to Metallic Pollution in Groundwater Sources of South Region of Pemba Island},
  journal = {Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {12-21},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjac.20160402.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20160402.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjac.20160402.11},
  abstract = {The South Region of Pemba is one of the two Regions in Pemba Island. Residents within the region depend on groundwater as the main water source for the domestic and other social purposes. This study was conducted to assess the quality of drinking water in different areas of South region of Pemba. In order to evaluate the quality of groundwater in the study area, 17 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for different physico-chemical parameters. In each water sample, four physicochemical parameters were analyzed, namely, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, and turbidity. For the case of metals, eleven metals, namely, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr (III), Li, Fe, Mg, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn were analyzed using standard procedures. The dataobtained were then compared with the available WHO and or USEPA drinking water standards. All the samples had EC and TDS within the recommended limits, while 53% and 29% of the samples had higher turbidity levels and lower pH, respectively than the WHO recommended guidelines. All the samples contained Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni, Pb, and Zn within the maximum admissible limits. According to heavy metal pollution index (HPI), degree of contamination (Cd), and heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), only one area (Mgonanje-1) showed alarming risks. In most water samples, the ratio of concentrations of Li to Ni was greater than 1, while all Sr to Mg ratios were less than 1. Generally, the values of the analyzed physico-chemical parameters were within the recommended maximum admissible limits. However, the study recommends the stakeholders and other responsible authorities to take appropriate and corrective measures for the water sources located at the Mgonanje area.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - An Index Approach to Metallic Pollution in Groundwater Sources of South Region of Pemba Island
AU - Abdul A. J. Mohamed
AU - Ibrahim Abdul Rahman
AU - Lee H. Lim
AU - Sara A. Khamis
AU - Haji Mwevura
AU - Kombo H. Mbwana
Y1 - 2016/03/07
PY - 2016
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20160402.11
DO - 10.11648/j.sjac.20160402.11
T2 - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JF - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JO - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
SP - 12
EP - 21
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2376-8053
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20160402.11
AB - The South Region of Pemba is one of the two Regions in Pemba Island. Residents within the region depend on groundwater as the main water source for the domestic and other social purposes. This study was conducted to assess the quality of drinking water in different areas of South region of Pemba. In order to evaluate the quality of groundwater in the study area, 17 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for different physico-chemical parameters. In each water sample, four physicochemical parameters were analyzed, namely, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, and turbidity. For the case of metals, eleven metals, namely, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr (III), Li, Fe, Mg, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn were analyzed using standard procedures. The dataobtained were then compared with the available WHO and or USEPA drinking water standards. All the samples had EC and TDS within the recommended limits, while 53% and 29% of the samples had higher turbidity levels and lower pH, respectively than the WHO recommended guidelines. All the samples contained Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni, Pb, and Zn within the maximum admissible limits. According to heavy metal pollution index (HPI), degree of contamination (Cd), and heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), only one area (Mgonanje-1) showed alarming risks. In most water samples, the ratio of concentrations of Li to Ni was greater than 1, while all Sr to Mg ratios were less than 1. Generally, the values of the analyzed physico-chemical parameters were within the recommended maximum admissible limits. However, the study recommends the stakeholders and other responsible authorities to take appropriate and corrective measures for the water sources located at the Mgonanje area.
VL - 4
IS - 2
ER -

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Author Information

Abdul A. J. Mohamed

Department of Natural Sciences, the State University of Zanzibar, Zanzibar, Tanzania
Ibrahim Abdul Rahman

Faculty of Science (FOS), Universiti Brunei Darussalam JalanTungku, Brunei Darussalam, Brunei
Lee H. Lim

Faculty of Science (FOS), Universiti Brunei Darussalam JalanTungku, Brunei Darussalam, Brunei
Sara A. Khamis

Department of Natural Sciences, the State University of Zanzibar, Zanzibar, Tanzania
Haji Mwevura

Department of Natural Sciences, the State University of Zanzibar, Zanzibar, Tanzania
Kombo H. Mbwana

Department of Natural Sciences, the State University of Zanzibar, Zanzibar, Tanzania

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APA Style

Abdul A. J. Mohamed, Ibrahim Abdul Rahman, Lee H. Lim, Sara A. Khamis, Haji Mwevura, et al. (2016). An Index Approach to Metallic Pollution in Groundwater Sources of South Region of Pemba Island. Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 4(2), 12-21. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20160402.11

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ACS Style

Abdul A. J. Mohamed; Ibrahim Abdul Rahman; Lee H. Lim; Sara A. Khamis; Haji Mwevura, et al. An Index Approach to Metallic Pollution in Groundwater Sources of South Region of Pemba Island. Sci. J. Anal. Chem. 2016, 4(2), 12-21. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20160402.11

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AMA Style

Abdul A. J. Mohamed, Ibrahim Abdul Rahman, Lee H. Lim, Sara A. Khamis, Haji Mwevura, et al. An Index Approach to Metallic Pollution in Groundwater Sources of South Region of Pemba Island. Sci J Anal Chem. 2016;4(2):12-21. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20160402.11

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@article{10.11648/j.sjac.20160402.11,
  author = {Abdul A. J. Mohamed and Ibrahim Abdul Rahman and Lee H. Lim and Sara A. Khamis and Haji Mwevura and Kombo H. Mbwana},
  title = {An Index Approach to Metallic Pollution in Groundwater Sources of South Region of Pemba Island},
  journal = {Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {12-21},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjac.20160402.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20160402.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjac.20160402.11},
  abstract = {The South Region of Pemba is one of the two Regions in Pemba Island. Residents within the region depend on groundwater as the main water source for the domestic and other social purposes. This study was conducted to assess the quality of drinking water in different areas of South region of Pemba. In order to evaluate the quality of groundwater in the study area, 17 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for different physico-chemical parameters. In each water sample, four physicochemical parameters were analyzed, namely, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, and turbidity. For the case of metals, eleven metals, namely, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr (III), Li, Fe, Mg, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn were analyzed using standard procedures. The dataobtained were then compared with the available WHO and or USEPA drinking water standards. All the samples had EC and TDS within the recommended limits, while 53% and 29% of the samples had higher turbidity levels and lower pH, respectively than the WHO recommended guidelines. All the samples contained Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni, Pb, and Zn within the maximum admissible limits. According to heavy metal pollution index (HPI), degree of contamination (Cd), and heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), only one area (Mgonanje-1) showed alarming risks. In most water samples, the ratio of concentrations of Li to Ni was greater than 1, while all Sr to Mg ratios were less than 1. Generally, the values of the analyzed physico-chemical parameters were within the recommended maximum admissible limits. However, the study recommends the stakeholders and other responsible authorities to take appropriate and corrective measures for the water sources located at the Mgonanje area.},
 year = {2016}
}

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