Determination of Heavy Metals in Fish and Water of White Nile During Watery Diarrhea Outbreak from June to July, 2017, Gezira Aba – Sudan

Mutasim Elhag Elhussien; Bartholomaus Augustino Adwok

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20180601.11

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Determination of Heavy Metals in Fish and Water of White Nile During Watery Diarrhea Outbreak from June to July, 2017, Gezira Aba – Sudan

Mutasim Elhag Elhussien, Bartholomaus Augustino Adwok

Published in Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry (Volume 6, Issue 1)

Received: 1 October 2017 Accepted: 20 October 2017 Published: 6 January 2018

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of some heavy metal in fish (Clarias gariepinus) and water samples collected from White Nile at Gezira Aba. Heavy metals in fish and water samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) in accordance to standard analytical method. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis (ANOVA) to find out the significant difference of heavy metals in water body throughout the sampling period and in each organ of the sampled fish. The obtained results showed the average values Fe, Pb, Co, Cd in water samples were higher than WHO guide line limit for fresh water. The analysis of heavy metal in fish organs indicated that among eight heavy metals tested, Fe showed the highest concentration followed by Fe, Pb, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Cd and Cr. Results also showed that accumulation of heavy metals differed in the organs. Gill recorded high level of heavy metals followed by kidney, while liver contain lower level. It was concluded that levels of heavy metal in fish organs showed high concentration of detected heavy metals, while water samples give low heavy metals concentration. This implies that, the fish sample can be used to monitor heavy metals pollution level in the White Nile River. More safe and economic methods for elimination of heavy metals from contaminated waters are needed and continuous assessment of the level of pollution of Nile water and fish with heavy metals is also necessary.

Published in	Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjac.20180601.11
Page(s)	1-6
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Environmental Pollution, Heavy Metals, Water Pollution, Fish

References

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[6]	Elagba Haj Ali Mohamed, Abdel-Rahman Osman, 2014. Heavy Metals in Water, Muscles and Gills of Oreochromisniloticus Collected from the Sewage-Treated Water and the White Nile, Sudan. Vol. 4, No.06.
[7]	Joseph Clement Akan, Salwa Mohmoud, Bashir Shettima Yikala, Victor Obioma Ogugbuaja, 2012. Bioaccumulation of Some heavy metals in Fish Samples from River Benuein Vinikilang, Adamawa State, Nigeria, American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 3, pp: 727-736.
[8]	Zerabruk Tesfamarium, Younis M. H. Younis, SulimanS. Elsanousi (2016). Assessment of heavy metal status of sediment and water in Mainefhi and Toker drinking–water reservoirs of Asmara City, Eriterea. American Journal of Reseach Communication, vol 4(6).
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[14]	Jezierska, B. witeska, M (2006): the metal up take and accumulation in fish living in polluted waters. In soil and water pollution monitoring, rotection and remediation. Mster damspringerp 107–114.
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[16]	Osman, AGM, Kloasw (2010): water quality and heavy metal monitoring in water, sediments and tissues of African catfish clarias gariepinus (Burchell1822) from the river Nile. Egyp tj. nviron. rotection, 2010, 1: 389–400.
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APA Style

Mutasim Elhag Elhussien, Bartholomaus Augustino Adwok. (2018). Determination of Heavy Metals in Fish and Water of White Nile During Watery Diarrhea Outbreak from June to July, 2017, Gezira Aba – Sudan. Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 6(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20180601.11

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ACS Style

Mutasim Elhag Elhussien; Bartholomaus Augustino Adwok. Determination of Heavy Metals in Fish and Water of White Nile During Watery Diarrhea Outbreak from June to July, 2017, Gezira Aba – Sudan. Sci. J. Anal. Chem. 2018, 6(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20180601.11

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AMA Style

Mutasim Elhag Elhussien, Bartholomaus Augustino Adwok. Determination of Heavy Metals in Fish and Water of White Nile During Watery Diarrhea Outbreak from June to July, 2017, Gezira Aba – Sudan. Sci J Anal Chem. 2018;6(1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20180601.11

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@article{10.11648/j.sjac.20180601.11,
  author = {Mutasim Elhag Elhussien and Bartholomaus Augustino Adwok},
  title = {Determination of Heavy Metals in Fish and Water of White Nile During Watery Diarrhea Outbreak from June to July, 2017, Gezira Aba – Sudan},
  journal = {Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-6},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjac.20180601.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20180601.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjac.20180601.11},
  abstract = {The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of some heavy metal in fish (Clarias gariepinus) and water samples collected from White Nile at Gezira Aba. Heavy metals in fish and water samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) in accordance to standard analytical method. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis (ANOVA) to find out the significant difference of heavy metals in water body throughout the sampling period and in each organ of the sampled fish. The obtained results showed the average values Fe, Pb, Co, Cd in water samples were higher than WHO guide line limit for fresh water. The analysis of heavy metal in fish organs indicated that among eight heavy metals tested, Fe showed the highest concentration followed by Fe, Pb, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Cd and Cr. Results also showed that accumulation of heavy metals differed in the organs. Gill recorded high level of heavy metals followed by kidney, while liver contain lower level. It was concluded that levels of heavy metal in fish organs showed high concentration of detected heavy metals, while water samples give low heavy metals concentration. This implies that, the fish sample can be used to monitor heavy metals pollution level in the White Nile River. More safe and economic methods for elimination of heavy metals from contaminated waters are needed and continuous assessment of the level of pollution of Nile water and fish with heavy metals is also necessary.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determination of Heavy Metals in Fish and Water of White Nile During Watery Diarrhea Outbreak from June to July, 2017, Gezira Aba – Sudan
AU  - Mutasim Elhag Elhussien
AU  - Bartholomaus Augustino Adwok
Y1  - 2018/01/06
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20180601.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjac.20180601.11
T2  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JF  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JO  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-8053
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20180601.11
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of some heavy metal in fish (Clarias gariepinus) and water samples collected from White Nile at Gezira Aba. Heavy metals in fish and water samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) in accordance to standard analytical method. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis (ANOVA) to find out the significant difference of heavy metals in water body throughout the sampling period and in each organ of the sampled fish. The obtained results showed the average values Fe, Pb, Co, Cd in water samples were higher than WHO guide line limit for fresh water. The analysis of heavy metal in fish organs indicated that among eight heavy metals tested, Fe showed the highest concentration followed by Fe, Pb, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Cd and Cr. Results also showed that accumulation of heavy metals differed in the organs. Gill recorded high level of heavy metals followed by kidney, while liver contain lower level. It was concluded that levels of heavy metal in fish organs showed high concentration of detected heavy metals, while water samples give low heavy metals concentration. This implies that, the fish sample can be used to monitor heavy metals pollution level in the White Nile River. More safe and economic methods for elimination of heavy metals from contaminated waters are needed and continuous assessment of the level of pollution of Nile water and fish with heavy metals is also necessary.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Mutasim Elhag Elhussien

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Education, Nile Valley University, Atbara, Sudan
Bartholomaus Augustino Adwok

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Education, Upper Nile University, Juba, South Sudan

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APA Style

Mutasim Elhag Elhussien, Bartholomaus Augustino Adwok. (2018). Determination of Heavy Metals in Fish and Water of White Nile During Watery Diarrhea Outbreak from June to July, 2017, Gezira Aba – Sudan. Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 6(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20180601.11

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ACS Style

Mutasim Elhag Elhussien; Bartholomaus Augustino Adwok. Determination of Heavy Metals in Fish and Water of White Nile During Watery Diarrhea Outbreak from June to July, 2017, Gezira Aba – Sudan. Sci. J. Anal. Chem. 2018, 6(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20180601.11

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AMA Style

Mutasim Elhag Elhussien, Bartholomaus Augustino Adwok. Determination of Heavy Metals in Fish and Water of White Nile During Watery Diarrhea Outbreak from June to July, 2017, Gezira Aba – Sudan. Sci J Anal Chem. 2018;6(1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20180601.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sjac.20180601.11,
  author = {Mutasim Elhag Elhussien and Bartholomaus Augustino Adwok},
  title = {Determination of Heavy Metals in Fish and Water of White Nile During Watery Diarrhea Outbreak from June to July, 2017, Gezira Aba – Sudan},
  journal = {Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-6},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjac.20180601.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20180601.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjac.20180601.11},
  abstract = {The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of some heavy metal in fish (Clarias gariepinus) and water samples collected from White Nile at Gezira Aba. Heavy metals in fish and water samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) in accordance to standard analytical method. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis (ANOVA) to find out the significant difference of heavy metals in water body throughout the sampling period and in each organ of the sampled fish. The obtained results showed the average values Fe, Pb, Co, Cd in water samples were higher than WHO guide line limit for fresh water. The analysis of heavy metal in fish organs indicated that among eight heavy metals tested, Fe showed the highest concentration followed by Fe, Pb, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Cd and Cr. Results also showed that accumulation of heavy metals differed in the organs. Gill recorded high level of heavy metals followed by kidney, while liver contain lower level. It was concluded that levels of heavy metal in fish organs showed high concentration of detected heavy metals, while water samples give low heavy metals concentration. This implies that, the fish sample can be used to monitor heavy metals pollution level in the White Nile River. More safe and economic methods for elimination of heavy metals from contaminated waters are needed and continuous assessment of the level of pollution of Nile water and fish with heavy metals is also necessary.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determination of Heavy Metals in Fish and Water of White Nile During Watery Diarrhea Outbreak from June to July, 2017, Gezira Aba – Sudan
AU  - Mutasim Elhag Elhussien
AU  - Bartholomaus Augustino Adwok
Y1  - 2018/01/06
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20180601.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjac.20180601.11
T2  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JF  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JO  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-8053
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20180601.11
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of some heavy metal in fish (Clarias gariepinus) and water samples collected from White Nile at Gezira Aba. Heavy metals in fish and water samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) in accordance to standard analytical method. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis (ANOVA) to find out the significant difference of heavy metals in water body throughout the sampling period and in each organ of the sampled fish. The obtained results showed the average values Fe, Pb, Co, Cd in water samples were higher than WHO guide line limit for fresh water. The analysis of heavy metal in fish organs indicated that among eight heavy metals tested, Fe showed the highest concentration followed by Fe, Pb, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Cd and Cr. Results also showed that accumulation of heavy metals differed in the organs. Gill recorded high level of heavy metals followed by kidney, while liver contain lower level. It was concluded that levels of heavy metal in fish organs showed high concentration of detected heavy metals, while water samples give low heavy metals concentration. This implies that, the fish sample can be used to monitor heavy metals pollution level in the White Nile River. More safe and economic methods for elimination of heavy metals from contaminated waters are needed and continuous assessment of the level of pollution of Nile water and fish with heavy metals is also necessary.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

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