Nicotine gums are a class of oral tobacco products that are tobacco-leaf free and come in a variety of flavors and different nicotine strengths. The release of nicotine from these gums is mainly triggered by a chewing process to create new surfaces for the continuous release of nicotine. The rate of nicotine release from these products strongly depends on the nicotine form, product physicochemical characteristics, and mastication parameters used to chew the products. In this work, we developed a discriminatory mastication method to study the release of nicotine from a variety of nicotine gum products using the European Pharmacopoeia (Ch. 2. 9. 25, apparatus B), DRT3 chewing apparatus. Mastication parameters including chewing stroke frequency and jaw gapping distance were systematically investigated. The optimized mastication method was used to characterize the release profiles of nicotine from three commercially available nicotine gum products, including Nicorette, Lucy, and Rogue gums. The cumulative percent nicotine release rates were found to be dependent on the product characteristics, showing differences when comparing Rogue to Lucy and Nicorette gums, and similarities when comparing Nicorette to Lucy gum products. Furthermore, the nicotine release profiles obtained from the same product brand at different nicotine strengths and flavors were found to be equivalent. These observations were further confirmed by analyzing the nicotine release profiles to calculate the difference factor (f1) and similarity factor (f2). The developed mastication method can be used as an important tool for product-to-product comparison, guiding product design, determining relative product performance, ensuring consistency during the manufacturing process, and supporting regulatory reporting.
| Published in | Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry (Volume 10, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.sjac.20221003.11 |
| Page(s) | 32-39 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Nicotine Gums, Mastication, UPLC-PDA, Nicotine Release Rates, Method Development
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APA Style
Fadi Aldeek, Vanessa Lopez, John H. Miller, Feng Gao. (2022). Nicotine Gums Mastication: Method Development and Product Comparisons. Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 10(3), 32-39. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20221003.11
ACS Style
Fadi Aldeek; Vanessa Lopez; John H. Miller; Feng Gao. Nicotine Gums Mastication: Method Development and Product Comparisons. Sci. J. Anal. Chem. 2022, 10(3), 32-39. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20221003.11
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Download@article{10.11648/j.sjac.20221003.11,
author = {Fadi Aldeek and Vanessa Lopez and John H. Miller and Feng Gao},
title = {Nicotine Gums Mastication: Method Development and Product Comparisons},
journal = {Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {32-39},
doi = {10.11648/j.sjac.20221003.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20221003.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjac.20221003.11},
abstract = {Nicotine gums are a class of oral tobacco products that are tobacco-leaf free and come in a variety of flavors and different nicotine strengths. The release of nicotine from these gums is mainly triggered by a chewing process to create new surfaces for the continuous release of nicotine. The rate of nicotine release from these products strongly depends on the nicotine form, product physicochemical characteristics, and mastication parameters used to chew the products. In this work, we developed a discriminatory mastication method to study the release of nicotine from a variety of nicotine gum products using the European Pharmacopoeia (Ch. 2. 9. 25, apparatus B), DRT3 chewing apparatus. Mastication parameters including chewing stroke frequency and jaw gapping distance were systematically investigated. The optimized mastication method was used to characterize the release profiles of nicotine from three commercially available nicotine gum products, including Nicorette, Lucy, and Rogue gums. The cumulative percent nicotine release rates were found to be dependent on the product characteristics, showing differences when comparing Rogue to Lucy and Nicorette gums, and similarities when comparing Nicorette to Lucy gum products. Furthermore, the nicotine release profiles obtained from the same product brand at different nicotine strengths and flavors were found to be equivalent. These observations were further confirmed by analyzing the nicotine release profiles to calculate the difference factor (f1) and similarity factor (f2). The developed mastication method can be used as an important tool for product-to-product comparison, guiding product design, determining relative product performance, ensuring consistency during the manufacturing process, and supporting regulatory reporting.},
year = {2022}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Nicotine Gums Mastication: Method Development and Product Comparisons AU - Fadi Aldeek AU - Vanessa Lopez AU - John H. Miller AU - Feng Gao Y1 - 2022/07/05 PY - 2022 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20221003.11 DO - 10.11648/j.sjac.20221003.11 T2 - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry JF - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry JO - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry SP - 32 EP - 39 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2376-8053 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20221003.11 AB - Nicotine gums are a class of oral tobacco products that are tobacco-leaf free and come in a variety of flavors and different nicotine strengths. The release of nicotine from these gums is mainly triggered by a chewing process to create new surfaces for the continuous release of nicotine. The rate of nicotine release from these products strongly depends on the nicotine form, product physicochemical characteristics, and mastication parameters used to chew the products. In this work, we developed a discriminatory mastication method to study the release of nicotine from a variety of nicotine gum products using the European Pharmacopoeia (Ch. 2. 9. 25, apparatus B), DRT3 chewing apparatus. Mastication parameters including chewing stroke frequency and jaw gapping distance were systematically investigated. The optimized mastication method was used to characterize the release profiles of nicotine from three commercially available nicotine gum products, including Nicorette, Lucy, and Rogue gums. The cumulative percent nicotine release rates were found to be dependent on the product characteristics, showing differences when comparing Rogue to Lucy and Nicorette gums, and similarities when comparing Nicorette to Lucy gum products. Furthermore, the nicotine release profiles obtained from the same product brand at different nicotine strengths and flavors were found to be equivalent. These observations were further confirmed by analyzing the nicotine release profiles to calculate the difference factor (f1) and similarity factor (f2). The developed mastication method can be used as an important tool for product-to-product comparison, guiding product design, determining relative product performance, ensuring consistency during the manufacturing process, and supporting regulatory reporting. VL - 10 IS - 3 ER -
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