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Return Location of Migrant Workers: A Case Study of 14 Sample Villages in Henan Province, China
Genghe Gao,
Yali Deng,
Yidan Yuan,
Weili Zhang,
Jiaqi Zhang,
Menghan Jin
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
145-156
Received:
29 June 2021
Accepted:
21 July 2021
Published:
27 July 2021
Abstract: The return of migrant workers is an important trend in labor mobility in China. The location of the return determines the direction of the flow and affects the choice of settlement. Based on first-hand data from a field survey, statistical analysis and binary logistic analysis methods are used to analyze the location characteristics and influencing factors of the return flow. The study found that (1) returning to the county is the basic spatial feature of the return of migrant workers. Most workers return to villages and counties outside the township. Before returning, most worked in other cities and counties. Counties and small towns near the village have become the main sites for migrant workers’ return to employment. Although the general trend of rural-urban migration has not changed, the intensity has declined to a certain extent. (2) The main reason for return is to take care of the family, followed by old age, difficulty finding a job, low wages and high costs, poor health, etc. In addition, hometown employment conditions have an impact. The push from other places and the local pull work together on migrant workers, eventually producing a return pattern. (3) Most return flow has occurred in the last 5 years, and it has been intensifying. Return flow and outflow are the two basic forms of labor mobility. Under normal circumstances, migrant workers choose to return when they cannot obtain a higher income or cannot find a job. It is foreseeable that as the county-level economy continues to develop, the trend of return will continue to strengthen. (4) Factors such as years of education, skills, working years, number of work sites, family generation, distance from the city, and relative position in the village reached significance in the regression model for the choice to return to the county. Only the family generation coefficient was negative, and the other coefficients were positive. Employment and income and taking care of the family are the main mechanisms influencing migrant workers' return location selection.
Abstract: The return of migrant workers is an important trend in labor mobility in China. The location of the return determines the direction of the flow and affects the choice of settlement. Based on first-hand data from a field survey, statistical analysis and binary logistic analysis methods are used to analyze the location characteristics and influencing...
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Nature of the Features of Kimberlite Placement
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
157-164
Received:
16 July 2021
Accepted:
26 July 2021
Published:
18 August 2021
Abstract: The obtained evidence of hot heterogeneous accretion of the Earth leads to a fundamentally new solution to genetic problems. According to these data, the kimberlites were formed as a result of the rise of the last residual melts of the bottom peridotite layer of the magmatic ocean, which arose as a result of impact heat release during accretion. The diamond crystallized due to the accumulation of carbon in the residual melts during fractionation. The absence of kimberlites in oceanic and collision regions is due to the expansion of the fractionation products of the magmatic ocean by surfaced mantle plumes during the formation of these regions. The all-earth distribution of the magmatic ocean explains the presence of kimberlites on all the studied ancient platforms. A very high degree of crystallization of the peridotite layer is the reason for the small volume of kimberlite residual melts and the bodies formed by them. The low temperature of kimberlite magmas caused their decompression solidification after boiling at the shallow stage of ascent and explosion under the influence of the high pressure of the fluid phase preserved by solidification. This is the reason for the formation of kimberlite pipes and the absence of kimberlite lavas.
Abstract: The obtained evidence of hot heterogeneous accretion of the Earth leads to a fundamentally new solution to genetic problems. According to these data, the kimberlites were formed as a result of the rise of the last residual melts of the bottom peridotite layer of the magmatic ocean, which arose as a result of impact heat release during accretion. Th...
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The Geological Characteristics and Its Mining Evaluation of Xincheng Gold Deposit in Jiaodong
Zhu Suizhou,
Wang Zhihao,
Ji Zhigang,
Li Jianwei,
Liu Yun,
Zhou Yu,
Zhang Qiuhu
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
165-169
Received:
31 May 2021
Accepted:
26 June 2021
Published:
24 August 2021
Abstract: Xincheng gold deposit is located in Xincheng Village of Jiaodong, Laizhou Jincheng, near Bohai Bay, and is one of the largest mines in China. The orebodies of Xincheng gold deposit located in Jiaojia fault zone are mainly located in the pyrite sericite-quartzized cataclasite belt and the pyrite-sericite-quartzized granodioritic cataclasite belt under the main fault plane (Fault Gouge). Based on the exploration data and test data, the occurrence characteristics of I and V major orebodies in the deposit are analyzed, and the mining evaluation is made on the basis of the hydrologic and environmental characteristics of the deposit. The results show that the rock of the Orebody, roof and floor is mainly massive igneous rock and Metamorphic Rock, which has high mechanical strength and is hard and semi-hard rock with simple engineering geological conditions The Ore and waste rock are not easy to decompose harmful substances, have no heat harm, the possibility of local surface deformation caused by mining is not big, the circulation of groundwater is bad, the evaporation is big, the water quality is bad, the mined-out area formed by mining has little influence on the stability of rock mass in the mining area. The main ore body in the study area is of good geological environment.
Abstract: Xincheng gold deposit is located in Xincheng Village of Jiaodong, Laizhou Jincheng, near Bohai Bay, and is one of the largest mines in China. The orebodies of Xincheng gold deposit located in Jiaojia fault zone are mainly located in the pyrite sericite-quartzized cataclasite belt and the pyrite-sericite-quartzized granodioritic cataclasite belt und...
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Geothermal Power Project’s Manageable Risks in Hungary
Aniko Toth,
Peter Szucs,
David Fenerty
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
170-179
Received:
3 February 2021
Accepted:
2 August 2021
Published:
30 August 2021
Abstract: There are many compelling arguments for using geothermal energy in Hungary. One of the most important is that the country could thereby exploit its abundant, relatively untapped network of geothermal reservoirs. These are considerably warmer and closer to the surface than in most of Europe. In the foreseeable future, Hungary’s geothermal resources can satisfy the conditions required for efficient energy production. The tremendous amount of energy stored in our geothermal reservoirs could satisfy much of the country’s long-term energy demand. Every geothermal project is designed to fulfill its project objectives by meeting time, budget, technical, and legal/regulatory provisions. Geothermal development is necessarily exposed to risks of varying degrees throughout its development, something which distinguishes geothermal from other kinds of renewable-energy projects. These risks most often concern the availability, amount, suitability, sustainability and use-potential of the geothermal resource, but may also include market, financing, commercial and macro-economic risks. This article describes the geological background and geothermal potential in Hungary. Hungary’s current geothermal production remains at a low level, given its proven capacity. Although Hungary lacks an overarching national plan for specifically exploiting its geothermal resources, the 2018 National Smart Specialization Strategy (S3) highlights the promotion of clean and renewable energies. Geothermal clearly fits into this scheme, as S3 is designed to include renewables, nuclear energy and increased energy efficiency in conventional energy production. Furthermore, in 2020 the Hungarian Energy and Public Utility Regulatory Authority (HEA) compiled a plan to promote the greater use of geothermal energy. Based on the Hungarian government’s geothermal investment support scheme, the authors have presented a risk-based assessment of Hungary’s geothermal development possibilities, differentiated in terms of low, medium and high risk levels.
Abstract: There are many compelling arguments for using geothermal energy in Hungary. One of the most important is that the country could thereby exploit its abundant, relatively untapped network of geothermal reservoirs. These are considerably warmer and closer to the surface than in most of Europe. In the foreseeable future, Hungary’s geothermal resources ...
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ESD Operators: Roles and Duties for the Environmental Monitoring Activities of ARPA Puglia
Costantino Gaetano,
Dalle Mura Ilaria,
De Gioia Michele,
Strippoli Giuseppe,
Ungaro Nicola,
Gramegna Domenico
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
180-188
Received:
21 May 2021
Accepted:
11 June 2021
Published:
31 August 2021
Abstract: ARPA Puglia (Italy), the Regional Agency for the Environmental Prevention and Protection, has chosen to use the Scientific Diving Operator figure (ESD) in order to meet some of the environmental monitoring activities foreseen by European Directives, such as WFD-Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC and the MSFD-Marine Strategy Framework Directive 2008/56/EC. Regarding the environmental monitoring obligations of the aforementioned Directives, many of them involve underwater operations. For example, both Directives (MSFD and WFD) require Posidonia oceanica monitoring in situ, by collecting data on shoot density and other eco-biometric parameters, also describing the main ecological aspect of seagrass meadows; about Pinna nobilis, the visual census of its distribution and abundance is carried out underwater; the non-indigenous species census provided by MSFD requires the qualitative and quantitative sampling of the benthic communities of hard bottoms in harbors performed by a scratching technique. All the described activities need operations by ESDs, so ARPA Puglia developed a path for the implementation of good practices on the subject: adopting the national Guide Lines "Good practices for the safe performance of the underwater activities” (ISPRA manual n. 94/2013; D.D.G. n.229/2016); identifying the diving equipment as Personal Protective Equipment (PPE); allowing the acquisition or renewal of ESD scientific license for the operational staff; allowing the annual medical check-up for the ESD operational staff; opening of a national call in order to acquire specialized figures, selected according to ESD Panel standards. Details of environmental monitoring activities carried out by ARPA Puglia ESDs are described in this document.
Abstract: ARPA Puglia (Italy), the Regional Agency for the Environmental Prevention and Protection, has chosen to use the Scientific Diving Operator figure (ESD) in order to meet some of the environmental monitoring activities foreseen by European Directives, such as WFD-Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC and the MSFD-Marine Strategy Framework Directive 20...
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New Discovery and Significance of Microbialites of the Middle Ordovician Majiagou Formation in Liujiang Basin, Hebei, China
Qingchun Wang,
Ping He,
Fangle Shen,
Jiangmin Du
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
189-197
Received:
23 July 2021
Accepted:
24 August 2021
Published:
31 August 2021
Abstract: The concept, classification, genesis, and significance of microbialites have been constantly improving for over a century, but they are still hot spots in the field of geology because of the strong attractions and many unsolved mysteries such as the mechanism of the microbial deposition process, the microbial induced sedimentary structures, and so on. At the same time doubt and confusion arises among students and beginners because of the mysteries. Generally, any findings of various stromatolites, oncolites, and thrombolites are all classified under microbialites. Moreover, microbialites have also been discovered from the middle Ordovician Majiagou formation in Liujiang Basin, Hebei, China. As an important geological practice base for thousands of students and beginners every year, in order to enhance the interest in geosciences the further research of the microbialites found in Liujiang Basin is necessary. In this study, the classification scheme of microbialites has been summarized. On this basis, the study shows that the main microbialites in the study area are microbial carbonate rocks, which include wavy, columnar, conical-shaped stromatolite carbonate rocks and oncolite carbonate rocks. The variety, macroscopic characteristics, and clear internal features of microbialite carbonate rocks are all have considerable significance in judging hydrodynamic conditions, sedimentary environment, paleogeographic characteristics, and biological evolution. And the evolutionary process of different kinds of microbialites has been discussed. However, the roles of microbialites in the formation mechanism and ecological significance are still need further study. With the new discovery of microbialites from the middle Ordovician Majiagou formation in Liujiang Basin, a new window of study microbialites has been opened for everyone. More findings and detailed characteristics of microbialites in this area are urgently needed during geological practice.
Abstract: The concept, classification, genesis, and significance of microbialites have been constantly improving for over a century, but they are still hot spots in the field of geology because of the strong attractions and many unsolved mysteries such as the mechanism of the microbial deposition process, the microbial induced sedimentary structures, and so ...
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