-
Research Article
Sustainable Management of the Drinking Water Supply Service in the Abiergue Watershed (Yaoundé, Cameroon)
Salomine Djimani*
,
Barthelemy Ndongo
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, August 2025
Pages:
50-61
Received:
3 July 2025
Accepted:
18 July 2025
Published:
25 July 2025
Abstract: The performance of drinking water supply service (DWSS) is a major concern for urban management policies in sub-Saharan Africa. Since the 2005s, the management of urban and peri-urban drinking water supply service in Cameroon has been gradually entrusted to the Cameroon Water Utilities Corporation (CAMWATER), which is responsible for planning, investment, and technical oversight of the distribution network. CAMWATER faces significant challenges in meeting its service delivery objectives. This study aims to assess the performance of the public drinking water supply service provided by the Yaoundé Agglomeration Regional Directorate (YARD) of CAMWATER within the Abiergue watershed. The research is based on a methodology combining field surveys, interviews with local stakeholders, and the application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to weight performance indicators. The performance evaluation of the drinking water service provided by CAMWATER in the Abiergue watershed was conducted along two complementary dimensions: qualitative performance and quantitative performance. The qualitative performance aimed to provide subscribers with better-quality service. It was assessed using two criteria based on a set of twelve indicators. These include, on the one hand, the physicochemical quality of the distributed water measured by Potential of Hydrogen (PH), turbidity, iron, manganese, color, and residual chlorine and, on the other hand, the bacteriological quality, assessed through the presence of Escherichia coli, coliform bacteria, intestinal enterococci, sulfate-reducing anaerobic bacteria, and revivable microorganisms at 22°C and 37°C. As for the quantitative performance, its goal was to ensure that subscribers receive an adequate quantity of water. This was evaluated using a single criterion composed of three indicators: daily service duration, frequency of unplanned water outages, and average daily per capita water allocation. The results reveal a satisfactory performance in terms of water quality (95%) but highlight significant weaknesses in quantitative supply (68%). The study recommends the following actions: strengthening local governance of water services by involving municipalities and users in planning and monitoring processes; implementing a proactive maintenance strategy targeting areas prone to losses and service disruptions; promoting more equitable service distribution, especially in often-marginalized peri-urban neighborhoods; and conducting regular performance evaluations using context-specific indicators and periodic audits.
Abstract: The performance of drinking water supply service (DWSS) is a major concern for urban management policies in sub-Saharan Africa. Since the 2005s, the management of urban and peri-urban drinking water supply service in Cameroon has been gradually entrusted to the Cameroon Water Utilities Corporation (CAMWATER), which is responsible for planning, inve...
Show More
-
Research Article
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Community-Based One Health Programs in Rabies Prevention and Control
Kinfe Kibebew*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, August 2025
Pages:
62-77
Received:
19 June 2025
Accepted:
3 July 2025
Published:
28 July 2025
Abstract: A rigorous mixed-methods case study design was employed, integrating quantitative household surveys and health records with qualitative interviews and focus group discussions, to evaluate the effectiveness of selected One Health initiatives implemented between February and May 2025. This comprehensive assessment critically examined the efficacy of community-based One Health interventions aimed at rabies prevention and control across four urban centers in Ethiopia: Shashemene, Hawassa, Kuyera, and Wondo Genet. Utilizing a stratified sample of 384 respondents, data collection encompassed both quantitative and qualitative dimensions to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to rabies. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were applied to analyze quantitative findings, while thematic analysis was employed to interpret qualitative data. The findings revealed a high level of rabies awareness (93.8%) and strong belief in its preventability (83.3%), predominantly attributed to timely vaccination. Participation in One Health programs was significantly associated with increased vaccination coverage, improved health-seeking behaviors, and strengthened disease surveillance and reporting systems. Nonetheless, persistent knowledge gaps were identified in rural populations, where traditional healing practices and prevalent misconceptions regarding transmission pathways continued to impede effective prevention efforts. Educational attainment was found to be a strong determinant of rabies awareness; individuals with secondary education or higher exhibited markedly greater odds of possessing accurate knowledge, as confirmed by regression analysis. Programs in Shashemene and Hawassa emerged as particularly impactful, demonstrating enhanced intersectoral coordination, robust community engagement, and effective monitoring mechanisms. The study concludes that the One Health paradigm when operationalized with cultural competence, institutional integration, and ongoing evaluation offers considerable potential for rabies elimination. It recommends that policymakers institutionalize One Health frameworks, invest in infrastructure development, and intensify community-based educational initiatives, especially in marginalized settings, to reduce rabies transmission risks and promote resilient public health systems.
Abstract: A rigorous mixed-methods case study design was employed, integrating quantitative household surveys and health records with qualitative interviews and focus group discussions, to evaluate the effectiveness of selected One Health initiatives implemented between February and May 2025. This comprehensive assessment critically examined the efficacy of ...
Show More
-
Review Article
The Importance of Variational Thinking in the Training of Engineers Case TecNM
J. Agustín Flores Avila*,
Georgina Flores Garduño,
Gabriela Amyra Flores Garduño,
Ricardo Flores Garduño,
Aníbal Flores Garduño
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, August 2025
Pages:
78-83
Received:
8 May 2025
Accepted:
23 June 2025
Published:
30 July 2025
Abstract: In the teaching of the various branches of mathematics, emphasis is placed on algorithms, to such an extent that it is common to characterize someone who is “good at doing math” as being good at math. A look is taken at the applications based on routine procedures and the conceptualization and, most importantly, the training as the final objective of the Construction of Mathematical Knowledge are left aside. Some branches of mathematics encourage the construction of a characteristic thought that, in the case of Calculus, is Variational Thinking. These thoughts imply a change in the way of understanding oneself and one’s environment, which leads to the construction of a certain neuronal arrangement that determines the difficulty of the particular branch. This work highlights the importance of Variational Thinking in the training of engineers in the Technological Education System embodied in the National Technological Institute of Mexico (TecNM). Variational Thinking allows to successfully attack the problems of change, which are characteristic of engineering, focusing its resolution not on “what formula to use” (static thinking) but on what mathematical model enables its resolution (variational thinking). It is identified as an epistemological problem, the activities to be developed to achieve the objective are described and the change of strategy is shown through the resolution of problems in which Variational Thinking is decisive. A paradigm shift occurs when trying to solve a new problem.
Abstract: In the teaching of the various branches of mathematics, emphasis is placed on algorithms, to such an extent that it is common to characterize someone who is “good at doing math” as being good at math. A look is taken at the applications based on routine procedures and the conceptualization and, most importantly, the training as the final objective ...
Show More
-
Research Article
Pre Scalingup of NPS Fertilizer Rate Recommendation Based on Phosphorus Calibration Study for Bread Wheat (TriticumAestivum L.) Production at Horo District, Western Oromia Region, Ethiopia
ChalsissaTakele*,
Mintasinnot Desalegn,
Temesgen Cimdessa,
Chaltu Regassa
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, August 2025
Pages:
84-89
Received:
24 June 2025
Accepted:
9 July 2025
Published:
31 July 2025
Abstract: A pre-scaling up activityon soil test crop response-based phosphorus calibration for bread wheat was conducted on farmers’ fields in Horo District, HoroGuduruWollega Zone, Oromia Region. The objective of this study was to popularize and create wider demand for site-specific crop response fertilizer recommendations in the area. The trial was implemented on 11 farmer fields across the district, each covering a plot area of 50m x 50m (2,500m²). The intervention applied phosphorus fertilizer rates based on soil test crop response recommendations, along with an optimum nitrogen fertilizer rate of 46kg/ha. The bread wheat variety “Danda’a” was used, sown at a seed rate of 150kg/ha. A total of 6 Farmer Research Extension Groups (FREGs) were established, comprising 64 male and 20 female members, ensuring 24% women participationto promote gender equity. The highest mean grain yield of 4,152kg/ha was recorded under the soil test crop response-based fertilizer treatment, indicating the effectiveness of this approach. Furthermore, institutional linkages were established between research centers and district and zonal agriculture offices, laying the groundwork for future collaboration. Based on the promising results and positive stakeholder engagement, it is recommended that wider scaling up/out of soil test crop response-based phosphorus fertilizer recommendations be undertaken. This effort should be coordinated and managed by agricultural officesin collaboration with relevant research institutions, extension services, and development partners to ensure sustainable and site-specific fertilizer use for increased wheat productivity.
Abstract: A pre-scaling up activityon soil test crop response-based phosphorus calibration for bread wheat was conducted on farmers’ fields in Horo District, HoroGuduruWollega Zone, Oromia Region. The objective of this study was to popularize and create wider demand for site-specific crop response fertilizer recommendations in the area. The trial was impleme...
Show More
-
Research Article
Research on Multi-player Tracking in Soccer Videos by Combining Tracking-Prediction-Detection
Gyong-Jun So,
Hak-Song Kim*,
Man-Chol Ho,
Jin-Song Ri
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, August 2025
Pages:
90-100
Received:
26 May 2025
Accepted:
1 July 2025
Published:
8 August 2025
Abstract: Unlike vehicles or pedestrians, which have relatively predictable motion patterns, soccer players try to confuse each other with unexpected changes in velocity or direction and look almost identical because of their same jerseys in each team, and they can be frequently occluded by others. The accuracy of Multi-player tracking, that is the key issue in the soccer video analysis, is highly dependent on the accuracy of the player detection, and some factors such as video quality, camera long-range defocus, noise, weather or environmental changes can also be the factors that make it difficult to accurately detect players. In this paper, we propose an approach that combines the tracking history, query prediction and detection information reasonably to improve the single-view player tracking performance and then integrates the multi-view analysis information to improve the multi-player tracking performance in soccer videos. First, in 2D single-view multi-object tracking, we combine the deep learning-based player detection/tracking result and their prediction information by the trajectory to decrease the bias and mistakes in the player detection and improve the multi-player tracking performance. And, to improve the robustness of object data association, we use an assignment cost calculation method that integrates L2-distance and Intersection over Union (IOU) between the tracking query region and the detected object region, and also use an identity assignment method that combines Hungarian method and greedy one. Then we integrate the multi-view analysis information to decrease the occlusions of the players dramatically and improve the overall tracking performance significantly. Experimental results on several soccer video datasets show that our approach exhibits significant improvements over the previous approaches in terms of Multi-Object Tracking (MOT) performance metrics such as Multi-Object Tracking Accuracy (MOTA), Number of Identity Switchs (IDS) and Multi-Object Tracking Precision (MOTP).
Abstract: Unlike vehicles or pedestrians, which have relatively predictable motion patterns, soccer players try to confuse each other with unexpected changes in velocity or direction and look almost identical because of their same jerseys in each team, and they can be frequently occluded by others. The accuracy of Multi-player tracking, that is the key issue...
Show More
-
Review Article
Analysis of Economic Efficiency of Onion Production Under Irrigation in West Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Sheleme Refera*,
Gemechisa Yadeta
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, August 2025
Pages:
101-111
Received:
24 June 2025
Accepted:
17 July 2025
Published:
18 August 2025
Abstract: The study was measures efficiencies of Onion Producers under irrigation and identify factors affecting them in in West Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Stochastic production frontier model was used to estimate technical, allocative and economic efficiency levels, whereas Tobit model was used to identify factors affecting efficiency levels. Accordingly, the mean technical, allocative and economic efficiencies of sample households were 74%, 70% and 52%, respectively. Land, seed, herbicide and insecticide, labor and oxen power were positively affected the production of onion. Although, land, seed, herbicide and insecticide were underutilized inputs but labor and oxen power were over-utilized inputs. Results of the Tobit model revealed that land allotted to onion production and credit utilization was affected technical efficiency positively but distance to the FTC was affected technical efficiency negatively. It also revealed that onion production experience, land allotted to onion production, pilot distance, distance to the market were affected allocative efficiency negatively but having own motor pump and extension contact were affected allocative efficiency positively. Besides, Family size, credit utilization and extension contact were positively affected economic efficiency of onion production but pilot distance and distance to the FTC were negatively affected economic efficiency of onion production. Results indicate that there is an opportunity to increase efficiency of onion production under irrigation in the study area. Therefore, zonal and district office of agriculture, stockholders and concerned bodies should focus above mentioned factors to improve the productivity of onion under irrigation.
Abstract: The study was measures efficiencies of Onion Producers under irrigation and identify factors affecting them in in West Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Stochastic production frontier model was used to estimate technical, allocative and economic efficiency levels, whereas Tobit model was used to identify factors affecting efficiency levels. Accordingly...
Show More
-
Research Article
Optimizing Street Vendor Profits in Olorunti Town, Cameroon: A Linear Programming Approach
Leo Tanyam Encho*,
Abraham Okolo,
Ayendoh Terrence Sama
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, August 2025
Pages:
112-118
Received:
15 July 2025
Accepted:
28 July 2025
Published:
29 August 2025
Abstract: Street vending is a prominent aspect of the informal economy in many urban areas, providing essential goods and services to local communities while offering a livelihood to countless individuals. This paper explores the application of linear programming (LP) as a strategic tool for profit maximization among street vendors in Market Square, Olorunti Town. Street vending plays a pivotal role in the informal economy, particularly in developing regions, by providing affordable goods and services while offering livelihoods to many individuals. Despite their contributions to local economies, street vendors face significant challenges, including competition, regulatory constraints, and limited financial resources. This study employs linear programming to analyze resource allocation and identify optimal strategies for profit maximization. By addressing the dynamics of profit management, the research aims to provide actionable insights for street vendors to enhance their business sustainability and growth. The results show that LP can assist street vendors make informed decisions regarding pricing, inventory management, and resource allocation, ultimately leading to improved financial outcomes.
Abstract: Street vending is a prominent aspect of the informal economy in many urban areas, providing essential goods and services to local communities while offering a livelihood to countless individuals. This paper explores the application of linear programming (LP) as a strategic tool for profit maximization among street vendors in Market Square, Olorunti...
Show More
-
Research Article
Assessment of Abattoir Procedures and Zoonotic Diseases Common in Cattle Slaughtered in Lokpanta Cattle Market
Dike Maduabuchi Chizuruoke,
Obisike Victor Ugochukwu*,
Nawugo Victor Oluoha,
Enwereji Ezinne Ezinna,
Okoye Princess Lynda Chinaza
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, August 2025
Pages:
119-127
Received:
21 July 2025
Accepted:
12 August 2025
Published:
29 August 2025
Abstract: Zoonotic diseases pose significant public health risks in abattoir settings, necessitating effective practices to prevent transmission. This study assessed abattoir procedures and zoonotic diseases common in cattle slaughtered at the Lokpanta cattle market in Abia State, Nigeria, from 2021 to 2024. A mixed study approach was employed, utilizing secondary data from abattoir records, veterinary reports and observational study. About eleven thousand eighty eight (11088) cattle were slaughtered from 2021-2024 The study revealed significant gaps in hygiene, sanitation, and personal protective equipment (PPE) usage. Only one hand-washing facility was available, and equipment cleaning was irregular. PPE usage was alarmingly low, with only a small proportion of workers using gloves, protective clothing, or face masks. Waste management practices were inadequate, with no wastewater treatment system in place. However, regular ante-mortem and post-mortem inspections were conducted. Tuberculosis was the most prevalent zoonotic disease, with rates ranging from 14.3% to 18.4% across the study period. Brucellosis prevalence remained relatively low at around 1.0%, while cysticercosis ranged from 1.0% to 1.11%. Dermatophytosis was detected in 1.5% to 3.0% of cattle. Seasonal variations were observed, with the highest disease prevalence during the dry season (November-March) and the lowest during the rainy season (April-October). The study identified a clear relationship between poor hygiene practices and the prevalence of zoonotic diseases. Recommendations include improving sanitation practices, enforcing PPE usage, implementing proper waste management systems, and enhancing worker training. These findings underscore the urgent need for coordinated efforts between abattoir management, public health authorities, and policymakers to create safer and more sustainable abattoir practices in Nigeria.
Abstract: Zoonotic diseases pose significant public health risks in abattoir settings, necessitating effective practices to prevent transmission. This study assessed abattoir procedures and zoonotic diseases common in cattle slaughtered at the Lokpanta cattle market in Abia State, Nigeria, from 2021 to 2024. A mixed study approach was employed, utilizing sec...
Show More
