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Household Waste Quantities and Problem of Management in Port Harcourt
Umunnakwe Johnbosco Emeka,
Njoku Richard Ebere,
Aharanwa Bibiana Chimezie,
Umunnakwe Bernadine Akuoma
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
1-10
Received:
11 December 2020
Accepted:
3 February 2021
Published:
27 February 2021
Abstract: The research evaluated the progressive increase and in-depth analysis of the quantity and the percentage composition of household waste generated and the problems of management in Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers state of Nigeria. The accumulation of large quantities of household waste in the city and the unsustainable management is worrisome because of the strategic position of Port Harcourt as the hub of multinational companies especially in the oil and gas sector in Nigeria and its status as the garden city. This has led to flooding as it blocks the drains, poor aesthetics, increased surface temperature as a result of emissions of greenhouse gases and a factor to public health risk. The state government in 2001 set up a technical committee on urban solid waste management for Port Harcourt metropolis to prepare a blue print on solid waste management between 2001 and 2031 and quantitative determination of household wastes generated. This present research work focused on data gathering of volume of household wastes generated and their compositions ten years after field work data of the committee. The results of the research indicated that a total of 647,066 metric tonnes of household waste was generated by an estimated population of 1,911,000 inhabitants in Port Harcourt and the percentage composition is as follows, food waste 44.5%, sachet bags 17.3%, paper 15.7%, plastics 7.5%, garden waste 4.4%, Textile 2.2%, Electricals, 1.8%, glass 1.2%, Napies and others 1.3%. There was an appreciable increase from the quantity generated in 2001 which was 342,352 tonnes by an estimated population of 1,148,000. The progressive rise in the quantity of household waste generated without any appropriate management strategy in place remains an obstacle to sustainable waste management in Port Harcourt metropolis. It is recommended that key elements of waste management and modern waste management strategies of prevention and reduction, reuse, recycling and recovery operations be adopted by people, government, service providers in Port Harcourt metropolis.
Abstract: The research evaluated the progressive increase and in-depth analysis of the quantity and the percentage composition of household waste generated and the problems of management in Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers state of Nigeria. The accumulation of large quantities of household waste in the city and the unsustainable management is worrisome becau...
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Growth Performance Evaluation of Crossbred Male Calves of Holstein Friesian with Arsi Cattle Fed on Different Dietary Ration
Genet Dadi,
Ashebir Worku,
Aman Gudeto,
Tesfye Alemu Tucho,
Mieso Guru,
Frehiwot Mesele,
Girma Debele
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
11-15
Received:
4 December 2020
Accepted:
6 February 2021
Published:
10 March 2021
Abstract: The study was done at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center (ATARC) to investigate the effect of different dietary ration on growth performance of crossbred male calves and to identify the most economical feeding dietary ration. Three dietary treatments rations (treatment one=65% wheat bran+ 35% Cotton seed cake, treatment two=50% wheat bran + 49% Noug cake and treatment three=20% Maize grain + 45% wheat bran + 35% Noug seed cakes) were evaluated. Complete Randomized Block Design was used to assign eighteen cross bred male calves randomly to three dietary rations. All experimental calves were supplemented dietary rations based on their body weight at the rate of 2.5% of their live body weight throughout the experimental period. The results indicated that there were significant difference in average daily weight gain and total weight gain between crossbred male calves fed with dietary T1 and T3. Calves fed with dietary ration T1 and T2 numerically difference in final body weight, even though not statistically significant. Partial budget analysis indicated that there was no significant difference among calves fed with three dietary feed rations. But cross bred male calves fed with dietary treatment T2 was numerically higher in gross margin as compared to T1 and T3 rations. Further evaluation of different dietary rations on growth performance of yearling age (1-1.5 years old) cross bred bull calves were warranted to attain export market live weight at early age.
Abstract: The study was done at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center (ATARC) to investigate the effect of different dietary ration on growth performance of crossbred male calves and to identify the most economical feeding dietary ration. Three dietary treatments rations (treatment one=65% wheat bran+ 35% Cotton seed cake, treatment two=50% wheat bran + 49...
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Trees Outside Forest: Carbon Stock and Socio-economic Contribution
Bobby Thapa,
Sandesh Bolakhe,
Basudev Pokhrel
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
16-22
Received:
9 September 2019
Accepted:
5 October 2019
Published:
17 March 2021
Abstract: Trees Outside Forest (TOF) are considered important from an environmental, economic and social perspective. Due to its spatial heterogeneity and distribution patterns, the assessment of TOF and its importance is largely absent. The current study was carried out to assess the major TOFs, carbon stocks contained and socio-economic contribution of TOFs in Banepa Municipality. A stratified random sampling method was used for the collection of data (i.e. agriculture land, settlement area and other than agriculture and settlement). Circular plots of 1,000 m2 having a radius of 17.84 m were laid out randomly in all three strata. A questionnaire survey and field observation was done to explore the socio-economic contribution of TOF. During the study, a total of 28 tree species were recorded. Socio-economic contribution of TOF were converted and presented in terms of monetary value per household per year (NRs/hh/yr), i.e. firewood (960 NRs/hh/yr), fruits (820 NRs/hh/yr), selling whole tree (5500 NRs/hh/yr), timber (25500 NRs/hh/yr) and fodder (4543 NRs/hh/yr). About 23% of the TOF are mostly used for fodder collection and the other 23% of TOF for fruit collection. The total carbon stock was calculated to be 5.76 ton/ha (1.39ton/ha in agriculture land, 2.09ton/ha in the settlement area, and 2.27 ton/ha in other than agriculture or settlement) in the study area and the average carbon stock was calculated to be 1.92 ton/ha. Species-wise carbon stock was calculated where Prunus cerasoides and Alnus nepalensis were found to have a higher contribution in carbon storage. Hence, there is a visible impact of TOF in carbon storage and socio-economic improvement of local people.
Abstract: Trees Outside Forest (TOF) are considered important from an environmental, economic and social perspective. Due to its spatial heterogeneity and distribution patterns, the assessment of TOF and its importance is largely absent. The current study was carried out to assess the major TOFs, carbon stocks contained and socio-economic contribution of TOF...
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Effects of Climate Change and Natural Disasters on Cattle Farming in Selected Areas of Bangladesh: A Preliminary Investigation
Md. Ruhul Amin,
S. M. Jahangir Hossain,
Md. Ahsanul Kabir,
Md. Faizul Hossain Miraz,
Md. Shahin Alam,
Subrata Sarker
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
23-28
Received:
25 February 2021
Accepted:
15 March 2021
Published:
26 March 2021
Abstract: Climate change and natural disasters have unequivocal impacts on global agricultural production systems thereby its threats hampering food production and security. The current study was undertaken to identify the natural disasters affecting cattle farming along with the strength of the ability of the farmers to tackle cattle against natural disaster and knowledge and feelings on the impact of climate change in the Bangladesh perspective. A total of 719 cattle rearing households were surveyed from selected 14 upazilas of 9 districts. Data were analyzed with SPSS 20.0 software using descriptive statistics. From the study, it was found that most of the households (95.13%) were farm households depending on agricultural activities. The average herd sizes of indigenous, Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) and crossbred cattle were 3.84, 2.67, and 7.64 respectively. The average number of bull calf/bull in the case of indigenous (2.22) and RCC (2.43) were higher indicating that farmers were mainly reared these genotypes of cattle for fattening purpose and in the case of crossbred the average number of the milch cow was higher (3.04) indicating farmers rearing crossbred cattle mainly for dairy purpose. However, irrespective of areas 52.97% of cattle rearing farmers thought that natural disaster affected their cattle rearing and the highest 62.08% of farmers thought that the cattle rearing affected by flood followed by cyclone (57.83%), heavy rainfall (54.00%), thunderstorm (44.79%), drought (24.07%) and river erosion (9.66%). Moreover, overall 43.71% of cattle farmers and the highest 88.89% cattle farmers in Sylhet district reported that they were unable to tackle cattle against natural disasters. Furthermore, overall 12.95% of cattle farmers found they were ignorant about the climate change issues. The farmers in Bandarban (100.00%), Tangail (66.67%), Jessore (94.87%), and Rajshahi (76.19%) districts were had knowledge and feeling, on the other hand in Kurigram (97.83%) and Mymensingh (45.45%) districts farmers had no knowledge and feeling over climate change issues. Cattle farmers assumed that cattle health (64.22%) and production performance (49.09%) were mostly affected by climate change issues. Climate change effect and increasing weather extremes, directly and indirectly affects cattle rearing, thus impose bigger consequences to the livestock economy, alongside national food security. There has been no direct study conducted on the effects of climate change on cattle rearing in Bangladesh. This study affords to explore the effects of climate change and natural disasters on cattle rearing and provides preliminary guidelines to policymakers and for further research in the Bangladesh perspective.
Abstract: Climate change and natural disasters have unequivocal impacts on global agricultural production systems thereby its threats hampering food production and security. The current study was undertaken to identify the natural disasters affecting cattle farming along with the strength of the ability of the farmers to tackle cattle against natural disaste...
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