Abstract: Penetrating cardiac injury refers to traumatic injury to the heart secondary to penetrating action. This includes injury such as stab, gunshot, and accidental impalements. Hemorrhage, cardiac tamponade, and cardiac failure are the three major disoders associated with penetrating cardiac injury. Patients with cardiac injury have varying clinical conditions from hemodynamically stable to cardiac arrest. Due to this presentation the detection and management of cardiac injury is a great challenge. When this injury occurred in a setting where there is no diagnostic imaging, equipment, or cardiac surgeon, it is a nightmare for the emergency physician. Here we will present a 27 year old male who sustained stab injury to his left chest around the pericardial area which resulted in cardiac tamponade. He was managed with emergency thoracotomy with cardiorrhaphy and discharged improved. Although cardiac trauma accounts about only 1% of chest trauma, it is still has increased mortality and morbidity. Emergency thoracotomy, preferable anterolateral approach, should be done once cardiac injury with tamponade is diagnosed if experienced surgeon is available. But in the setting experienced surgeon is not available one should go for pericardiocentesis as stabilization and for possible transportation of the patient to center capable of doing emergency thoracotomy. In conclusion, having high index of suspicion for cardiac injury, timely transportation, and early operative intervention will have good outcome in patient who sustained penetrating cardiac injury with tamponade. And the result of this case report shows the successful management of cardiac injury with tamponade in resource limited settings.Abstract: Penetrating cardiac injury refers to traumatic injury to the heart secondary to penetrating action. This includes injury such as stab, gunshot, and accidental impalements. Hemorrhage, cardiac tamponade, and cardiac failure are the three major disoders associated with penetrating cardiac injury. Patients with cardiac injury have varying clinical con...Show More
Abstract: Background: Blood transfusion according to the World Health Organization is the transfer of blood or blood constitute from an individual donor to another transfused. Despite the efforts made in the field of immuno-haematology, the transfusion of packed red blood cells or whole blood brings foreign antigens to the recipients. The risk of occurrence of anti-erythrocyte allo-immunization is therefore greater in polytransfused subjects and increases with the number of bags of packed red blood cells transfused. The main objective was to determine the risks of posttransfusion allo-immunization of the Rhesus and Kell systems in recipients of the HRB blood bank. Methodology: We conducted a descriptive and cross-sectional study by successive recruitment over a period of 10 months including a one-month data collection period during which 145 participants (81 donors and 64 blood recipients) were recruited. A venous blood sample was taken on an EDTA tube and dry. ABO blood groups followed by Rhesus and Kell phenotypes were determined in the tube. Results: Out of the 81 donors, 82.70% (67) were men, the age group [20-30] years was more represented 56.80% (46); the familiar donor status was the most representative at 48.10% (39). Of the 64 recipients, the male sex was the most representative 53.13% (34); the age group [00-10] years was more represented, i.e. 23% (15). Blood group O was more representatives, ie 51.90% (42) /40.60% (26). In the Rhesus system, the Dce (Dccee) phenotype was the most represented, 58.0% (47) in donors and 59.4% (38) in recipients. The K1 antigen was present in 24.7% (20) of donors and 18.8% (12) of recipients. We obtained a risk of allo-immunization of 40.61% in the Rhesus system and 15.62% in the Kell system. Thus the risks of alloimmunization were more represented by the incompatibilities with the antigen E (21.87%), K (15.62%) and C (15.62%). The Chi-square test of independence and linear regression showed that the risk of alloimmunization increases with the number of non-compatible blood bags received with an OR: 0.98, ICOR [3.05-9.26]. Conclusion: In view of the various incompatibilities and high risk of occurrence of alloimmunization, Rhesus/Kell phenotyping is an effective means of preventing post-transfusion alloimmunization and improving transfusion safety and even the transfusion outcome of recipients.Abstract: Background: Blood transfusion according to the World Health Organization is the transfer of blood or blood constitute from an individual donor to another transfused. Despite the efforts made in the field of immuno-haematology, the transfusion of packed red blood cells or whole blood brings foreign antigens to the recipients. The risk of occurrence ...Show More
Abstract: Four groups of rats (three in each cage) were fed with conventional feed, supplemented with known percentages of crushed garlic paste – thoroughly mixed (5%, 10%, 20% and 30%). A fifth group – control was fed with garlic free feed. In the second phase of the work, three groups of three rats each, were kept in separate cages and fed with conventional rat feeds supplemented with 5% fresh garlic which was incooperated into the feed as (i) garlic water extract – sample G (ii) garlic paste/honey mix – sample H (iii) crushed garlic paste – sample I. The rats in both phases were fed for twenty one (21) days, during which period the weights, feed intake and weight of droppings were recorded at three days’ intervals. The blood samples of the experimental rats were also harvested at the end of 21 days and lipid analysis carried out on them. Result of the preliminary experiments showed that group A rats (fed with 5% garlic supplemented feed) had a significantly lower level of total cholesterol 6.5 Mmol/ml compared to 7.3Mmol/ml of the control (group E). In the second phase, the 5% garlic incooperated as crushed garlic, recorded low density lipoprotein (LDL) of 0.5 Mmol/ml compared to 1.2 and 1.1 Mmol/ml shown respectively by the control an d group C (garlic water extract) groups respectively. Ingesting or applying garlic in different therapeutic forms was shown or demonstrated to be capable of producing different results with regards to studied lipid parameters.Abstract: Four groups of rats (three in each cage) were fed with conventional feed, supplemented with known percentages of crushed garlic paste – thoroughly mixed (5%, 10%, 20% and 30%). A fifth group – control was fed with garlic free feed. In the second phase of the work, three groups of three rats each, were kept in separate cages and fed with conventiona...Show More
