A Systematic Review of Kidney Stones in West and North Africa: Comparing the Epidemiological Profile and Therapeutic Strategies in Burkina Faso and Morocco
Purpose: This systematic review aims to compare the epidemiological profile and therapeutic modalities of kidney stones between Morocco (MAR) and Burkina Faso (BF). Methods: We conducted a systematic review based on a structured search of literature published between 2004 and 2023 in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and African Journals Online (AJOL), as well as manual searches of relevant urology journals. The included studies focused on the epidemiology and management of kidney stones in both countries. Data were extracted and synthesized qualitatively. The quality of included studies was assessed using appropriate tools for observational studies. Data collected included prevalence, patient profiles, and the therapeutic techniques used. Results: Analysis of hospital prevalence data from included studies showed rates of was 25.36% in Morocco and 12.52% in Burkina Faso. In both countries, the renal location was predominant (>80%), mainly affecting young adults (median age 35–40 years). Male predominance was observed (sex ratio 1.9 in Burkina Faso and 1.27 in Morocco). Calcium oxalate was the main stone component. Morocco favored minimally invasive techniques, especially percutaneous nephrolithotomy and flexible ureteroscopy. In contrast, open surgery was used in over 90% of cases in Burkina Faso. Conclusion: Renal lithiasis is increasing similarly in both Morocco and Burkina Faso, in line with the westernization of lifestyles. However, significant disparities persist in access to modern therapeutic modalities. The technological gap in therapeutic management highlights the need to strengthen South-South cooperation to improve access to minimally invasive techniques in West Africa.
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This condition has been known since ancient times and remains closely linked to human history. It reflects sanitary conditions, dietary habits, and socioeconomic status, and continues to evolve both epidemiologically and etiologically. Since antiquity, it has been indicative of population-level hygiene and nutrition
[3]
Daudon M, Traxer O, Lechevallier E, Saussine C. [Epidemiology of urinary lithiasis]. Prog Urol. 2008; 18(12): 802-814.
. Today, its evolution is marked by the westernization of lifestyles, particularly in developing countries.
Over the past 25 years, significant changes have occurred in these regions, with renal stones becoming predominant and calcium oxalate the primary component
[4]
Daudon M, Bounxouei B, Santa Cruz F, Leite Da Silva S, et al. [Composition of stones observed today in non-industrialized countries]. Prog Urol. 2004; 14(6): 1151-1161.
[4]
. While global trends are well-documented
[2]
Stamatelou K, Goldfarb DS. Epidemiology of Kidney Stones. Healthcare (Basel). 2023; 11(3): 424.
Abago B, Toyi T, Agbéko DK, Liganimpo D, Dzidzonu, et al. [Urinary lithiasis: epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects at the Sylvanus Olympio university hospital in Lome]. RAFMI. 2021; 8: 31-38.
[6]
Daudon M, Haymann JP, Estrade V, et al. 2022 Recommendations of the AFU Lithiasis Committee: Epidemiology, stone analysis and composition. Prog Urol. 2023; 33(11): 737-765.
, regional variations across Africa are less explored. Morocco, in North Africa, and Burkina Faso, in West Africa, represent two distinct healthcare systems with different economic realities and access to technology.
The aim of this study is to systematically compare the epidemiological profile and therapeutic approaches to kidney stone management between Burkina Faso and Morocco, two African countries with differing healthcare trajectories but shared challenges to identify disparities and potential avenues for collaborative improvement.
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Search Strategy
We conducted a systematic review following best practices for the synthesis of observational studies. A comprehensive search was performed for scientific literature published between January 2004 and December 2023. Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and African Journals Online (AJOL) were searched using a combination of keywords and MeSH terms: ("urolithiasis" OR "kidney stone" OR "nephrolithiasis") AND ("epidemiology" OR "therapy" OR "management") AND ("Burkina Faso" OR "Morocco" OR "Africa, Northern" OR "Africa, Western"). The search was supplemented by a manual review of references from retrieved articles and key regional urology journals.
2.2. Study Selection and Eligibility Criteria
Studies were included if they were: (1) original observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional) or clinical series; (2) conducted in human populations within Burkina Faso or Morocco; (3) reported on the epidemiology (prevalence, age, sex, location, composition) and/or therapeutic management of renal lithiasis; (4) published in English or French. Reviews, commentaries, and case reports were excluded.
2.3. Data Extraction and Quality Assessment
Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts for eligibility. Data were extracted using a standardized form capturing: first author, publication year, study period, study design, sample size, demographic data, stone characteristics, and treatment modalities. Any discrepancies were resolved through consensus. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklists for prevalence studies and case series.
2.4. Data Synthesis
Due to the anticipated heterogeneity in study designs, populations, and outcome reporting, a meta-analysis was not feasible. Therefore, a narrative synthesis was performed. Data were summarized descriptively and presented in tables to compare the epidemiological and therapeutic profiles between the two countries.
3. Results
3.1. Study Selection and Characteristics
The initial database search yielded 85 records. After removing duplicates and screening titles and abstracts, 18 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Finally, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis (6 from Morocco
[7]
Boumzaoued H, Laziri F, El Lekhlifi Z, Qarro A, El Assyry A. Prevalence of urinary lithiasis in the Moulay Ismail Military Hospital (Meknes-Morocco). J Mater Environ Sci. 2015; 6(6): 1578-1583.
[8]
Laziri F, Rhazi Filali F, Ossama A, Soulaymani A, Qarro A, Lezrek M. [Factors involved in the epidemiology of Moroccan urinary stones]. J Maroc Urol. 2009; 19.
[9]
Dami F, Chouhani B, Elhabbani R, Tazi N, Kabbali N, Arrayhani M, et al. [Epidemiological profile of lithiasic patients]. Nephrol Ther. 2015; 11(5): 406.
Laziri F, Rhazifilali F, Amchhoud I. [Retrospective study of urinary lithiasis at the Hassan II Hospital in the province of Settat (Morocco)]. Afr J Urol. 2009; 15(2): 117-123.
[11]
Zahraoui MR. [Laparoscopy in urology: which indications for which pathologies]. [Medical Thesis]. Marrakech; 2010. No 110.
[12]
Saouli A. [Laparoscopic treatment of upper urinary tract stones: Experience of the urology department -B-]. [End of Study Dissertation]. Rabat; 2021. No MS112.
[7-12]
and 5 from Burkina Faso
[13]
Kaboré FA, Kambou T, Zango B, Ouattara A, Simporé M, Lougué/Sorgho C, et al. [Epidemiology of a cohort of 450 urinary stones at the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)]. Prog Urol. 2013; 23(12): 971-976.
Kambou T, Traoré AC, Zango B, Ouattara T, et al. Upper urinary tract stones at the Souro Sanou University Hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). Afr J Urol. 2005; 11(1): 55-60.
[15]
Traoré MT, Kaboré M, Ouédraogo S, Ouédraogo S, Kambiré JL. [Epidemiology of urinary lithiasis in the northern region of Burkina Faso]. *Ann Univ Ouaga 1 Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo*. 2018; Série D(021): 208-214.
[16]
Kirakoya B, Kaboré FA, Kaboré M, Ouédraogo WR, Paré AK. Infrared spectrophotometry analysis of the composition of upper urinary tract lithiasis from Burkina Faso. Uro'Andro. 2019; 2(1): 29-33.
[17]
Paré AK, Ouattara A, Yé D, et al. [Upper urinary tract stones: epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects at the Sourô Sanou University Hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso]. Afr J Urol. 2023; 25(4): 161-169.
[13-17]
). The included studies comprised cross-sectional analyses and retrospective clinical series. A flow diagram of the study selection process according to PRISMA guidelines is presented in Figure 1. The main reasons for exclusion at the full-text stage were wrong study design (e.g., case reports, n=2), wrong population (e.g., studies on children only, n=2), and articles not focusing on epidemiology or management (n=3). No disputes arose between reviewers during the selection process.
Hospital prevalence of urolithiasis was estimated at 25.36% in Morocco
[7]
Boumzaoued H, Laziri F, El Lekhlifi Z, Qarro A, El Assyry A. Prevalence of urinary lithiasis in the Moulay Ismail Military Hospital (Meknes-Morocco). J Mater Environ Sci. 2015; 6(6): 1578-1583.
[7]
and 12.52% in Burkina Faso
[13]
Kaboré FA, Kambou T, Zango B, Ouattara A, Simporé M, Lougué/Sorgho C, et al. [Epidemiology of a cohort of 450 urinary stones at the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)]. Prog Urol. 2013; 23(12): 971-976.
. Renal localization was predominant in both countries, accounting for 82.60% of cases in Morocco
[8]
Laziri F, Rhazi Filali F, Ossama A, Soulaymani A, Qarro A, Lezrek M. [Factors involved in the epidemiology of Moroccan urinary stones]. J Maroc Urol. 2009; 19.
[8]
and 81.66% in Burkina Faso
[14]
Kambou T, Traoré AC, Zango B, Ouattara T, et al. Upper urinary tract stones at the Souro Sanou University Hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). Afr J Urol. 2005; 11(1): 55-60.
[14]
. The median age was 35 years in Burkina Faso
[5]
Abago B, Toyi T, Agbéko DK, Liganimpo D, Dzidzonu, et al. [Urinary lithiasis: epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects at the Sylvanus Olympio university hospital in Lome]. RAFMI. 2021; 8: 31-38.
[5]
and approximately 40 years in Morocco
[6]
Daudon M, Haymann JP, Estrade V, et al. 2022 Recommendations of the AFU Lithiasis Committee: Epidemiology, stone analysis and composition. Prog Urol. 2023; 33(11): 737-765.
. Regarding sex distribution, the male-to-female ratio was 1.9 in Burkina Faso
[15]
Traoré MT, Kaboré M, Ouédraogo S, Ouédraogo S, Kambiré JL. [Epidemiology of urinary lithiasis in the northern region of Burkina Faso]. *Ann Univ Ouaga 1 Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo*. 2018; Série D(021): 208-214.
[15]
and 1.27 in Morocco
[9]
Dami F, Chouhani B, Elhabbani R, Tazi N, Kabbali N, Arrayhani M, et al. [Epidemiological profile of lithiasic patients]. Nephrol Ther. 2015; 11(5): 406.
. Urban patients were the majority, representing 74.8% in Burkina Faso
[13]
Kaboré FA, Kambou T, Zango B, Ouattara A, Simporé M, Lougué/Sorgho C, et al. [Epidemiology of a cohort of 450 urinary stones at the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)]. Prog Urol. 2013; 23(12): 971-976.
Laziri F, Rhazi Filali F, Ossama A, Soulaymani A, Qarro A, Lezrek M. [Factors involved in the epidemiology of Moroccan urinary stones]. J Maroc Urol. 2009; 19.
[8]
. Analysis of stone composition revealed a predominance of calcium oxalate in 64.9% of cases in Burkina Faso
[16]
Kirakoya B, Kaboré FA, Kaboré M, Ouédraogo WR, Paré AK. Infrared spectrophotometry analysis of the composition of upper urinary tract lithiasis from Burkina Faso. Uro'Andro. 2019; 2(1): 29-33.
[16]
and 61% in Morocco
[9]
Dami F, Chouhani B, Elhabbani R, Tazi N, Kabbali N, Arrayhani M, et al. [Epidemiological profile of lithiasic patients]. Nephrol Ther. 2015; 11(5): 406.
. The epidemiological profile of kidney stones in the two countries is given in Table 1.
Table 1. Epidemiological profile of renal stones in both countries.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA
MOROCCO
BURKINA FASO
Hospital prevalence
25,36%
12,50%
Renal location of stones
82,64%
81,66%
Mean age (in years)
40
35
Sex ratio
1,27
1,90
Urban area
70,90%
74,80%
Composition of stones (Calcium oxalate)
61,00%
64,90%
3.3. Therapeutic Modalities
In Morocco, minimally invasive techniques are predominantly used to treat kidney stones. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) was performed in 49.48% of cases, followed by flexible ureteroscopy (URS) in 38.78%, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in 5.7%, and open surgery in 2.13% of cases
[7]
Boumzaoued H, Laziri F, El Lekhlifi Z, Qarro A, El Assyry A. Prevalence of urinary lithiasis in the Moulay Ismail Military Hospital (Meknes-Morocco). J Mater Environ Sci. 2015; 6(6): 1578-1583.
[7]
. Laparoscopic surgery is also performed, accounting for 9.74% of procedures in Marrakech
[11]
Zahraoui MR. [Laparoscopy in urology: which indications for which pathologies]. [Medical Thesis]. Marrakech; 2010. No 110.
[11]
and up to 48.50% in Rabat
[12]
Saouli A. [Laparoscopic treatment of upper urinary tract stones: Experience of the urology department -B-]. [End of Study Dissertation]. Rabat; 2021. No MS112.
[12]
.
In Burkina Faso, open surgery remains the main method for stone removal, used in over 90% of cases
[14]
Kambou T, Traoré AC, Zango B, Ouattara T, et al. Upper urinary tract stones at the Souro Sanou University Hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). Afr J Urol. 2005; 11(1): 55-60.
[17]
Paré AK, Ouattara A, Yé D, et al. [Upper urinary tract stones: epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects at the Sourô Sanou University Hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso]. Afr J Urol. 2023; 25(4): 161-169.
[14, 17]
. Therapeutic modalities for kidney stones in both countries are given in Table 2.
Table 2. Therapeutic modalities for kidney stones in both countries.
THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES
MOROCCO
BURKINA FASO
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)
49,48%
00
Flexible Ureteroscopy (URS/S)
38,78%
00
Extracorporeal Lithotripsy (ESL)
05,70%
00
Laparoscopic Surgery
09,74%
00
Conventional Surgery
02,13%
> 90%
4. Discussion
4.1. Epidemiological Analysis
This study reveals several similarities between Morocco and Burkina Faso regarding renal lithiasis. High hospital prevalence in both countries reflects the growing burden of this condition, despite variation in reported rates. This variability may stem from differences in study methodology and the availability of hospital data, as well as potential regional variations within each country. The predominance of renal stones (>80%) is consistent with global trends, where nephrolithiasis constitutes the majority of urinary stones
[3]
Daudon M, Traxer O, Lechevallier E, Saussine C. [Epidemiology of urinary lithiasis]. Prog Urol. 2008; 18(12): 802-814.
Daudon M, Bounxouei B, Santa Cruz F, Leite Da Silva S, et al. [Composition of stones observed today in non-industrialized countries]. Prog Urol. 2004; 14(6): 1151-1161.
[3, 4]
. The median age of 35–40 years confirms that urolithiasis primarily affects young adults in their reproductive and working years
[3]
Daudon M, Traxer O, Lechevallier E, Saussine C. [Epidemiology of urinary lithiasis]. Prog Urol. 2008; 18(12): 802-814.
, suggesting hormonal, anatomical, and behavioral factors in stone formation among men. The large proportion of urban patients may be attributed to environmental factors (sedentary lifestyle, westernized diet), but also to better access to healthcare services, resulting in more frequent diagnosis and treatment compared to rural areas where cases often go undiagnosed
[3]
Daudon M, Traxer O, Lechevallier E, Saussine C. [Epidemiology of urinary lithiasis]. Prog Urol. 2008; 18(12): 802-814.
Gadzhiev N, Prosyannikov M, Malkhasyan V, et al. Urolithiasis prevalence in the Russian Federation: analysis of trends over a 15-year period. World J Urol. 2021; 39(10): 3939–3944.
. The increasing urbanization of West and North Africa may thus explain the growing prevalence of urolithiasis. The dominance of calcium oxalate stones reflects the epidemiological transition in developing countries due to dietary changes and gradual industrialization
[4]
Daudon M, Bounxouei B, Santa Cruz F, Leite Da Silva S, et al. [Composition of stones observed today in non-industrialized countries]. Prog Urol. 2004; 14(6): 1151-1161.
[4]
.
4.2. Therapeutic Analysis
Comparison of therapeutic strategies reveals a marked disparity between the two countries, which is the most significant finding of this review. In Morocco, kidney stone management aligns with international standards, with widespread use of minimally invasive techniques such as PCNL and URS
[19]
Chabannes É, Bensalah K, Carpentier X, Bringer JP, et al. Management of adult’s renal and ureteral stones. Update of the Lithiasis Committee of the French association of urology (CLAFU). General considerations. Prog Urol. 2013; 23(16): 1389-1399.
Abid N, Conort P, Franquet Q, et al. [2022 Recommendations of the AFU Lithiasis Committee: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy]. Prog Urol. 2023; 33(11): 854-863.
. The adoption of laparoscopic surgery in some Moroccan centers demonstrates high technical expertise and good access to modern equipment. In contrast, open surgery remains the main approach in Burkina Faso, used in more than 90% of renal lithiasis procedures
[14]
Kambou T, Traoré AC, Zango B, Ouattara T, et al. Upper urinary tract stones at the Souro Sanou University Hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). Afr J Urol. 2005; 11(1): 55-60.
[17]
Paré AK, Ouattara A, Yé D, et al. [Upper urinary tract stones: epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects at the Sourô Sanou University Hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso]. Afr J Urol. 2023; 25(4): 161-169.
[14, 17]
. This highlights the limited access to minimally invasive technologies, likely due to financial, logistical, and training constraints. According to current recommendations
[19]
Chabannes É, Bensalah K, Carpentier X, Bringer JP, et al. Management of adult’s renal and ureteral stones. Update of the Lithiasis Committee of the French association of urology (CLAFU). General considerations. Prog Urol. 2013; 23(16): 1389-1399.
Abid N, Conort P, Franquet Q, et al. [2022 Recommendations of the AFU Lithiasis Committee: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy]. Prog Urol. 2023; 33(11): 854-863.
Meria P, Raynal G, Denis E, et al. 2022 Recommendations of the AFU Lithiasis Committee: Management of symptomatic urinary stones. Prog Urol. 2023; 33(11): 791-811.
, open surgery should be reserved for complex cases or failures of minimally invasive techniques. The almost exclusive reliance on open surgery in Burkina Faso underscores the need to strengthen local capacity in endourological techniques.
5. Study Limitations
This study has certain limitations, primarily due to the retrospective nature of the data and methodological heterogeneity among the series compared, which precluded a quantitative meta-analysis. Moreover, the absence of systematic national registries for urolithiasis limits the generalizability of the findings to the entire population. Finally, disparities in hospital infrastructure among the centers studied may introduce interpretation bias. The quality assessment of included studies revealed variations in methodological rigor, which should be considered when interpreting the results.
6. Perspectives
Promoting South-South medical cooperation is essential to improving urolithiasis management in Africa. Morocco, with its advanced technical infrastructure, could serve as a key partner in training Burkinabè urologists in minimally invasive techniques. Moreover, initiatives to develop interventional urology tailored to local resources should be encouraged in Burkina Faso. Future research should include prospective, multi-center studies in both countries to generate higher-quality, more comparable data.
7. Conclusion
This comparative systematic review highlights some epidemiological similarities between Morocco and Burkina Faso, with a rising trend in renal lithiasis in both countries, driven by factors such as healthcare conditions, dietary habits, and living standards increasingly resembling those of industrialized countries. However, there is a major disparity in therapeutic means, with Morocco offering a more advanced technical platform that aligns with international guidelines. This disparity opens avenues for knowledge sharing and collaboration between the two countries in a spirit of solidarity, which is crucial for bridging the technological gap and improving urologic care across the region.
Daudon M, Bounxouei B, Santa Cruz F, Leite Da Silva S, et al. [Composition of stones observed today in non-industrialized countries]. Prog Urol. 2004; 14(6): 1151-1161.
[5]
Abago B, Toyi T, Agbéko DK, Liganimpo D, Dzidzonu, et al. [Urinary lithiasis: epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects at the Sylvanus Olympio university hospital in Lome]. RAFMI. 2021; 8: 31-38.
[6]
Daudon M, Haymann JP, Estrade V, et al. 2022 Recommendations of the AFU Lithiasis Committee: Epidemiology, stone analysis and composition. Prog Urol. 2023; 33(11): 737-765.
Boumzaoued H, Laziri F, El Lekhlifi Z, Qarro A, El Assyry A. Prevalence of urinary lithiasis in the Moulay Ismail Military Hospital (Meknes-Morocco). J Mater Environ Sci. 2015; 6(6): 1578-1583.
[8]
Laziri F, Rhazi Filali F, Ossama A, Soulaymani A, Qarro A, Lezrek M. [Factors involved in the epidemiology of Moroccan urinary stones]. J Maroc Urol. 2009; 19.
[9]
Dami F, Chouhani B, Elhabbani R, Tazi N, Kabbali N, Arrayhani M, et al. [Epidemiological profile of lithiasic patients]. Nephrol Ther. 2015; 11(5): 406.
Laziri F, Rhazifilali F, Amchhoud I. [Retrospective study of urinary lithiasis at the Hassan II Hospital in the province of Settat (Morocco)]. Afr J Urol. 2009; 15(2): 117-123.
[11]
Zahraoui MR. [Laparoscopy in urology: which indications for which pathologies]. [Medical Thesis]. Marrakech; 2010. No 110.
[12]
Saouli A. [Laparoscopic treatment of upper urinary tract stones: Experience of the urology department -B-]. [End of Study Dissertation]. Rabat; 2021. No MS112.
[13]
Kaboré FA, Kambou T, Zango B, Ouattara A, Simporé M, Lougué/Sorgho C, et al. [Epidemiology of a cohort of 450 urinary stones at the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)]. Prog Urol. 2013; 23(12): 971-976.
Kambou T, Traoré AC, Zango B, Ouattara T, et al. Upper urinary tract stones at the Souro Sanou University Hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). Afr J Urol. 2005; 11(1): 55-60.
[15]
Traoré MT, Kaboré M, Ouédraogo S, Ouédraogo S, Kambiré JL. [Epidemiology of urinary lithiasis in the northern region of Burkina Faso]. *Ann Univ Ouaga 1 Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo*. 2018; Série D(021): 208-214.
[16]
Kirakoya B, Kaboré FA, Kaboré M, Ouédraogo WR, Paré AK. Infrared spectrophotometry analysis of the composition of upper urinary tract lithiasis from Burkina Faso. Uro'Andro. 2019; 2(1): 29-33.
[17]
Paré AK, Ouattara A, Yé D, et al. [Upper urinary tract stones: epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects at the Sourô Sanou University Hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso]. Afr J Urol. 2023; 25(4): 161-169.
[18]
Gadzhiev N, Prosyannikov M, Malkhasyan V, et al. Urolithiasis prevalence in the Russian Federation: analysis of trends over a 15-year period. World J Urol. 2021; 39(10): 3939–3944.
Chabannes É, Bensalah K, Carpentier X, Bringer JP, et al. Management of adult’s renal and ureteral stones. Update of the Lithiasis Committee of the French association of urology (CLAFU). General considerations. Prog Urol. 2013; 23(16): 1389-1399.
Abid N, Conort P, Franquet Q, et al. [2022 Recommendations of the AFU Lithiasis Committee: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy]. Prog Urol. 2023; 33(11): 854-863.
Meria P, Raynal G, Denis E, et al. 2022 Recommendations of the AFU Lithiasis Committee: Management of symptomatic urinary stones. Prog Urol. 2023; 33(11): 791-811.
Sawadogo, H., Yaméogo, C. A. M. K. D., Pare, A., Kirakoya, B., Ouédraogo, S., et al. (2025). A Systematic Review of Kidney Stones in West and North Africa: Comparing the Epidemiological Profile and Therapeutic Strategies in Burkina Faso and Morocco. International Journal of Clinical Urology, 9(2), 141-146. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcu.20250902.16
Sawadogo, H.; Yaméogo, C. A. M. K. D.; Pare, A.; Kirakoya, B.; Ouédraogo, S., et al. A Systematic Review of Kidney Stones in West and North Africa: Comparing the Epidemiological Profile and Therapeutic Strategies in Burkina Faso and Morocco. Int. J. Clin. Urol.2025, 9(2), 141-146. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcu.20250902.16
Sawadogo H, Yaméogo CAMKD, Pare A, Kirakoya B, Ouédraogo S, et al. A Systematic Review of Kidney Stones in West and North Africa: Comparing the Epidemiological Profile and Therapeutic Strategies in Burkina Faso and Morocco. Int J Clin Urol. 2025;9(2):141-146. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcu.20250902.16
@article{10.11648/j.ijcu.20250902.16,
author = {Hassami Sawadogo and Clotaire Alexis Marie Kiemdiba Donega Yaméogo and Abdoul-Karim Pare and Brahima Kirakoya and Salif Ouédraogo and Adama Ouattara and Fasnéwindé Aristide Kabore},
title = {A Systematic Review of Kidney Stones in West and North Africa: Comparing the Epidemiological Profile and Therapeutic Strategies in Burkina Faso and Morocco
},
journal = {International Journal of Clinical Urology},
volume = {9},
number = {2},
pages = {141-146},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijcu.20250902.16},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcu.20250902.16},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcu.20250902.16},
abstract = {Purpose: This systematic review aims to compare the epidemiological profile and therapeutic modalities of kidney stones between Morocco (MAR) and Burkina Faso (BF). Methods: We conducted a systematic review based on a structured search of literature published between 2004 and 2023 in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and African Journals Online (AJOL), as well as manual searches of relevant urology journals. The included studies focused on the epidemiology and management of kidney stones in both countries. Data were extracted and synthesized qualitatively. The quality of included studies was assessed using appropriate tools for observational studies. Data collected included prevalence, patient profiles, and the therapeutic techniques used. Results: Analysis of hospital prevalence data from included studies showed rates of was 25.36% in Morocco and 12.52% in Burkina Faso. In both countries, the renal location was predominant (>80%), mainly affecting young adults (median age 35–40 years). Male predominance was observed (sex ratio 1.9 in Burkina Faso and 1.27 in Morocco). Calcium oxalate was the main stone component. Morocco favored minimally invasive techniques, especially percutaneous nephrolithotomy and flexible ureteroscopy. In contrast, open surgery was used in over 90% of cases in Burkina Faso. Conclusion: Renal lithiasis is increasing similarly in both Morocco and Burkina Faso, in line with the westernization of lifestyles. However, significant disparities persist in access to modern therapeutic modalities. The technological gap in therapeutic management highlights the need to strengthen South-South cooperation to improve access to minimally invasive techniques in West Africa.
},
year = {2025}
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - A Systematic Review of Kidney Stones in West and North Africa: Comparing the Epidemiological Profile and Therapeutic Strategies in Burkina Faso and Morocco
AU - Hassami Sawadogo
AU - Clotaire Alexis Marie Kiemdiba Donega Yaméogo
AU - Abdoul-Karim Pare
AU - Brahima Kirakoya
AU - Salif Ouédraogo
AU - Adama Ouattara
AU - Fasnéwindé Aristide Kabore
Y1 - 2025/10/27
PY - 2025
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcu.20250902.16
DO - 10.11648/j.ijcu.20250902.16
T2 - International Journal of Clinical Urology
JF - International Journal of Clinical Urology
JO - International Journal of Clinical Urology
SP - 141
EP - 146
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2640-1355
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcu.20250902.16
AB - Purpose: This systematic review aims to compare the epidemiological profile and therapeutic modalities of kidney stones between Morocco (MAR) and Burkina Faso (BF). Methods: We conducted a systematic review based on a structured search of literature published between 2004 and 2023 in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and African Journals Online (AJOL), as well as manual searches of relevant urology journals. The included studies focused on the epidemiology and management of kidney stones in both countries. Data were extracted and synthesized qualitatively. The quality of included studies was assessed using appropriate tools for observational studies. Data collected included prevalence, patient profiles, and the therapeutic techniques used. Results: Analysis of hospital prevalence data from included studies showed rates of was 25.36% in Morocco and 12.52% in Burkina Faso. In both countries, the renal location was predominant (>80%), mainly affecting young adults (median age 35–40 years). Male predominance was observed (sex ratio 1.9 in Burkina Faso and 1.27 in Morocco). Calcium oxalate was the main stone component. Morocco favored minimally invasive techniques, especially percutaneous nephrolithotomy and flexible ureteroscopy. In contrast, open surgery was used in over 90% of cases in Burkina Faso. Conclusion: Renal lithiasis is increasing similarly in both Morocco and Burkina Faso, in line with the westernization of lifestyles. However, significant disparities persist in access to modern therapeutic modalities. The technological gap in therapeutic management highlights the need to strengthen South-South cooperation to improve access to minimally invasive techniques in West Africa.
VL - 9
IS - 2
ER -
Sawadogo, H., Yaméogo, C. A. M. K. D., Pare, A., Kirakoya, B., Ouédraogo, S., et al. (2025). A Systematic Review of Kidney Stones in West and North Africa: Comparing the Epidemiological Profile and Therapeutic Strategies in Burkina Faso and Morocco. International Journal of Clinical Urology, 9(2), 141-146. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcu.20250902.16
Sawadogo, H.; Yaméogo, C. A. M. K. D.; Pare, A.; Kirakoya, B.; Ouédraogo, S., et al. A Systematic Review of Kidney Stones in West and North Africa: Comparing the Epidemiological Profile and Therapeutic Strategies in Burkina Faso and Morocco. Int. J. Clin. Urol.2025, 9(2), 141-146. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcu.20250902.16
Sawadogo H, Yaméogo CAMKD, Pare A, Kirakoya B, Ouédraogo S, et al. A Systematic Review of Kidney Stones in West and North Africa: Comparing the Epidemiological Profile and Therapeutic Strategies in Burkina Faso and Morocco. Int J Clin Urol. 2025;9(2):141-146. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcu.20250902.16
@article{10.11648/j.ijcu.20250902.16,
author = {Hassami Sawadogo and Clotaire Alexis Marie Kiemdiba Donega Yaméogo and Abdoul-Karim Pare and Brahima Kirakoya and Salif Ouédraogo and Adama Ouattara and Fasnéwindé Aristide Kabore},
title = {A Systematic Review of Kidney Stones in West and North Africa: Comparing the Epidemiological Profile and Therapeutic Strategies in Burkina Faso and Morocco
},
journal = {International Journal of Clinical Urology},
volume = {9},
number = {2},
pages = {141-146},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijcu.20250902.16},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcu.20250902.16},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcu.20250902.16},
abstract = {Purpose: This systematic review aims to compare the epidemiological profile and therapeutic modalities of kidney stones between Morocco (MAR) and Burkina Faso (BF). Methods: We conducted a systematic review based on a structured search of literature published between 2004 and 2023 in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and African Journals Online (AJOL), as well as manual searches of relevant urology journals. The included studies focused on the epidemiology and management of kidney stones in both countries. Data were extracted and synthesized qualitatively. The quality of included studies was assessed using appropriate tools for observational studies. Data collected included prevalence, patient profiles, and the therapeutic techniques used. Results: Analysis of hospital prevalence data from included studies showed rates of was 25.36% in Morocco and 12.52% in Burkina Faso. In both countries, the renal location was predominant (>80%), mainly affecting young adults (median age 35–40 years). Male predominance was observed (sex ratio 1.9 in Burkina Faso and 1.27 in Morocco). Calcium oxalate was the main stone component. Morocco favored minimally invasive techniques, especially percutaneous nephrolithotomy and flexible ureteroscopy. In contrast, open surgery was used in over 90% of cases in Burkina Faso. Conclusion: Renal lithiasis is increasing similarly in both Morocco and Burkina Faso, in line with the westernization of lifestyles. However, significant disparities persist in access to modern therapeutic modalities. The technological gap in therapeutic management highlights the need to strengthen South-South cooperation to improve access to minimally invasive techniques in West Africa.
},
year = {2025}
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - A Systematic Review of Kidney Stones in West and North Africa: Comparing the Epidemiological Profile and Therapeutic Strategies in Burkina Faso and Morocco
AU - Hassami Sawadogo
AU - Clotaire Alexis Marie Kiemdiba Donega Yaméogo
AU - Abdoul-Karim Pare
AU - Brahima Kirakoya
AU - Salif Ouédraogo
AU - Adama Ouattara
AU - Fasnéwindé Aristide Kabore
Y1 - 2025/10/27
PY - 2025
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcu.20250902.16
DO - 10.11648/j.ijcu.20250902.16
T2 - International Journal of Clinical Urology
JF - International Journal of Clinical Urology
JO - International Journal of Clinical Urology
SP - 141
EP - 146
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2640-1355
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcu.20250902.16
AB - Purpose: This systematic review aims to compare the epidemiological profile and therapeutic modalities of kidney stones between Morocco (MAR) and Burkina Faso (BF). Methods: We conducted a systematic review based on a structured search of literature published between 2004 and 2023 in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and African Journals Online (AJOL), as well as manual searches of relevant urology journals. The included studies focused on the epidemiology and management of kidney stones in both countries. Data were extracted and synthesized qualitatively. The quality of included studies was assessed using appropriate tools for observational studies. Data collected included prevalence, patient profiles, and the therapeutic techniques used. Results: Analysis of hospital prevalence data from included studies showed rates of was 25.36% in Morocco and 12.52% in Burkina Faso. In both countries, the renal location was predominant (>80%), mainly affecting young adults (median age 35–40 years). Male predominance was observed (sex ratio 1.9 in Burkina Faso and 1.27 in Morocco). Calcium oxalate was the main stone component. Morocco favored minimally invasive techniques, especially percutaneous nephrolithotomy and flexible ureteroscopy. In contrast, open surgery was used in over 90% of cases in Burkina Faso. Conclusion: Renal lithiasis is increasing similarly in both Morocco and Burkina Faso, in line with the westernization of lifestyles. However, significant disparities persist in access to modern therapeutic modalities. The technological gap in therapeutic management highlights the need to strengthen South-South cooperation to improve access to minimally invasive techniques in West Africa.
VL - 9
IS - 2
ER -
,
Clotaire Alexis Marie Kiemdiba Donega Yaméogo,
Abdoul-Karim Pare
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