Oral Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Receiving Care at the Out-Patient Department of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital

Onung Samuel; Akhimienho Kingsley; Nwashindi Arthur; Ogbode Sylvester; Ekanem Anyiekere

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijde.20220702.12

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Oral Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Receiving Care at the Out-Patient Department of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital

Onung Samuel, Akhimienho Kingsley, Nwashindi Arthur, Ogbode Sylvester, Ekanem Anyiekere

Published in International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology (Volume 7, Issue 2)

Received: 3 May 2022 Accepted: 16 May 2022 Published: 31 May 2022

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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is known to affect virtually every system of the human body including the oral cavity. The effect of diabetes on the oral cavity is well documented globally but underreported in Nigeria. Hence, this study attempted to fill this gap in knowledge by evaluating the pattern of oral changes among persons living with diabetes in Uyo, Southern Nigeria. Methods: This was a crossectional descriptive study conducted in the Endocrinology and Dental clinics of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital. A total of 150 participants consisting of 100 diabetes patients and 50 controls were interviewed orally, physically examined and blood samples taken for fasting plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin. Data obtained was analysed using descriptive/comparative statistics. Results: Poor oral health was present in 98 out of the 100 diabetes Patients and 11 out of the 50 controls (p < 0.001). Gingivitis was present in 96 out of the 100 diabetes patients and 4 out of the 50 controls (p < 0.001). Periodontitis was found in 51 out of the 100 diabetes patients and absent in the controls (p < 0.001). Mean HbA1c of the diabetes patients with poor oral health was 7.65 +/- 0.94. Diabetics were 62.34 times significantly more likely to have poor oral health compared to the controls (OR 62.34, 95%CI = 1.45-2668.94, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Oral health of diabetes patients in Uyo, Southern Nigeria is poor with periodontal disease being the predominant abnormality present. Poor glycaemic control was implicated as a likely reason for this finding.

Published in	International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijde.20220702.12
Page(s)	29-37
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Oral, Manifestation, Diabetes Mellitus, Uyo

References

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APA Style

Onung Samuel, Akhimienho Kingsley, Nwashindi Arthur, Ogbode Sylvester, Ekanem Anyiekere. (2022). Oral Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Receiving Care at the Out-Patient Department of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital. International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology, 7(2), 29-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20220702.12

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ACS Style

Onung Samuel; Akhimienho Kingsley; Nwashindi Arthur; Ogbode Sylvester; Ekanem Anyiekere. Oral Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Receiving Care at the Out-Patient Department of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital. Int. J. Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022, 7(2), 29-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20220702.12

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AMA Style

Onung Samuel, Akhimienho Kingsley, Nwashindi Arthur, Ogbode Sylvester, Ekanem Anyiekere. Oral Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Receiving Care at the Out-Patient Department of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital. Int J Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022;7(2):29-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20220702.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijde.20220702.12,
  author = {Onung Samuel and Akhimienho Kingsley and Nwashindi Arthur and Ogbode Sylvester and Ekanem Anyiekere},
  title = {Oral Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Receiving Care at the Out-Patient Department of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital},
  journal = {International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {29-37},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijde.20220702.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20220702.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijde.20220702.12},
  abstract = {Diabetes mellitus is known to affect virtually every system of the human body including the oral cavity. The effect of diabetes on the oral cavity is well documented globally but underreported in Nigeria. Hence, this study attempted to fill this gap in knowledge by evaluating the pattern of oral changes among persons living with diabetes in Uyo, Southern Nigeria. Methods: This was a crossectional descriptive study conducted in the Endocrinology and Dental clinics of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital. A total of 150 participants consisting of 100 diabetes patients and 50 controls were interviewed orally, physically examined and blood samples taken for fasting plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin. Data obtained was analysed using descriptive/comparative statistics. Results: Poor oral health was present in 98 out of the 100 diabetes Patients and 11 out of the 50 controls (p < 0.001). Gingivitis was present in 96 out of the 100 diabetes patients and 4 out of the 50 controls (p < 0.001). Periodontitis was found in 51 out of the 100 diabetes patients and absent in the controls (p < 0.001). Mean HbA1c of the diabetes patients with poor oral health was 7.65 +/- 0.94. Diabetics were 62.34 times significantly more likely to have poor oral health compared to the controls (OR 62.34, 95%CI = 1.45-2668.94, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Oral health of diabetes patients in Uyo, Southern Nigeria is poor with periodontal disease being the predominant abnormality present. Poor glycaemic control was implicated as a likely reason for this finding.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Oral Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Receiving Care at the Out-Patient Department of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital
AU - Onung Samuel
AU - Akhimienho Kingsley
AU - Nwashindi Arthur
AU - Ogbode Sylvester
AU - Ekanem Anyiekere
Y1 - 2022/05/31
PY - 2022
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20220702.12
DO - 10.11648/j.ijde.20220702.12
T2 - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
JF - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
JO - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
SP - 29
EP - 37
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2640-1371
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20220702.12
AB - Diabetes mellitus is known to affect virtually every system of the human body including the oral cavity. The effect of diabetes on the oral cavity is well documented globally but underreported in Nigeria. Hence, this study attempted to fill this gap in knowledge by evaluating the pattern of oral changes among persons living with diabetes in Uyo, Southern Nigeria. Methods: This was a crossectional descriptive study conducted in the Endocrinology and Dental clinics of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital. A total of 150 participants consisting of 100 diabetes patients and 50 controls were interviewed orally, physically examined and blood samples taken for fasting plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin. Data obtained was analysed using descriptive/comparative statistics. Results: Poor oral health was present in 98 out of the 100 diabetes Patients and 11 out of the 50 controls (p < 0.001). Gingivitis was present in 96 out of the 100 diabetes patients and 4 out of the 50 controls (p < 0.001). Periodontitis was found in 51 out of the 100 diabetes patients and absent in the controls (p < 0.001). Mean HbA1c of the diabetes patients with poor oral health was 7.65 +/- 0.94. Diabetics were 62.34 times significantly more likely to have poor oral health compared to the controls (OR 62.34, 95%CI = 1.45-2668.94, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Oral health of diabetes patients in Uyo, Southern Nigeria is poor with periodontal disease being the predominant abnormality present. Poor glycaemic control was implicated as a likely reason for this finding.
VL - 7
IS - 2
ER -

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Author Information

Onung Samuel

Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria
Akhimienho Kingsley

Department of Paediatrics, Edo State University, Uzairue, Nigeria
Nwashindi Arthur

Department of Dental and Maxilofacial Surgery, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria
Ogbode Sylvester

Department of Dental and Maxilofacial Surgery, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria
Ekanem Anyiekere

Department of Community Medicine, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria

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Onung Samuel, Akhimienho Kingsley, Nwashindi Arthur, Ogbode Sylvester, Ekanem Anyiekere. (2022). Oral Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Receiving Care at the Out-Patient Department of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital. International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology, 7(2), 29-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20220702.12

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ACS Style

Onung Samuel; Akhimienho Kingsley; Nwashindi Arthur; Ogbode Sylvester; Ekanem Anyiekere. Oral Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Receiving Care at the Out-Patient Department of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital. Int. J. Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022, 7(2), 29-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20220702.12

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AMA Style

Onung Samuel, Akhimienho Kingsley, Nwashindi Arthur, Ogbode Sylvester, Ekanem Anyiekere. Oral Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Receiving Care at the Out-Patient Department of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital. Int J Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022;7(2):29-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20220702.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijde.20220702.12,
  author = {Onung Samuel and Akhimienho Kingsley and Nwashindi Arthur and Ogbode Sylvester and Ekanem Anyiekere},
  title = {Oral Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Receiving Care at the Out-Patient Department of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital},
  journal = {International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {29-37},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijde.20220702.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20220702.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijde.20220702.12},
  abstract = {Diabetes mellitus is known to affect virtually every system of the human body including the oral cavity. The effect of diabetes on the oral cavity is well documented globally but underreported in Nigeria. Hence, this study attempted to fill this gap in knowledge by evaluating the pattern of oral changes among persons living with diabetes in Uyo, Southern Nigeria. Methods: This was a crossectional descriptive study conducted in the Endocrinology and Dental clinics of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital. A total of 150 participants consisting of 100 diabetes patients and 50 controls were interviewed orally, physically examined and blood samples taken for fasting plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin. Data obtained was analysed using descriptive/comparative statistics. Results: Poor oral health was present in 98 out of the 100 diabetes Patients and 11 out of the 50 controls (p < 0.001). Gingivitis was present in 96 out of the 100 diabetes patients and 4 out of the 50 controls (p < 0.001). Periodontitis was found in 51 out of the 100 diabetes patients and absent in the controls (p < 0.001). Mean HbA1c of the diabetes patients with poor oral health was 7.65 +/- 0.94. Diabetics were 62.34 times significantly more likely to have poor oral health compared to the controls (OR 62.34, 95%CI = 1.45-2668.94, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Oral health of diabetes patients in Uyo, Southern Nigeria is poor with periodontal disease being the predominant abnormality present. Poor glycaemic control was implicated as a likely reason for this finding.},
 year = {2022}
}

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