Determination of Vitamin C Content and Mineral Elements in Fruits Samples in Karu Metropolis, North Central Nigeria

Stephen Inegedu Audu; Efi Uwhe Joshua; Ibrahim Silas; Alheri Stephen; Augustine Sanamo

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.16

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Determination of Vitamin C Content and Mineral Elements in Fruits Samples in Karu Metropolis, North Central Nigeria

Stephen Inegedu Audu, Efi Uwhe Joshua, Ibrahim Silas, Alheri Stephen, Augustine Sanamo

Published in Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry (Volume 8, Issue 2)

Received: 18 February 2020 Accepted: 9 March 2020 Published: 17 June 2020

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Abstract

Adequate consumption of fruits, vegetables and their juices with high vitamin C content and antioxidant capacity result in improved health, reduced risk of chronic diseases, optimal nutrition and general well-being. This study was to determine the vitamin C content of fresh fruits juices extracted from Mango, Orange, Banana and Water melon and some Mineral elements content levels in the same samples. Fruits were purchased from Masaka local markets and its metropolis in Karu, Nasarawa State. Titration method was employed to determine the vitamin C content of test sample juices, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric method as described by AOAC was used for the elemental analysis. Results showed that the amount of vitamin C in the sample was Orange>Mango>Water melon> Banana. The mineral contents determined include: Potassium, Calcium, Sodium, Iron and Magnesium. It was observed from the result obtained that the fruits showed varying degree of concentrations of the mineral elements analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Orange was found to contain the following levels of minerals in the descending order: Potassium 374.2Mg/Kg followed by Magnesium 29.30Mg/Kg followed by Calcium 12.89Mg/Kg, Sodium 11.45Mg/Kg, and Iron 4.76Mg/Kg. Watermelon was found to contain Sodium 7.09Mg/Kg, Magnesium 7.97Mg/Kg, Calcium 8.39Mg/Kg Iron 3.08Mg/Kg and Potassium -2.63Mg/Kg in the descending order. Banana’s levels of minerals stood as Potassium 438.10 Mg/Kg a value even higher than that of orange which was followed by Magnesium 47.40Mg/Kg, Sodium 16.35Mg/Kg, Iron 7.69Mg/Kg, and Calcium-18.20Mg/Kg in the descending order. Analysis of variance ANOVA (P < 0.05) reveals a statistically significance difference among the fruit samples studied. All the fruits samples were found to be within the international standards and consumers of these fruits can use them as good supplements as the case may be depending on their daily requirements.

Published in	Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry (Volume 8, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.16
Page(s)	72-77
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Vitamin C, Mineral Elements, Antioxidant

References

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[2]	Anjum NA, Umar S, Chan M, eds. (2010). Ascorbate-Glutathione Pathway and Stress Tolerance in Plants. Springer. p. 324. ISBN 978-9-048-19403-2. Archived from the original on November 5, 2017. Retrieved 14 MAY 2019.
[3]	Anthony Cemaluk C. Egbuonu (2015): Comparative Assessment of some Minaeral, Amino acid and Vitamin composition of Watermelon (Citrullus Lanatus) Rind and Seed. Asian journal of Biochemisty vol. 10 (5): 230-236, 2015.
[4]	Daily Iron.com (2019). Iron concentration in foods.
[5]	DRI (2010). Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese 2010: Water-Soluble Vitamins Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 2013 (59): S67-S82.
[6]	DRI (2017)."Vitamin C". Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 2000. pp. 95–185. ISBN 978-0-309-06935-9. Archived from the original on September 2, 2017. Retrieved 14 MAY 2019.
[7]	Duarte A, Caixeirinho D, Miguel G, Sustelo V, Nunes C, Mendes M, Marreiros A (2010). "Vitamin C Content of Citrus from Conventional versus Organic Farming Systems". Acta Horticulturae. 868 (868): 389–394. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.868.52.
[8]	Gropper SS, Smith JL, Grodd JL (2005). Advanced nutrition and human metabolism. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. pp. 260–275. ISBN 978-0-534-55986-1. Healthy eating. sfgate.com (2019).
[9]	Muhammad, S. Ashiru, I. Ibrahim D., A. I. Kanoma, I. Sani, S. Garba [2014): Effect of Ripening Stage on Vitamin C Content in Selected Fruits. International Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Vol. 2, No. 3, 2014, pp. 60-65.
[10]	Meister A (1994)."Glutathione-ascorbic acid antioxidant system in animals". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (13): 9397–9400. PMID 8144521. Archived from the original on August 11, 2015. Retrieved 14 MAY 2019.
[11]	(MIC (2014),"Vitamin C". Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. January 14, 2014. Retrieved 14 MAY 2019.
[12]	Michels A, Frei B (2012). "Vitamin C". In Caudill MA, Rogers M (eds.). Biochemical, Physiological, and Molecular Aspects of Human Nutrition (3 ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. pp. 627–654. ISBN 978-1-4377-0959-9.
[13]	My food.com. (2019). Mineral levels in fruits.
[14]	Pemberton J (2006). "Medical experiments carried out in Sheffield on conscientious objectors to military service during the 1939-45 war". International Journal of Epidemiology. 35 (3): 556–8. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyl020. PMID 16510534.
[15]	Science alert (2019). Mineral elements in fruits and vegetables, Pakistan journal of biological science.
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[19]	British National Formulary (2018). BNF 76 pharmaceutical press 2018, p 1049. ISBN 9780857113382.

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APA Style

Stephen Inegedu Audu, Efi Uwhe Joshua, Ibrahim Silas, Alheri Stephen, Augustine Sanamo. (2020). Determination of Vitamin C Content and Mineral Elements in Fruits Samples in Karu Metropolis, North Central Nigeria. Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 8(2), 72-77. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.16

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ACS Style

Stephen Inegedu Audu; Efi Uwhe Joshua; Ibrahim Silas; Alheri Stephen; Augustine Sanamo. Determination of Vitamin C Content and Mineral Elements in Fruits Samples in Karu Metropolis, North Central Nigeria. Sci. J. Anal. Chem. 2020, 8(2), 72-77. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.16

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AMA Style

Stephen Inegedu Audu, Efi Uwhe Joshua, Ibrahim Silas, Alheri Stephen, Augustine Sanamo. Determination of Vitamin C Content and Mineral Elements in Fruits Samples in Karu Metropolis, North Central Nigeria. Sci J Anal Chem. 2020;8(2):72-77. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.16

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@article{10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.16,
  author = {Stephen Inegedu Audu and Efi Uwhe Joshua and Ibrahim Silas and Alheri Stephen and Augustine Sanamo},
  title = {Determination of Vitamin C Content and Mineral Elements in Fruits Samples in Karu Metropolis, North Central Nigeria},
  journal = {Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {72-77},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjac.20200802.16},
  abstract = {Adequate consumption of fruits, vegetables and their juices with high vitamin C content and antioxidant capacity result in improved health, reduced risk of chronic diseases, optimal nutrition and general well-being. This study was to determine the vitamin C content of fresh fruits juices extracted from Mango, Orange, Banana and Water melon and some Mineral elements content levels in the same samples. Fruits were purchased from Masaka local markets and its metropolis in Karu, Nasarawa State. Titration method was employed to determine the vitamin C content of test sample juices, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric method as described by AOAC was used for the elemental analysis. Results showed that the amount of vitamin C in the sample was Orange>Mango>Water melon> Banana. The mineral contents determined include: Potassium, Calcium, Sodium, Iron and Magnesium. It was observed from the result obtained that the fruits showed varying degree of concentrations of the mineral elements analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Orange was found to contain the following levels of minerals in the descending order: Potassium 374.2Mg/Kg followed by Magnesium 29.30Mg/Kg followed by Calcium 12.89Mg/Kg, Sodium 11.45Mg/Kg, and Iron 4.76Mg/Kg. Watermelon was found to contain Sodium 7.09Mg/Kg, Magnesium 7.97Mg/Kg, Calcium 8.39Mg/Kg Iron 3.08Mg/Kg and Potassium -2.63Mg/Kg in the descending order. Banana’s levels of minerals stood as Potassium 438.10 Mg/Kg a value even higher than that of orange which was followed by Magnesium 47.40Mg/Kg, Sodium 16.35Mg/Kg, Iron 7.69Mg/Kg, and Calcium-18.20Mg/Kg in the descending order. Analysis of variance ANOVA (P < 0.05) reveals a statistically significance difference among the fruit samples studied. All the fruits samples were found to be within the international standards and consumers of these fruits can use them as good supplements as the case may be depending on their daily requirements.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determination of Vitamin C Content and Mineral Elements in Fruits Samples in Karu Metropolis, North Central Nigeria
AU  - Stephen Inegedu Audu
AU  - Efi Uwhe Joshua
AU  - Ibrahim Silas
AU  - Alheri Stephen
AU  - Augustine Sanamo
Y1  - 2020/06/17
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.16
T2  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JF  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JO  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
SP  - 72
EP  - 77
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-8053
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.16
AB  - Adequate consumption of fruits, vegetables and their juices with high vitamin C content and antioxidant capacity result in improved health, reduced risk of chronic diseases, optimal nutrition and general well-being. This study was to determine the vitamin C content of fresh fruits juices extracted from Mango, Orange, Banana and Water melon and some Mineral elements content levels in the same samples. Fruits were purchased from Masaka local markets and its metropolis in Karu, Nasarawa State. Titration method was employed to determine the vitamin C content of test sample juices, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric method as described by AOAC was used for the elemental analysis. Results showed that the amount of vitamin C in the sample was Orange>Mango>Water melon> Banana. The mineral contents determined include: Potassium, Calcium, Sodium, Iron and Magnesium. It was observed from the result obtained that the fruits showed varying degree of concentrations of the mineral elements analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Orange was found to contain the following levels of minerals in the descending order: Potassium 374.2Mg/Kg followed by Magnesium 29.30Mg/Kg followed by Calcium 12.89Mg/Kg, Sodium 11.45Mg/Kg, and Iron 4.76Mg/Kg. Watermelon was found to contain Sodium 7.09Mg/Kg, Magnesium 7.97Mg/Kg, Calcium 8.39Mg/Kg Iron 3.08Mg/Kg and Potassium -2.63Mg/Kg in the descending order. Banana’s levels of minerals stood as Potassium 438.10 Mg/Kg a value even higher than that of orange which was followed by Magnesium 47.40Mg/Kg, Sodium 16.35Mg/Kg, Iron 7.69Mg/Kg, and Calcium-18.20Mg/Kg in the descending order. Analysis of variance ANOVA (P < 0.05) reveals a statistically significance difference among the fruit samples studied. All the fruits samples were found to be within the international standards and consumers of these fruits can use them as good supplements as the case may be depending on their daily requirements.
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Stephen Inegedu Audu

Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
Efi Uwhe Joshua

National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
Ibrahim Silas

Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
Alheri Stephen

National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
Augustine Sanamo

Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Stephen Inegedu Audu, Efi Uwhe Joshua, Ibrahim Silas, Alheri Stephen, Augustine Sanamo. (2020). Determination of Vitamin C Content and Mineral Elements in Fruits Samples in Karu Metropolis, North Central Nigeria. Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 8(2), 72-77. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.16

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ACS Style

Stephen Inegedu Audu; Efi Uwhe Joshua; Ibrahim Silas; Alheri Stephen; Augustine Sanamo. Determination of Vitamin C Content and Mineral Elements in Fruits Samples in Karu Metropolis, North Central Nigeria. Sci. J. Anal. Chem. 2020, 8(2), 72-77. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.16

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AMA Style

Stephen Inegedu Audu, Efi Uwhe Joshua, Ibrahim Silas, Alheri Stephen, Augustine Sanamo. Determination of Vitamin C Content and Mineral Elements in Fruits Samples in Karu Metropolis, North Central Nigeria. Sci J Anal Chem. 2020;8(2):72-77. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.16

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@article{10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.16,
  author = {Stephen Inegedu Audu and Efi Uwhe Joshua and Ibrahim Silas and Alheri Stephen and Augustine Sanamo},
  title = {Determination of Vitamin C Content and Mineral Elements in Fruits Samples in Karu Metropolis, North Central Nigeria},
  journal = {Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {72-77},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjac.20200802.16},
  abstract = {Adequate consumption of fruits, vegetables and their juices with high vitamin C content and antioxidant capacity result in improved health, reduced risk of chronic diseases, optimal nutrition and general well-being. This study was to determine the vitamin C content of fresh fruits juices extracted from Mango, Orange, Banana and Water melon and some Mineral elements content levels in the same samples. Fruits were purchased from Masaka local markets and its metropolis in Karu, Nasarawa State. Titration method was employed to determine the vitamin C content of test sample juices, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric method as described by AOAC was used for the elemental analysis. Results showed that the amount of vitamin C in the sample was Orange>Mango>Water melon> Banana. The mineral contents determined include: Potassium, Calcium, Sodium, Iron and Magnesium. It was observed from the result obtained that the fruits showed varying degree of concentrations of the mineral elements analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Orange was found to contain the following levels of minerals in the descending order: Potassium 374.2Mg/Kg followed by Magnesium 29.30Mg/Kg followed by Calcium 12.89Mg/Kg, Sodium 11.45Mg/Kg, and Iron 4.76Mg/Kg. Watermelon was found to contain Sodium 7.09Mg/Kg, Magnesium 7.97Mg/Kg, Calcium 8.39Mg/Kg Iron 3.08Mg/Kg and Potassium -2.63Mg/Kg in the descending order. Banana’s levels of minerals stood as Potassium 438.10 Mg/Kg a value even higher than that of orange which was followed by Magnesium 47.40Mg/Kg, Sodium 16.35Mg/Kg, Iron 7.69Mg/Kg, and Calcium-18.20Mg/Kg in the descending order. Analysis of variance ANOVA (P < 0.05) reveals a statistically significance difference among the fruit samples studied. All the fruits samples were found to be within the international standards and consumers of these fruits can use them as good supplements as the case may be depending on their daily requirements.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determination of Vitamin C Content and Mineral Elements in Fruits Samples in Karu Metropolis, North Central Nigeria
AU  - Stephen Inegedu Audu
AU  - Efi Uwhe Joshua
AU  - Ibrahim Silas
AU  - Alheri Stephen
AU  - Augustine Sanamo
Y1  - 2020/06/17
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.16
T2  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JF  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JO  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
SP  - 72
EP  - 77
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-8053
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.16
AB  - Adequate consumption of fruits, vegetables and their juices with high vitamin C content and antioxidant capacity result in improved health, reduced risk of chronic diseases, optimal nutrition and general well-being. This study was to determine the vitamin C content of fresh fruits juices extracted from Mango, Orange, Banana and Water melon and some Mineral elements content levels in the same samples. Fruits were purchased from Masaka local markets and its metropolis in Karu, Nasarawa State. Titration method was employed to determine the vitamin C content of test sample juices, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric method as described by AOAC was used for the elemental analysis. Results showed that the amount of vitamin C in the sample was Orange>Mango>Water melon> Banana. The mineral contents determined include: Potassium, Calcium, Sodium, Iron and Magnesium. It was observed from the result obtained that the fruits showed varying degree of concentrations of the mineral elements analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Orange was found to contain the following levels of minerals in the descending order: Potassium 374.2Mg/Kg followed by Magnesium 29.30Mg/Kg followed by Calcium 12.89Mg/Kg, Sodium 11.45Mg/Kg, and Iron 4.76Mg/Kg. Watermelon was found to contain Sodium 7.09Mg/Kg, Magnesium 7.97Mg/Kg, Calcium 8.39Mg/Kg Iron 3.08Mg/Kg and Potassium -2.63Mg/Kg in the descending order. Banana’s levels of minerals stood as Potassium 438.10 Mg/Kg a value even higher than that of orange which was followed by Magnesium 47.40Mg/Kg, Sodium 16.35Mg/Kg, Iron 7.69Mg/Kg, and Calcium-18.20Mg/Kg in the descending order. Analysis of variance ANOVA (P < 0.05) reveals a statistically significance difference among the fruit samples studied. All the fruits samples were found to be within the international standards and consumers of these fruits can use them as good supplements as the case may be depending on their daily requirements.
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
ER  -

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