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Principal Component and Cluster Analyses for Quantitative Traits in Black Cumin (Nigella Sativa)
Yewubdinber Lemma,
Wassu Mohammed,
Sintayehu Adimas
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, April 2022
Pages:
67-75
Received:
28 January 2022
Accepted:
8 March 2022
Published:
18 March 2022
Abstract: Breeding for high yield crop needs information on the nature and magnitude of variation in the available materials, relationship of yield with other agronomic characters and the degree of environmental influence on the expression of these components characters. Multivariate analyses such as cluster and principal component analysis measures the amount of genetic variability in respect of several characters and assesses the relative contribution of different traits to the total variation. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying better performing black cumin genotypes and related traits with the help of principal component analysis and cluster analysis of major quantitative traits of the crop In principal component analysis, The first four principal component axes (PCAs) accounted 70.62% of the total variability in which PCA1 contributed 28.43%, and PCA2, PCA3, and PCA4 exhibited 18.91%, 13.30%, and 9.98% contribution to the total variability, respectively. Cluster analysis based on Euclidian distance grouped the genotypes into 10 distinct clusters. Some of the genotypes that have narrow genetic base were grouped into a similar cluster. Based on these results, it may be concluded that some of the genotypes are highly diverse while most of the genotypes are similar in nature. Genotypes from the distinct cluster should be used for obtaining diverse recombinants in segregating generations, exploiting variety, and broaden the genetic base of the black cumin germplasm.
Abstract: Breeding for high yield crop needs information on the nature and magnitude of variation in the available materials, relationship of yield with other agronomic characters and the degree of environmental influence on the expression of these components characters. Multivariate analyses such as cluster and principal component analysis measures the amou...
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Role of Homegarden Agroforestry Practice in Climate Change Adaptation in Aleta Chuko Woreda, Sidama Region, Southern Ethiopia
Belachew Tunsisa,
Kedir Erbo,
Alemnew Muchie
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, April 2022
Pages:
76-81
Received:
28 January 2022
Accepted:
24 February 2022
Published:
29 March 2022
Abstract: Indeed, the adverse effects of climate change are already evident in resource poor countries including Ethiopia. Southern Ethiopia is known with favorable environment for homegarden agroforestry (HGAF) Production practices. This study aimed at examining the role of HGAF practice in climate change adaptation in Aleta Chuko woreda, Southern Ethiopia. Multi-stage sampling procedures have used to select sample households. Data were collected from adopter and non-adopter categories of HGAF practice with similar socioeconomic background. A total of 141 households (68 adopters and 73 non- adopter) were involved in the household survey. The result revealed about 95% of the respondents observed the change in rainfall in the past three decades, whether decrease, late-onset or early cessation. While 87.3% of respondents perceived an increase in temperature. Farmers’ adaptation strategies to climate change in the area context were soil and water conservation, application of inorganic fertilizer, use of small-scale irrigation and improved crop type were the tactical responses to climate change adaptation in the two adoption categories. It revealed that adoption of HGAF practice exhibit significance difference in terms of adaptation of climate change and sustaining of food security among the two adoption categories. From the result of analysis, access to credit and extension service, educational status, family size and membership of cooperative group shows statistically significant association in adoption of HGAF practices. The study concludes that policies that prioritize interventions to maximize the opportunities for climate change adaptation through HGAF system should been established in the context of the area.
Abstract: Indeed, the adverse effects of climate change are already evident in resource poor countries including Ethiopia. Southern Ethiopia is known with favorable environment for homegarden agroforestry (HGAF) Production practices. This study aimed at examining the role of HGAF practice in climate change adaptation in Aleta Chuko woreda, Southern Ethiopia....
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Rate of Stripe Rust (Puccinia striliformis) at Ada’a, Lume and Gimbichu Districts of East Shewa Zone, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, April 2022
Pages:
81-85
Received:
21 February 2022
Accepted:
21 March 2022
Published:
29 March 2022
Abstract: Stripe (Yellow) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst) is important wheat diseases causing serious damage on cultivated susceptible wheat variety. The wheat yellow rust assessment was conducted during main rainy season of 2018/19 at Ada’a, Lume and Gimbichu using zigzag method of diseases assessment. Disease data’s, agro-eological data and other important parameters were recorded. The disease was prevalent at all districts by diverse incidence and severity ranges. This implies that yellow rust is distributed wheat disease at all surveyed potential districts. The highest yellow rust prevalence 62.5% was recorded at Gimbichu district: conversely; the lowest prevalence percentage 31.25% was recorded at Ada’a district. The highest severity and incidence of yellow rust 60% and 100%, respectively was recorded at Ada’a district with susceptible reaction; while the lowest severity and incidence (30% and 5%) respectively was recorded at Lume districts with moderately susceptible reaction. Yellow rust is governed by many for the distributions and occurrence. Highest yellow rust incidence 100 S was recorded from field cultivated with bread wheat kakaba and Kubsa varieties at growth stage of Milk to matured stage. Local cultivar has shown lowest incidence and severity percentage with moderately susceptible responses than improved varieties.
Abstract: Stripe (Yellow) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst) is important wheat diseases causing serious damage on cultivated susceptible wheat variety. The wheat yellow rust assessment was conducted during main rainy season of 2018/19 at Ada’a, Lume and Gimbichu using zigzag method of diseases assessment. Disease data’s, agro-eological ...
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Registration of Jajo (Acc#28) Small Pod Hot Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) Variety for Kelem Wollega and West Wollega Zones, Western Oromia
Kibiru Kena,
Zewdu Tegenu,
Alemayehu Latera,
Ashenafi Debela
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, April 2022
Pages:
86-89
Received:
13 January 2022
Accepted:
5 February 2022
Published:
31 March 2022
Abstract: Jajo is a common name given for small pod hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) variety with accession name of Acc#28. It is selected out of a local collection done during 2013 from West Wollega and Kellem Wolleg zones and released by Haro Sabu Agricultural Research Center for production in West Wollega and Kellem Wollega Zones of West Oromia, Ethiopia and similar agro- ecologies in 2021. In multi-location trial, Jajo gave a mean dry pod yield of 1225.78kgha-1. Jajo performed better than the standard check, Dinsire, which gave 1010.65kgha-1 mean dry pod yield. On farmers’ fields a mean dry pod yield of 1048.83 kgha-1 was recorded for Jajo. Jajo is small pod hot pepper variety with sparse growth habit and up right pod orientation. It is a variety with light green at maturity and light red at dry pod color r used for market use and domestic consumption. Yield stability study showed that Jajo was stable variety in test locations and requires favorable environments for good pod yield. It is also moderately to major hot pepper disease (anthracnose and cercospora leaf spot) and insect pest. The breeder seed of Jajo is maintained by Haro Sabu Agricultural Research Center for different research purposes.
Abstract: Jajo is a common name given for small pod hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) variety with accession name of Acc#28. It is selected out of a local collection done during 2013 from West Wollega and Kellem Wolleg zones and released by Haro Sabu Agricultural Research Center for production in West Wollega and Kellem Wollega Zones of West Oromia, Ethiop...
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Contamination Level of Arsenic and Cadmium in the Water and Sediments of a Fish Farm: Application of Contamination Indices
Ali Sanou,
Safiatou Coulibaly,
Essignan Fabrice Tresor Tanon,
Mehinta Baro,
Namory Meite,
Ange Marie Lydie Guei,
Boua Celestin Atse
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, April 2022
Pages:
90-99
Received:
6 January 2022
Accepted:
16 February 2022
Published:
20 April 2022
Abstract: Fish farming is widely practiced around the world. Fish is an important source of protein and contributes to the supply of highly nutritious animal protein in Côte d'Ivoire. Pollution of fish farms by toxic metals can lead to contamination of farmed fish. This study evaluates the content of trace metallic elements (TME), which are arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in the water and sediments of a pond farm located in Abengourou in the east of Côte d'Ivoire. Water and sediment samples were collected from a dam and three ponds on the farm in September and October 2020. These samples were analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. All data was processed using STATISTICA 7.1 and was used to calculate Metal Pollution Index (MPI), Ratio Sediment/Water (RS/W), Contamination Factor (CF), the pollution load index (PLI), the individual potential risk index (Er) and the ecological risk index (PERI) in order to assess the level of metal contamination of the fish farm. The mean concentrations of metallic trace elements are higher in the sediments (As: 0.2045±0.218496 - 0.3950±0.1103 mg/kg; Cd: 0.0565±0.0148 - 0.0880±0.0212 mg/kg) than in water (As: (0.1837±0.0148) × 10-2 - (0.2296±0.0300) × 10-2 mg/L; Cd: (0,1150±0.0129) × 10-2 - (0.1250±0.0076) × 10-2 mg / L). Sediments also have the highest overall metal contents. However, MPI<1 in both sediment and water. The CF (As=0.102±0.109 - 0.198±0.055; Cd=0.565±0.148 - 0.880±0.212) showed that the sediments were not contaminated. The PLI (0.253±0.062 - 0.335±0.090) indicated that the sediments on the fish farm were not polluted. In addition, Er (As: 1.02±1.09 - 1.98±0.55; Cd: 16.95±4.44 - 26.40±6.36) and PERI (18.93±4.99 - 27.59±7.57) showed that the sediments do not pose an ecological risk to farmed fish. However, RS/W>1 showed strong mobility of TMEs from water to farm sediments. The concentrations of trace metal elements assayed in the samples were below the recommended standard for freshwater aquaculture. The CF, PLI, Er and PERI indices indicate a low degree of contamination, pollution and a low ecological risk. However, RS/W indicate high mobility of TME from water to sediment.
Abstract: Fish farming is widely practiced around the world. Fish is an important source of protein and contributes to the supply of highly nutritious animal protein in Côte d'Ivoire. Pollution of fish farms by toxic metals can lead to contamination of farmed fish. This study evaluates the content of trace metallic elements (TME), which are arsenic (As) and ...
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