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Impact of Family and Student Factors on Student Attitude Towards Reading in Governmental and Non-Governmental High School of Debre Birhan City
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2018
Pages:
200-206
Received:
4 September 2018
Accepted:
20 September 2018
Published:
24 October 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajtas.20180706.11
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Abstract: Reading is the identification of the symbols and the association of appropriate meaning with them. It requires identification and comprehension. Comprehension skills help the learner to understand the meaning of words in isolation and in context. The purpose of this research is to determine the reading attitudes and Impact of Family and Students Factors on Students Attitude towards Reading of grade 9th and 10th high school students in Governmental and Non-Governmental High School of Debre Birhan City. Totally 247 students from two high schools is chosen according to random sampling method. In order to answer the research questions in the study, “the Attitude Scale towards Reading “was used. For the statistical analyses SPSS 20 was applied. In this study, 48.2 percent of high school students have negative reading attitude whereas the remaining 51.8 percent of the students have positive reading attitude with average reading attitude of the sample respondent 59. The chi-square test of independence indicates gender, place of coming, grade level, both mother and father education level and participation of the student in group discussion have statistically significant association with reading attitude of students (p-value <0.05). From the binary logistic regression high school students’ reading attitudes differs significantly by student age, studding schedule, place of coming, attending in class and group discussion, Education level of both parents, weather condition of the city, grade level and Average financial income but not by gender, school type and economic status of the family.
Abstract: Reading is the identification of the symbols and the association of appropriate meaning with them. It requires identification and comprehension. Comprehension skills help the learner to understand the meaning of words in isolation and in context. The purpose of this research is to determine the reading attitudes and Impact of Family and Students Fa...
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Factors Associated with Gastric Disease Among Students of Hawassa University: The Case of College of Agriculture Students
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2018
Pages:
207-214
Received:
21 August 2018
Accepted:
15 October 2018
Published:
29 October 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajtas.20180706.12
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Abstract: Gastritis affect a person in any sex, age, race and living status even if it is common among adolescent. Unless treated promptly and completely, it can continue to cause problems throughout the person’s life. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of gastritis and assessed associated factors in Hawassa University of College of Agriculture. Cross-sectional study design was used and 174 regular students was taken using questionnaire. Then data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics like chi-square and logistic regression model with help of SPSS. The result of the study indicated that the prevalence of gastritis was 41.4. Problem of anxiety/stress, use of hot drinks like coffee, tea etc. and frequent use of anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin, ibuprofen etc. had statistically significant association with gastritis. This happens due to the fact that anti-inflammatory drugs can result in infection with the bacteria, Helicobacter pylori. Infection with Helicobacter pylori (HP) can usually cause chronic gastritis. Over use of hot drinks and stress/anxiety had also similar effect on gastritis. Thus, the researcher recommends the university and other stakeholders to minimize the incidence through awareness creation about the causes of gastritis.
Abstract: Gastritis affect a person in any sex, age, race and living status even if it is common among adolescent. Unless treated promptly and completely, it can continue to cause problems throughout the person’s life. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of gastritis and assessed associated factors in Hawassa University of College of Agriculture. Cros...
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National Innovation Systems Archetypal Analysis
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2018
Pages:
215-221
Received:
7 September 2018
Accepted:
18 September 2018
Published:
31 October 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajtas.20180706.13
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Abstract: The national innovation system (NIS) determines the innovation capability of a country, and its economic development. However, recently, very little is known regarding the determinants of NIS functioning in various countries. Probably the easiest way to obtain such an understanding is to begin with the structural representation of the NIS. Particularly, it is quite natural to assume that there exists several ‘cornerstone type NIS’ or ‘archetypal NIS’, and all the other types can be considered a mixture of them. The aim of this paper is to somewhat study the advances in the structural understanding of the NIS. For this purpose we conducted our study based on the data set from the Global Innovation Indexes’ (GII) seven pillars and using archetypal analysis. It is also important to note that the concept of entropy was also naturally determined under archetypal analysis. We demonstrate that each NIS can be considered a mixture of three archetypical NISs, which are as follows: The first one is a prototype of a highly developed NIS (with a high level GII score and a low level of entropy); the second one is a prototype of an underdeveloped NIS (with a low level GII score and a low level of entropy); and the third one is an intermediate form of NIS (with a medium level GII score and a high level of entropy). Hence, we establish that such a multidimensional phenomenon, such as the NIS (described in this study as the 7-dimensional vector – GII pillars), with an acceptable level of the accuracy, essentially can be considered a 2-dimensional object; and the corresponding barycentric coordinates are a convenient means of describing NISs. We also introduce an important indicator – the NIS entropy – which characterises the level of the disorder or randomness in the NIS.
Abstract: The national innovation system (NIS) determines the innovation capability of a country, and its economic development. However, recently, very little is known regarding the determinants of NIS functioning in various countries. Probably the easiest way to obtain such an understanding is to begin with the structural representation of the NIS. Particul...
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The Performance of Model Fit Indices for Class Enumeration in Multilevel Factor Mixture Models
Miao Gao,
Walter Leite,
Jinxiang Hu
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2018
Pages:
222-228
Received:
2 October 2018
Accepted:
16 October 2018
Published:
1 November 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajtas.20180706.14
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Abstract: Factor mixture models combine the common factor model and latent class analysis. Given that multilevel data structures are very common in educational and social research, the multilevel factor mixture model (ML FMM) is appropriate for analyzing nested measurement data when population heterogeneity is unobserved. This simulation study aims to investigate the performance of model fit indices with multilevel factor mixture models under various conditions. In data simulation, the five-items and one-factor model with between- and within-cluster was chosen. Two subgroups with the factor mean difference were simulated so two-class was the correct number of classes. To investigate the performance of information criterions, the following conditions were manipulated in this study: class separation, the intraclass correlation (ICC), sample size. For each of the generated dataset, one correct model and three mis-specified models were analyzed to fit the data. The results showed that class separation was an important factor on detecting the correct number of classes in multilevel factor mixture models. The proportion correct increases as the class separation gets larger. Although no single criterion is always best, AIC yield a more accurate model selection than aBIC and BIC overall. Only when class separation is large, aBIC is more trustworthy for model selection. The results of this study can provide the information for educational researchers interested in analyzing multilevel data when the heterogeneity of the population is unknown.
Abstract: Factor mixture models combine the common factor model and latent class analysis. Given that multilevel data structures are very common in educational and social research, the multilevel factor mixture model (ML FMM) is appropriate for analyzing nested measurement data when population heterogeneity is unobserved. This simulation study aims to invest...
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Identifying Determinants of Vaccination Status of Under Five Children in South Omo Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia
Belayneh Debasu Kelkay,
Kassaye Wudu Seid
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2018
Pages:
229-234
Received:
25 August 2018
Accepted:
12 October 2018
Published:
6 November 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajtas.20180706.15
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Abstract: Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material (a vaccine) to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen. The aim of this study was to analyze the determinant factor of vaccination status of under five children in South Omo zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia using binary logistic regression model. Thus from 174 children under investigation 47(27%) of children are not fully vaccinated and 127(73%) are fully vaccinated. Woreda, household sex, religion, mother education level, child sex and child order are the most factors that affect the vaccination status of children. Full vaccination status of children is more likely for children from educated mothers as compared to those from illiterate mothers. The odd of female children to be full vaccinated was increased by 51%. First (OR: 0.401, 95% CI: 0.091, 1.763) and third order (OR: 0.219, 95% CI: 0.051, 0.931) children are associated with full vaccination status of children negatively. Second (OR: 1.128, 95% CI: 0.281, 4.526) and fourth birth order (OR: 1.034, 95% CI: 0.233, 4.58) children are more likely to be vaccinated than first and third order children. Children from female household are highly related to be fully vaccinated than children from male household. Children from orthodox (OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.177, 3.002) family are more vaccinated than the Muslim, catholic and Protestant.
Abstract: Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material (a vaccine) to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen. The aim of this study was to analyze the determinant factor of vaccination status of under five children in South Omo zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia using binary logistic regression model. Thus from 174 c...
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Response Surface Methodology in Application of Optimal Manufacturing Process of Axial-Flow Fans Adopted by Modern Industries
Cheruiyot Chepkeitany Joseph,
Waititu Anthony,
Wanjoya Anthony
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2018
Pages:
235-241
Received:
2 October 2018
Accepted:
19 October 2018
Published:
6 November 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajtas.20180706.16
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Abstract: Response surface methodology (RSM) is a collection of mathematical and statistical techniques that help in model building and analysis of problems in which a response (output variable) of interest is influenced by numerous factors (independent variables) with the objective of optimizing this response. It is widely used in many disciplines such as Manufacturing Industries, Engineering and Agricultural Sciences. Different types of axial flow fans are being used in manufacturing industries in cooling mechanisms where a lot of heat is produce by the machines and in semi-arid and arid areas to regulate room temperatures. Though little research has been done to ascertain the strength of axial flow fans, there was need to study the optimal specifications of fans to be manufactured by industries to produce a more efficient, strong and long lasting cooling fan. This new focus from the manufacturers represents new quality fans that significantly increase market profitability. In this study, second order response surface model was used to estimate the axial-flow fan parameters. Three experimental factors or specifications were evaluated, that is; the hole type in the fan "spyder" (blades), the barrel surface type onto which the “spyder” was placed, and the assembly method type for the two components. Central composite designs satisfying all the rotatability conditions were constructed. The D- and A- optimal criteria were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the design. Secondary data was used to obtained second order optimal model for manufacturing process of axial-flow fans adopted by industries. The partial derivatives of the model were used to determine the stationary points of the response surface. Contour plots were used to determine whether the stationary were at maximum, minimum or saddle points. R statistical program was used in analysis of the data.
Abstract: Response surface methodology (RSM) is a collection of mathematical and statistical techniques that help in model building and analysis of problems in which a response (output variable) of interest is influenced by numerous factors (independent variables) with the objective of optimizing this response. It is widely used in many disciplines such as M...
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Using Excel to Simulate and Visualize Conditional Heteroskedastic Models
William Henry Laverty,
Ivan William Kelly
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2018
Pages:
242-246
Received:
29 October 2018
Accepted:
21 November 2018
Published:
18 December 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajtas.20180706.17
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Abstract: Longitudinal data are available in many disciplines, and quite often the mechanism generating the data are changing over time. These changes must be accounted for when modelling the data and subsequently drawing conclusions from the data. The three statistical models described in this article (GARCH, HMM, ARHMM) are appropriate modelling data with such changes. These three models are generalizations of a random walk. In a random walk the random changes over time have a constant distribution. The three models illustrated account for changes in the distribution of the random displacements over time. Our purpose in the article is to illustrate these three models and their intricacies using Excel. We would also contend and encourage the application of these three models to the analysis of other continuous data in fields utilizing social and medical data.
Abstract: Longitudinal data are available in many disciplines, and quite often the mechanism generating the data are changing over time. These changes must be accounted for when modelling the data and subsequently drawing conclusions from the data. The three statistical models described in this article (GARCH, HMM, ARHMM) are appropriate modelling data with ...
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Modeling the Residuals of Financial Time Series with Missing Values for Risk Measures Using R
Udokang Anietie Edem,
Ugwuowo Fidelis Ifeanyi
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2018
Pages:
247-255
Received:
30 November 2018
Accepted:
14 December 2018
Published:
10 January 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajtas.20180706.18
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Abstract: This paper is to fit an appropriate model on the returns of daily stock price and determine the appropriate model for the residuals in order to compute some risk measures. The daily stock price of First Bank Nigeria, Plc was collected from Nigerian Stock Exchange Market. The methods of weekly average, regression imputation and repetition were used in computing the missing values. Also, adopted was deleting days with missing values. The method of transformation was determined in each of the series and log transformation was adopted for the four series. In the model selection, the ARMA+GARCH model of the repetition had the minimum AIC as compared to other methods of dealing with missing values. The distribution of the residuals was found to be suitable to the Generalized Parato Distribution (GPD). The parameters of this distribution were used in computation of risk measures. The computed Value at Risk (VaR) has a value of 49438.79 and that of the Expected Shortfall (ES) as 49291.24 with position of 1,000,000. This is an indication that the risk of investing in the stock of the First Bank Nigeria, Plc is eminent.
Abstract: This paper is to fit an appropriate model on the returns of daily stock price and determine the appropriate model for the residuals in order to compute some risk measures. The daily stock price of First Bank Nigeria, Plc was collected from Nigerian Stock Exchange Market. The methods of weekly average, regression imputation and repetition were used ...
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