Research Article
The Process of Constructing an Inter-Korean Identity Reflective of the Two Koreas: North Korean Refugee Students’ Hybrid Identity in South Korea
Hagyun Kim*
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, October 2024
Pages:
213-226
Received:
23 July 2024
Accepted:
20 August 2024
Published:
6 September 2024
Abstract: As of March 2024, 34,121 North Korean refugees reside in South Korea, with 12% enrolled in schools. Despite being automatically granted South Korean citizenship upon arrival, these refugees face social exclusion and marginalization, effectively forming a second class within South Korean society. The 70-year division between the two Koreans has resulted in vastly different lifestyle, making it challenging for North Korean refugees to adapt. This difficulty is compounded by a prejudiced social reception and discrimination toward their North Korean identity. The study aims to explore the daily experiences of North Korean refugees with their newfound South Korean citizenship, employing Straussian grounded theory and semi-structured interviews. The study recruited 17 North Korean refugees, including five with experience in elementary, middle and high schools, and five parents with school-going children. The findings reveal that academic deficits, exacerbated by discrimination and stereotypes linked to their North Korean identity, result in a disparity between their legal citizenship and school participation. In response, North Korean refugee students adopt a strategy of ‘being one of them,’ leveraging ethnic homogeneity to facilitate interactions with their South Korean peers. These interactions enable the formation of supportive networks and foster the development of an inter-Korean identity reflective of both Koreas. The study underscores the critical role of multicultural education in achieving educational equality for North Korean refugee students and advocates for social bridging programs that acknowledge and embrace the differences of refugees. Despite being granted citizenship, they continue to be treated as outsiders within South Korean society.
Abstract: As of March 2024, 34,121 North Korean refugees reside in South Korea, with 12% enrolled in schools. Despite being automatically granted South Korean citizenship upon arrival, these refugees face social exclusion and marginalization, effectively forming a second class within South Korean society. The 70-year division between the two Koreans has resu...
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Research Article
The Ṣūfī Semantics of (Waḥdat al-Wujūd) to Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn ʻArabī
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, October 2024
Pages:
227-237
Received:
7 August 2024
Accepted:
3 September 2024
Published:
20 September 2024
Abstract: The dialectic in the article research is the presentation of Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn ʻArabī Ṣūfī semantics in (Waḥdat al-Wujūd), which forms the core of the dispute between conservatives (Ahl al-Hadith) and Ṣūfī. The statement of the Dialectic directs the render to the importance of the topic, places the issue in a specific context, and specifies relevant criteria, providing the necessary framework for reporting the expected results. The idea of the Waḥdat al-Wujūd did not appear in a complete and consistent theoretical form before Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn ʻArabī, some trends though appeared towards this theory from time to time in the sayings of the Sufis who preceded him. Ibn ʻArabī's doctrine of the Waḥdat al-Wujūd is summarized in his denial of the world of appearance and does not recognize the real existence except for God's Creation as a show of true existence. So, according to Ibn ʻArabī, there is only God, and through his doctrine of Waḥdat al-Wujūd, lies Ibn ʻArabī’s understanding of the interdependent relationship between God, the world, and Al-Insān. This research discusses the dialectic of this doctrine through sources and texts that have been misjudged. So, this research article will follow the methodology of analyzing the Sufi texts of Ibn ʻArabī, many subjects by Ibn ʻArabī were discussed. Still, the research will concentrate on (Waḥdat al-Wujūd), because his experience with this subject had a clear influence on the philosophical thought in the whole world and the research deals with Ibn ʻArabī’s doctrine of (Waḥdat al-Wujūd) which means the solitude of existence and the difference between it and the doctrines of Solutions and Union, Through 6 basic elements as follows: The name of the Waḥdat al-Wujūd: (The perfection in the Ṣūfī concept of (Waḥdat al-Wujūd) According to Ibn ʻArabī, "There’s nonexistence but Allah") Then The Dialectic of Ibn Arabi: (The language of Ibn ʻArabī) - (Similarities in Ibn ʻArabī’sbi speech) Then Ibn ʻArabī and symbolic thought Then Texts Ibn ʻArabī's literature on Waḥdat ai-Wujūd Then The Insān al-kāmil and Woman in Ibn ʻArabī’s thought Then after that Results and Discussions that the study reached from the previous elements.
Abstract: The dialectic in the article research is the presentation of Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn ʻArabī Ṣūfī semantics in (Waḥdat al-Wujūd), which forms the core of the dispute between conservatives (Ahl al-Hadith) and Ṣūfī. The statement of the Dialectic directs the render to the importance of the topic, places the issue in a specific context, and specifies relevant...
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Research Article
Using Illustrated Children’s Book to Strength Fracted / Cracks Identity of (the Israeli) Children
Baratz Lea*
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, October 2024
Pages:
238-245
Received:
2 September 2024
Accepted:
18 September 2024
Published:
18 October 2024
Abstract: Illustrations in children's books serve as powerful aesthetic devices to address complex emotions and ideologies, particularly in war-torn regions. These visual narratives act as catalysts for moral, value-based, and political discussions, offering a wordless medium that invites diverse interpretations based on the observer's perspective. This approach creates an open dialogue where there are no absolute right or wrong answers. Children's literature, through its illustrations, becomes a significant agent of socialization. These books impart cultural values, ideological concepts, and political behavior patterns, functioning as tools for establishing culturally responsive pedagogy. The images discussed, while originating from Israeli children's books predating the 2023 conflict, possess a timeless and universal quality that transcends their immediate context. Illustrations in children's books can either complement or diverge from the accompanying text, offering varying degrees of precision or poetic license. They carry cultural connotations that encompass symbols, traditions, beliefs, behaviors, and values unique to a particular society, conveying information beyond the apparent narrative. The inherent power of illustration lies in its ability to communicate directly with young children, often without the need for adult mediation. In preschool literature, illustrations serve multiple functions: they parallel written words, demonstrate abstract concepts, provide concrete representations of characters and settings, emphasize or contradict textual elements, and expand the narrative through visual elements not present in the text. Moreover, illustrations possess a psychological-therapeutic function, contributing to indirect treatment techniques. Like all visual representations, they embody simplified messages and shape recognition, conveyed formally and tangibly, with each element having both conscious and unconscious effects on the Therapeutic visual qualities in illustrated books aim to capture emotional nuances, intensify expressions of feeling, and convey concepts that may be challenging to express verbally. This is achieved through original solutions such as symbolism and creative visual metaphors. In conclusion, illustrations in children's books, particularly those addressing complex themes like war and fear, offer a unique and powerful medium for fostering understanding, encouraging dialogue, and providing emotional support. Their ability to transcend linguistic and cultural barriers makes them invaluable tools in shaping young minds and addressing challenging societal issues.
Abstract: Illustrations in children's books serve as powerful aesthetic devices to address complex emotions and ideologies, particularly in war-torn regions. These visual narratives act as catalysts for moral, value-based, and political discussions, offering a wordless medium that invites diverse interpretations based on the observer's perspective. This appr...
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