DNMT3A Co-Mutation with SF3B1, ASXL1 and TET2 in Indian Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)
Syed Sultan Beevi,
Rahul Yadav,
Vinod Kumar Verma,
Radhika Chowdary Darapuneni,
Sukrutha Gopal Reddy,
Sujatha Paduval,
Sonali Sadawarte,
Dharshani Jayashanker
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
1-5
Received:
1 December 2021
Accepted:
28 December 2021
Published:
8 January 2022
Abstract: Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) encompasses a diverse group of closely related clonal hematopoietic disorders. Several genes are often mutated in MDS, of which only five (DNMT3A, SF3B1, ASXL1, TET2 and SRSF2) are known to be mutated in >10% of cases. In this perspective, we studied the frequency of somatic mutations in DNMT3A, SF3B1, ASXL1 and TET2 genes and also the impact of DNMT3A co-mutation with SF3B1, ASXL1 and TET2 genes in a series of 21 Indian patients primarily diagnosed with MDS. Patients with de novo MDS were examined for mutations in DNMT3A, SF3B1, ASXL1 and TET2 genes by Sanger’s sequencing. The prognostic impact of DNMT3A mutations was evaluated in juxtaposition with SF3B1, ASXL1 and TET2 gene. Around 62% patients (13 out of 21) were found to have a somatic mutation in at least one of the genes studied herein. Of the 13 patients, 2 patients had single mutation of DNMT3A, 5 carried SF3B1 mutation and one patient each had ASXL1 and TET2 mutation. Likewise, 2 patients carried double mutation of DNMT3A/TET2 and one each carried DNMT3A/SF3B1 and DNMT3A/ASXL1 co-mutation. Our study identified novel missense, nonsense and frameshift mutations in DNMT3A, SF3B1, ASXL1 and TET2 genes for the first time in Indian MDS patients. Distinct mutations of DNMT3A in juxtaposition with SF3B1, ASXL1 and TET2 gene were predictive of clinical status.
Abstract: Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) encompasses a diverse group of closely related clonal hematopoietic disorders. Several genes are often mutated in MDS, of which only five (DNMT3A, SF3B1, ASXL1, TET2 and SRSF2) are known to be mutated in >10% of cases. In this perspective, we studied the frequency of somatic mutations in DNMT3A, SF3B1, ASXL1 and TET2 ...
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The Role of Amino Acid Metabolic Reprogramming in Tumor Development and Immunotherapy
Safir Ullah Khan,
Munir Ullah Khan
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
6-12
Received:
10 January 2022
Accepted:
24 January 2022
Published:
9 March 2022
Abstract: Many amino acid transporters are solvent carrier proteins, which are membrane transport proteins. In order for cells of all kinds to thrive, including cancerous ones, they need a constant supply of amino acids, which are important for growth and development. Tumor cells exhibit considerable metabolic reprogramming as one of their distinguishing characteristics. A growing number of studies have shown that the Warburg effect is just one of several factors that influence the development and occurrence of cancers and the tumor microenvironment, immunological response, and cell activity in the gained and innate immune systems. Metabolism reprogramming is required for both cancer growth and the induction of efficient immune systems in the tumor microenvironment. The amino acid metabolism of different cells and their interaction with one another influence tumor immunity and therapeutic efficacy in cancer patients. Therefore, amino acid metabolism has received more attention. Amino acid metabolism is extensively involved in regulating the immune response in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor immunotherapy helps the immune system kill tumor cells by targeting specific molecules and abnormal metabolic processes to change the tumor microenvironment. Amino acid metabolizable energy regulates tumor microenvironment and anti-tumor immune response from signal transduction, tumor inflammatory environment, angiogenesis, tumor cell invasion, and metastasis. It is a crucial intervention target in tumor immunotherapy. This review summarizes the most recent developments in amino acid metabolic reprogramming in tumorigenesis and immunotherapy.
Abstract: Many amino acid transporters are solvent carrier proteins, which are membrane transport proteins. In order for cells of all kinds to thrive, including cancerous ones, they need a constant supply of amino acids, which are important for growth and development. Tumor cells exhibit considerable metabolic reprogramming as one of their distinguishing cha...
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Nutrient Content of Traditional Foods Prepared from Yellow Maize (Zea mays L.) Varieties in Ethiopia
Nibret Mekonen,
Henok Nahusenay,
Kidist Hailu
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
13-17
Received:
18 February 2022
Accepted:
15 March 2022
Published:
23 March 2022
Abstract: Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereal grains for both human food and livestock feed. Ethiopia is among the major maize producers in Africa and ranked fourth next to South Africa, Nigeria and Egypt. Maize production takes significant share of cereals and grain in any production year. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutrient availability of traditional foods prepared from maize varieties (BHQPY545, BH661, Melkasa-1Q and Melkasa-7). HPLC and AAS methods were used to determine beta-carotene and menial contents, respectively. AOAC methods were used to analyze the proximate composition. The results showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in most proximate compositions of the 4 maize varieties. Total carbohydrate between maize varieties ranged from 72.39 to 74.08%, crude fiber (2.19 to 2.23%), crude protein (6.61 to 10.52%), crude fat (3.72 to 5.19%), ash (1.07 to 1.34%), and moisture (9.91 to 12.04%). The products of maize varieties (stiff porridge and flat bread) did not have any significant effect on the crude fiber, crude protein, and ash. Beta-carotene content in BHQMY545 maize was found to be 2.33±0.12, 2.72 ± 0.06 and 2.46±0.51µg/g for raw, stiff porridge and unleavened flat bread, respectively. In four maize types, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in crude fat, calcium, potassium. In general, there is no need to select processing methods because the nutritional makeup of maize types retains better after processing.
Abstract: Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereal grains for both human food and livestock feed. Ethiopia is among the major maize producers in Africa and ranked fourth next to South Africa, Nigeria and Egypt. Maize production takes significant share of cereals and grain in any production year. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutrie...
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