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The Impact of Spirometry on Diagnosis and Treatment: Asthma in Children
Md. Kamruzzaman,
Habiba Jesmin,
Probir Kumar Sarkar,
Nabila Akhand,
Mosharraf Hossain,
Sarbon Tohura
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
1-4
Received:
5 November 2020
Accepted:
13 January 2021
Published:
30 January 2021
Abstract: Introduction: Spirometry is a common method that is used to determine common lung raspatory diseases and lung capacity. It is also used to treat asthma, an extremely common lung disease. Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to assess the clinical improvement and changes in spirometric measurements with treatment in children with newly diagnosed asthma. Methods: This was a cross-sectional prospective study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2019 to December 2019. This prospective study included 50 children between 5-15 years. of age who were newly diagnosed as cases of asthma based on symptoms and medical history. Baseline symptom score and spirometric measurements were determined at the first visit. The children were treated and followed up of 3 to 6 months of initiating treatment. Symptom scores and spirometric measurements were repeated at every visit. Result: The majority of the patients were from the age group of 7-9 years, and gender-wise 2/3rd of the patients were male. The mean symptom score showed the greatest improvements after the 3-month follow up, and continued to show slow but steady improvements at the 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: Spirometry makes a great impact on recognizing and treating respiratory complications, and needs to be used more widely to recognize and remove its limitations.
Abstract: Introduction: Spirometry is a common method that is used to determine common lung raspatory diseases and lung capacity. It is also used to treat asthma, an extremely common lung disease. Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to assess the clinical improvement and changes in spirometric measurements with treatment in children with newly diagnos...
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Clinical Profile of Child COVID-19 Patients of Bangladesh
Sayeeda Anwar,
Iffat Ara Shamsad,
AKM Amirul Morshed,
Fatema Farzana
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
5-8
Received:
29 December 2020
Accepted:
3 February 2021
Published:
10 February 2021
Abstract: Background: Millions of people worldwide have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the prevalence of malnutrition, refusal of immunization during a pandemic, nutritional anemia, air pollution, poverty, poor parental education, inadequate access to high-quality acute healthcare, the clinical characteristics and outcomes of children in Bangladesh may vary from other countries. Information on clinical presentations, outcomes, the relationship between disease incidence and the prevalence of associated disease in Bangladeshi children affected by COVID-19 are scarce. Objective: In this study, our main goal was to evaluate the clinical profile of pediatric COVID-19 patients in child corona unit of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Method: This single center observational study was conducted in Child Corona Unit of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH). A total of 1020 COVID-19 positive pediatric patients were included in this study. Results: In our study, 89.1% of patients had fever, 80.8% had a cough, 23.1% had diarrhea, and 70.8% had myalgia. According to CXR reports, 2.1% patients had ground-glass opacity, 38% had local patchy shadowing, 31.8% patients had bilateral patchy shadowing and 27.9% patients had interstitial abnormalities. Correlation of disease severity between without co-morbidity and with co-morbidity is statistically significant (p=0.01). Conclusion: This research revealed a variable range of presentations. This sheds light on the cases of COVID-19 in the pediatric population. Children with COVID-19 normally present with or are asymptomatic with different symptoms; infants may have a high risk of serious illness. However, most cases were reported in children 11-15 years of age and fever, cough, nasal congestion and dyspnoea were typical symptoms. Serious cases were those with co-morbidity and in order to save them additional attention during home care and prompt hospitalization therapy are needed.
Abstract: Background: Millions of people worldwide have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the prevalence of malnutrition, refusal of immunization during a pandemic, nutritional anemia, air pollution, poverty, poor parental education, inadequate access to high-quality acute healthcare, the clinical characteristics and outcomes of children in Bang...
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Mortality of Neonatal Sepsis with Abnormal Blood Glucose Level
Made Laksmi Dewi Adnyana,
I Gusti Ngurah Sanjaya,
Made Sukmawati,
Ni Putu Siadi Purniti,
Ida Bagus Subanada,
I Wayan Gustawan
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
9-13
Received:
26 January 2021
Accepted:
6 February 2021
Published:
10 February 2021
Abstract: Sepsis is the third leading cause of death in neonates after asphyxia and low birth weight babies (LBW). Abnormal blood glucose, both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, were common metabolic changes in neonatal sepsis. This condition can higher the risk of morbidity and mortality in neonatal sepsis. The aim of this study is to prove the difference in mortality of neonatal sepsis with abnormal blood glucose compared to normal blood glucose. This was a cohort retrospective study with subjects were neonate with 28-42 weeks of gestational age with neonatal sepsis confirmed from clinical sign or blood culture at neonatal ward Sanglah hospital in the period January-August 2020. Subjects were classified as abnormal and normal blood glucose level. Chi-square test was used to assess the difference of mortality in blood glucose level. Multivariate analysis was performed with logistic regression. A total of 64 subjects with abnormal blood glucose and 64 subjects with normal blood glucose were included in this study. Mortality in subject with abnormal blood glucose was 50% and 17.2% with normal blood glucose (P<0,005). Multivariate analysis found abnormal blood glucose increases the risk of mortality 3,04 times compare with normal blood glucose (95% CI 1.09 to 8,45, P<0.033). Mechanical ventilation and asphyxia can also increase the risk of mortality in neonatal sepsis by 12,33 times (95% CI 3,99 to 38,07, P<0,001) and 8.17 times (95% CI 2,35 to 28,37, P<0,001) respectively. Subanalysis found hypoglycemia increases the risk of mortality 3.75 times compare to normoglycemia (95% CI 2.06 to 6.82, P<0.005), and hyperglycemia increases the risk of mortality 2.12 times compare to normoglycemia (95% CI 1.04 to 4.26, P=0.035). Conclusion there are significant difference of mortality in neonatal sepsis with abnormal blood glucose which is higher than normal blood glucose level. This research also found mechanical ventilation and asphyxia can effect the mortality in neonatal sepsis.
Abstract: Sepsis is the third leading cause of death in neonates after asphyxia and low birth weight babies (LBW). Abnormal blood glucose, both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, were common metabolic changes in neonatal sepsis. This condition can higher the risk of morbidity and mortality in neonatal sepsis. The aim of this study is to prove the difference in ...
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Double-positive Anti-glomerular Basement Membrane Disease in a Child with Crescentic Glomerulonephritis: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Subal Kumar Pradhan,
Snehamayee Nayak
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
14-18
Received:
28 December 2020
Accepted:
14 January 2021
Published:
23 February 2021
Abstract: ‘Double-positive’ with anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibody and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) is an extremely rare cause of small vessel vasculitis in children. Studies have reported a distinct hybrid phenotype in double-positive patients which requires an aggressive treatment approach. The data on double positive children are scarce with few case reports available with varied outcomes. A case of 9-year-old girl from India who had double-positive anti-GBM disease is reported here. The patient presented with complaints of edema, oliguria, gross hematuria with rising creatine and was diagnosed as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN). Histological examinations of linear immunoglobulin G deposits along with glomerular capillaries were suggestive of anti-GBM disease. The anti-GBM and p-ANCA antibody titers were also high, and the aforementioned findings led to a diagnosis of ‘double-positive’ anti-GBM with RPGN. She was treated with standard plasma exchange therapy along with pulse methyl prednisolone (3 doses of 30 mg/kg/day on Days 1 to 3), oral prednisolone (1.5 mg/kg on Day 4), single intravenous injection of cyclophosphamide (500 mg/m2 on Day 5) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF; 1000 mg/m2 on Day 6) followed by maintenance treatment with oral prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day) and MMF (800 mg/m2/day) from Day 7 onwards. Overall, the anti-GBM and p-ANCA levels declined throughout the treatment period but the patient progressed towards end stage renal disease.
Abstract: ‘Double-positive’ with anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibody and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) is an extremely rare cause of small vessel vasculitis in children. Studies have reported a distinct hybrid phenotype in double-positive patients which requires an aggressive treatment approach. The data on double positive chi...
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Anogenital Distance in Newborns with Hypospadias
Shashank Patil,
Shridhar Ghagane,
Manas Sharma,
Nerli Rajendra,
Nitin Pingale,
Pulkit Gupta
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
19-22
Received:
10 September 2020
Accepted:
5 October 2020
Published:
4 March 2021
Abstract: Hypospadias is a very common congenital anomaly in which the urethra opens onto the ventral aspect of the penis rather than at the tip. It has an incidence of less than 1% of live male births. In humans, anogenital distance (AGD) is a sexually dimorphic measure of genital development. In this study, we intended to examine the association between AGD and hypospadias using a homogenous group of patients. The same investigator examined all male newborns in our hospital, and anthropometric measurements of the anogenital distance were recorded. All the measurements were made in millimeters (mm) with a sliding digital caliper (graduated in millimeters) used for measuring the distance between the base of the scrotum to the center of the anus; defined as AGD. During the period Jan 2015 to December 2019 (both inclusive), there were 28,426 (14,615 males and 13,811 females) full-term live births in our hospital. The gestational age of the newborns ranged from 37 to 42 weeks. The mean AGD was 21.06±5.57 (range 12.11 to 33.14) mm in newborns without hypospadias, 9.92±1.90 (range 8.0 – 13.9) in newborns with proximal hypospadias and 17.03±1.95 (range 14.0 to 19.9) mm with distal hypospadias. In humans, hypospadias is associated with reduced anogenital distance. AGD further decreases with the severity of hypospadias.
Abstract: Hypospadias is a very common congenital anomaly in which the urethra opens onto the ventral aspect of the penis rather than at the tip. It has an incidence of less than 1% of live male births. In humans, anogenital distance (AGD) is a sexually dimorphic measure of genital development. In this study, we intended to examine the association between AG...
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Factors Associated with Childhood Tonsillitis in Somalia
Abdulkadir Mohamed Muse,
Abdiwahab Mohamed Hassan,
Gallad Dahir Hassan
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
23-27
Received:
17 February 2021
Accepted:
1 March 2021
Published:
10 March 2021
Abstract: Background: Tonsillitis, acute or chronic, is more common among children than adults. Risk factors associated with the occurrence of tonsillitis among Somali children are not well-defined mainly due to lack of health research in Somalia. The purpose of this study is to identify the main risk factors of childhood tonsillitis to better prevent and avoid further complications of the disease. Methods: The study included the caregivers of 60 children with tonsillitis receiving treatment, at the time of the study, from Garowe General Hospital. A convenience sampling method was used and data were entered into SPSS and analyzed for frequency and percentages. Results: This study shows that the majority of the study participants with tonsillitis 32 (53%) were 1-7 years old and 39 (65%) of the participants were female. Childhood tonsillitis was associated with parents’ lower educational levels: illiterate 32 (53.3%), primary education 20 (33.3%), secondary school 6 (10%), and university level 2 (3.3%). The importance of personal hygiene was believed in by 31 (52%) of the caregivers, while 18 (17%) of the caregivers reported that their children do not brush their teeth at all. The majority of the caregivers 50 (83%) believed that tonsillitis is a disease with less severity. A family history of tonsillitis 49 (82%) was also associated with childhood tonsillitis. Conclusion: Low socioeconomic status, family history of tonsillitis, and poor personal hygiene were all associated with childhood tonsillitis. Furthermore, in addition to tonsillitis, some of the children in this study had malnutrition, asthma, and allergies. To successfully prevent and control childhood tonsillitis, identification of its risk factors is crucial.
Abstract: Background: Tonsillitis, acute or chronic, is more common among children than adults. Risk factors associated with the occurrence of tonsillitis among Somali children are not well-defined mainly due to lack of health research in Somalia. The purpose of this study is to identify the main risk factors of childhood tonsillitis to better prevent and av...
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Probiotics: Popping the Prevalence and Parental Perspective
Georgia Parry,
David Tuthill
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
28-33
Received:
4 January 2021
Accepted:
3 March 2021
Published:
17 March 2021
Abstract: The aim of this project was to evaluate parental knowledge and opinions on the use of probiotics in children, specifically comparing those attending an allergy or gastroenterology clinic with parents of other paediatric patients. A survey containing nine items was administered to a convenience sample of parents in the inpatient and outpatient departments at the Children’s Hospital for Wales. The questions were asked face to face by one observer; answers were recorded anonymously on a tablet computer using the online survey tool KwikSurveys. A total of 304 parents completed the survey. Overall, 53.9% of parents knew what probiotics were, 75.3% thought that they could improve a child’s health and 53.6% had given their child probiotics. In the cohort attending allergy or gastroenterology clinics, 64.2% had given their child probiotics, compared with 50.2% of the remaining participants (OR 1.78; 95% CI 1.01, 3.12). Healthcare professionals were 13% more likely to recommend the use of a probiotic to a parent in this cohort. In conclusion, awareness and knowledge of probiotics was reasonable among parents, and most thought that they could improve a child’s health. Parents were more likely to give their child probiotics if they attended an allergy or gastroenterology clinic.
Abstract: The aim of this project was to evaluate parental knowledge and opinions on the use of probiotics in children, specifically comparing those attending an allergy or gastroenterology clinic with parents of other paediatric patients. A survey containing nine items was administered to a convenience sample of parents in the inpatient and outpatient depar...
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Redesigning the Door Reduces the Potential for Finger Injuries in Children
Ivan Yang,
Loren Yamamoto
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
34-38
Received:
27 February 2021
Accepted:
17 March 2021
Published:
30 March 2021
Abstract: The standard door is a safety hazard for young children often resulting in crush injuries, nail avulsions, fractures, lacerations, and amputations. This type of injury occurs mostly in households and may sometimes happen to adults, although this is less common. The simplicity of the door’s design has continually become a concern mostly due to its potential to cause injury. The purpose of this study is to redesign the door to reduce the risk of finger injuries in children. A safety door was designed and a model of it was constructed for study. Its two major features utilize silicone rubber fins at the pinch points and a “piano” hinge running the entire door length (instead of the conventional two or three separate hinges) to eliminate the space between the hinges. Ten door closures using five finger models (beef stick, green beans, string cheese, crayons, red licorice twists) were performed to observe and assess the resulting injuries from the safety door compared to a standard door. The severity of the resulting injuries was scored using a 0 – 8 numerical score. The collected data were recorded in a computer spreadsheet for statistical analysis. The safety door resulted in 1 amputation (0.7%) compared to 120 amputations (out of 200 door closures) in the standard door (60%, p<0.0001) and had significantly lower numerical injury scores (0.2 vs 4.8, p=0.0001). The safety door is less injurious than the conventional door and re-designing the door will likely lower the risk of finger injuries in young children.
Abstract: The standard door is a safety hazard for young children often resulting in crush injuries, nail avulsions, fractures, lacerations, and amputations. This type of injury occurs mostly in households and may sometimes happen to adults, although this is less common. The simplicity of the door’s design has continually become a concern mostly due to its p...
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Neurocysticercosis (NCC) in 15-Year-Old Girl, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: A Case Report
Albert William Hotomo,
Defranky Theodorus,
Ivan Veriswan
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
39-43
Received:
5 March 2021
Accepted:
23 March 2021
Published:
30 March 2021
Abstract: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is an acquired parasitic infection of the central nervous system (CNS) in humans caused by encysted pork tapeworm larvae, namely Taenia solium. NCC has been discovered to be the most common etiology of focal seizure among the pediatric population. The severe CNS sequelae by NCC might cause to poor quality of life, eventually lead to sudden death. In this study, we report a case of NCC in a fifteen-year-old girl. Case illustration: a fifteen-year-old girl suddenly experienced a focal seizure of the right hand, along with a decreased of consciousness. The duration of the seizure was less than five minutes. It recurred for three times since ten hours before admission to hospital. She admitted that it was the first unprovoked seizure in her life. There was no record of fever and cough. She had a history of eating pork in the rural region of Sumba Island. Physical examination demonstrated GCS E3V4M5, normal findings of general and neurological status. Computed Tomography (CT) scan with contrast revealed a hypodense calcified lesion appended by a cyst with a dot sign, located at the grey-white matter junction at left parietal region. These findings supported colloidal vesicular stage of NCC. The diagnosis of this patient was neurocysticercosis. Therefore, she was given albendazole 400mg bid and valproic acid (15mg/kg/day) for a month, and intravenous dexamethasone (1mg/kg) with a maximum dose of 12 mg qid. After a month of treatment, she did not either have any seizure or other complaints. CT scan evaluation demonstrated a radiological improvement. Summary: NCC is identified as one of the commonest causes of epilepsy and seizure. The combination between antiparasitic with another supportive therapy gives comprehensive treatment of NCC.
Abstract: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is an acquired parasitic infection of the central nervous system (CNS) in humans caused by encysted pork tapeworm larvae, namely Taenia solium. NCC has been discovered to be the most common etiology of focal seizure among the pediatric population. The severe CNS sequelae by NCC might cause to poor quality of life, eventuall...
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