Review Article
Drought Risk Management in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review
Terefe Hundessa Bekana*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
1-11
Received:
17 December 2024
Accepted:
3 January 2025
Published:
22 January 2025
Abstract: Ethiopia faces significant vulnerability to climate change due to its limited adaptive capacity and heavy reliance on rain-fed agriculture for livelihoods. Drought, a critical aspect of climate change, is a persistent and silent disaster that gradually affects extensive areas across the country. Unlike sudden natural disasters such as floods or tornadoes, the impacts of drought develop slowly and are not immediately apparent. This paper examines the critical drought impacts and its risk management in Ethiopia, a country that faces recurrent droughts fanned by climate change, significantly impacting millions of people, particularly in rural areas. The aim of the paper is to investigate the socio-environmental challenges raised by water scarcity, which affects agricultural productivity, food security, and public health. The study emphasizes the importance of integrated drought management strategies that combine government initiatives, community engagement, and international support to enhance resilience among vulnerable populations. The implementation of the Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP), community-driven adaptation measures, and the role of social capital in fostering cooperation and resource sharing during crises is a key strategy of short term drought adaptation. Advanced monitoring and predictive technologies to improve preparedness and response to drought events is crucial. By addressing both the technical and social dimensions of drought risk management, this research contributes to the development of sustainable solutions that aim to mitigate the impacts of drought and promote long-term resilience in Ethiopia.
Abstract: Ethiopia faces significant vulnerability to climate change due to its limited adaptive capacity and heavy reliance on rain-fed agriculture for livelihoods. Drought, a critical aspect of climate change, is a persistent and silent disaster that gradually affects extensive areas across the country. Unlike sudden natural disasters such as floods or tor...
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Research Article
Spatial Distribution of Air Quality in Moulvibazar District Town, Bangladesh: A Wintertime Observation
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
12-25
Received:
30 September 2024
Accepted:
30 December 2024
Published:
27 February 2025
Abstract: Since air pollution in Bangladesh's urban areas is becoming more prevalent, most study has concentrated on major metropolitan cities, leaving smaller urban centers understudied. In order to address that gap, this study investigated the air quality in Moulvibazar, a district of Sylhet Division. This study aims to assess the concentrations of Particulate Matter (PM1, PM2.5 and PM10) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) across different land-use types in district town of Moulvibazar. Air quality monitoring was conducted at 60 locations using a portable Air Quality Monitor, Indoor Outdoor Formaldehyde (HCHO) Detector (Model: DM106) and a portable CO Meter (Model: AS8700A) to determine the parameters. Descriptive statistics and whisker box plots were also employed to analyze and visualize the variations in pollutant concentrations across different locations. Additionally, ArcGIS software (10.4.1. version) was used for spatial analysis, and a dendrogram plot was created to classify and interpret data clusters, providing a deeper understanding of the spatial distribution of pollutants. The Department of Environment (DoE) established Bangladesh National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for PM2.5, PM10, and carbon monoxide (CO) at 65 µg/m3, 150 µg/m3, and 9 ppm, respectively. Results indicated that the average concentrations of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 across these locations were 93.47 µg/m3, 154.82 µg/m3, and 198.95 µg/m3, respectively. The most polluted location was Modal Thana (a commercial area) where PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 concentration were 154, 241.5 and 319.25 µg/m3, respectively. CO concentrations in the most polluted area were found to be 2.27 times higher than the NAAQS standards. Despite these findings, the variations in pollutant concentrations across different land-use types were statistically insignificant. Road intersections recorded the highest average PM2.5 concentration (168.30 µg/m3), whereas the lowest average data of PM2.5 found in industrial areas (149.25 µg/m3). The study finds worthwhile air quality issues in Moulvibazar, with pollutant levels exceeding the NAAQS. Urgent actions, such as pollution control and sustainable urban development, are required to address these concerns.
Abstract: Since air pollution in Bangladesh's urban areas is becoming more prevalent, most study has concentrated on major metropolitan cities, leaving smaller urban centers understudied. In order to address that gap, this study investigated the air quality in Moulvibazar, a district of Sylhet Division. This study aims to assess the concentrations of Particu...
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