-
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Metal(II) Complexes of Benzoyl Hydrazide and Its Hydrazone Derivative Mixed with Nicotinamide
Olawale Folorunso Akinyele,
Adeyanju Bukola Adesina,
Temitope Adekunle Ajayeoba,
Emmanuel Gabriel Fakola
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, August 2023
Pages:
137-145
Received:
24 May 2023
Accepted:
19 June 2023
Published:
6 July 2023
Abstract: The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance has prompted the exploration of alternative antimicrobial agents. In this context, the antimicrobial properties of hydrazide derivatives and their metal complexes have garnered significant interest. In line with this motivation, the present study investigated the antimicrobial activity of Benzoyl hydrazide (BAH) and its hydrazone derivative, acetophenone-benzoylhydrazone (ABH), along with their corresponding metal(II) complexes. Synthesis and characterization of BAH, ABH, and their metal complexes were conducted using a range of spectroscopic techniques. The structural elucidation of the hydrazide and hydrazone compounds involved the utilization of infrared (FT-IR), UV–Visible, and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR) spectroscopy. Similarly, the characterization of the metal complexes was achieved through infrared (FT-IR) and UV–Visible spectroscopy. The infrared (IR) spectra of the metal complexes exhibited medium bands within the 1624 to 1503 cm-1 range, which could be attributed to the stretching vibrations of νC=N. Notably, these bands displayed frequency shifts in both higher and lower directions. Additional weak bands emerged at 692 - 520 cm-1 and 584 - 422 cm-1, corresponding to the M-O and M-N bonds, respectively. The presence of these bands further supported the formation of the metal complexes. Moreover, the electrolytic nature of the complexes was confirmed by molar conductivity measurements in aqueous solutions, which ranged from 235 to 298 Ω-1cm2mol-1. Investigation into the magnetic properties of the metal complexes showed that, with the exception of the Cu(II) complex of benzoic acid hydrazide mixed with nicotinamide, the complexes demonstrated magnetic dilution. Specifically, the room temperature magnetic moments for the Cu(II) complex were determined as 1.69 B.M and 3.79 B.M, respectively, indicative of an antiferromagnetic behavior. Furthermore, all the complexes exhibited significantly heightened antimicrobial activity compared to their respective ligands, thus highlighting their potential as effective antimicrobial agents against the tested microbes.
Abstract: The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance has prompted the exploration of alternative antimicrobial agents. In this context, the antimicrobial properties of hydrazide derivatives and their metal complexes have garnered significant interest. In line with this motivation, the present study investigated the antimicrobial activity of Benzoy...
Show More
-
Topology on Nature: Isomerization of Five Membered Ring Tetrahedral Angles
Carmen-Irena Mitan,
Emerich Bartha,
Petru Filip
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, August 2023
Pages:
146-154
Received:
22 June 2023
Accepted:
8 July 2023
Published:
21 July 2023
Abstract: Tetrahedral angles of five membered ring are disclosed from the polyhedron geometry point of view, dodecahedron and icosahedron geometry under Fibonacci number. The number of carbons on carbasugar follows the Fibonacci sequence, each carbon is placed at 0.618034 per turn (222.5[deg]). The Fibonacci golden angle 137.5[deg] with its 0.382 turns is approximately equals with Sunflower (Ferment’s spiral – golden angle 136.18[deg]), icosahedron (138.16[deg]), or icositetrahedron (136.18[deg]). In case of five membered ring iminocyclitols are established four equations 18-21 for calculation the isomers of tetrahedral angles φCn[deg] under Fibonacci approach. As demonstrate by Aston et al in 1941 and confirmed by Pitzer in 1945, the cyclopentene conformation is puckered and the deformation is not static is dynamic, with the puckering displacements progressing pseudorotation. In case of five membered ring iminocyclitols with α-D ribitol (1-5) and β-L ribitol (6-8) stereochemistry the wave character of the NMR data on 3-sphere approach – Hopf fibration versus Lie algebra – point out the existence of the pseudorotation through the values of tetrahedral angles φCn[deg] around the five membered ring in close relationships with dihedral angles θHnHn+1[deg] and vicinal angles ϕ[deg], angles result from vicinal coupling constant 3JHnHn+1[Hz]. Hűckel theories under Hopf fibration and polyhedron geometry confirming the existence of tetrahedral angles able to fluctuate around the ring. The Fibonacci approach highlighting the existence of the pseudorotation through three characteristics number: 1.6, 1.9, 1.5 calculated from carbon chemical shift δCn[ppm] with equations 18-21. The main question, is that only a problem of geometry? or with some exception three indubitable isomers must be considered responsible for puckered five membered ring structure on its pseudo rotational itinerary. If you are exciting about this question follow the demonstration about the implication of topology on nature.
Abstract: Tetrahedral angles of five membered ring are disclosed from the polyhedron geometry point of view, dodecahedron and icosahedron geometry under Fibonacci number. The number of carbons on carbasugar follows the Fibonacci sequence, each carbon is placed at 0.618034 per turn (222.5[deg]). The Fibonacci golden angle 137.5[deg] with its 0.382 turns is ap...
Show More
-
Periodicity of Interaction Coefficients of Al and Si in Molten Fe-Based Alloys Arranged with Periodical Table and Phase Diagrams
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, August 2023
Pages:
155-160
Received:
6 July 2023
Accepted:
20 July 2023
Published:
26 July 2023
Abstract: Periodicity of the interaction coefficients of Al and Si; εAlj and εSij in molten iron was analyzed to try generalization of the interaction coefficients. The coefficients of both Al and Si, which are important for deoxidation of molten steels, arranged with periodic table show periodicity with each Period from 2 to 5. Referring to the phase diagrams of Al-j systems, the melting point of the first compound from the Al-j liquid solution was focused on. It was found that the interaction coefficients increased with increasing the melting point of the compounds. The empirical correlations were found as εAlJ= 0.019*TM (compound)-19.48 (Al-system) and εSiJ= 0.053*TM (compound)-74.35 (Si-system) TM is the melting point of the compound. The periodicity was more improved by applying the above equations than the first plots.
Abstract: Periodicity of the interaction coefficients of Al and Si; εAlj and εSij in molten iron was analyzed to try generalization of the interaction coefficients. The coefficients of both Al and Si, which are important for deoxidation of molten steels, arranged with periodic table show periodicity with each Period from 2 to 5. Referring to the phase diagra...
Show More
-
FT-IR and FT Raman: Experimental and Theoretical Studies and HOMO-LUMO Analysis of 1,2,4,5-Tetracyanobenzene
Ali Sanda Bawa,
Abdoul-Rachid Chaibou Yacouba,
Seydou Ouedraogo,
Mabinty-Bayo Bangoura,
Karifa Bayo,
Marcel Bouvet
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, August 2023
Pages:
161-167
Received:
11 July 2023
Accepted:
14 August 2023
Published:
31 August 2023
Abstract: Experimental and theoretical studies on molecular and vibrational structure of 1,2,4,5-Tetracyanobenzene (TCNB) have been undertaken in the present work. The FT-IR spectrum and FT Raman spectrum of TCNB were recorded respectively in the region 4000–400 cm−1 and 2500-400 cm-1. The optimized geometries in the ground state were calculated by DFT (B3LYP) methods with 6-311G basis set. The optimized structural shown the difference in the bond lengths and some angles are very little affected with a small reduction. The computational results indicate that the molecule adopts a plane geometry and belongs to the D2h point group with the aromatic ring lying in the plane of symmetry. The molecular electrostatic potential shown that the two protons of TCNB as well as the benzene ring are in electron deficient region whereas the CN group are in electron rich region. The carbon atom of CN group and the carbon on the benzene ring are in antibonding interactions in HOMO and in bonding interactions in the LUMO. The harmonic vibrational frequencies, infrared intensities and Raman activities of the TCNB were evaluated. After scaling, the computational wavenumbers are in agreement with the experimental values. A detailed interpretation of the infrared and Raman spectra of TCNB is presented.
Abstract: Experimental and theoretical studies on molecular and vibrational structure of 1,2,4,5-Tetracyanobenzene (TCNB) have been undertaken in the present work. The FT-IR spectrum and FT Raman spectrum of TCNB were recorded respectively in the region 4000–400 cm−1 and 2500-400 cm-1. The optimized geometries in the ground state were calculated by DFT (B3LY...
Show More
