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Adsorptive Behaviour of a Nigerian Natural Clay for the Removal of Lead and Cadmium from Aqueous Solutions
Aminu Koko Rabiu,
Murtala Maidamma Ambursa,
Yakubu Yahaya,
Faruk Umar Maiahu,
Farooq Abubakar Atiku
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, August 2022
Pages:
93-102
Received:
13 June 2022
Accepted:
29 June 2022
Published:
12 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjc.20221004.11
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Abstract: The occurrence of heavy metals in water constitute a major threat to both humans and aquatic animals. The current research work investigated the adsorptive behavior of a natural clay obtained from Goronyo Local Government, Sokoto state, Nigeria for Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions removal from aqueous solution. The clay sample was characterized using different techniques (X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). Batch adsorption method was employed at room temperature to investigate the amount of metal ion adsorbed per gram of clay as a function of solution pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and metal ion concentration. Optimum adsorption was attained at solution pH of 5.5 and 6 for Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions, respectively, contact time of 60 min, adsorbent dosage of 0.5 g/50 mL and metal ion concentration of 50 mg/L. Kinetic analysis revealed that the adsorption conform to pseudo-second order kinetic model. Among the different isotherms tested, the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms gave the best fit, illustrating that the interaction was predominantly chemical in nature but the adsorption sites were heterogeneous. The maximum adsorption amount per gram of the clay adsorbent was found to be 49.72 and 31.63 mg/g for Pb(II) and Cd (II) ions, respectively. These results suggest that GN clay can be efficiently utilized as a low-cost adsorbent for metal ions removal from aqueous systems.
Abstract: The occurrence of heavy metals in water constitute a major threat to both humans and aquatic animals. The current research work investigated the adsorptive behavior of a natural clay obtained from Goronyo Local Government, Sokoto state, Nigeria for Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions removal from aqueous solution. The clay sample was characterized using differe...
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Stability and Absorption of Fourteen Manzamenones, Artemisinin and Quinine Isolated and Complexed with H2O, Alanine by ONIOM, DFT and TD-DFT Methods
Atse Adepo Jacques,
Diomande Sekou,
Kone Soleymane,
Bamba El-Hadji Sawaliho
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, August 2022
Pages:
103-115
Received:
16 June 2022
Accepted:
1 July 2022
Published:
12 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjc.20221004.12
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Abstract: This work is carried out on fourteen Manzamenones and two antimalarials (Quinine and Artemisinin). It was undertaken to compare their reactivity parameters on one hand and on the other hand, the absorption properties in the UV range for the isolated molecules and two types of complexes studied. Manzamenones are an atypical class of fatty acids. They are isolated from a marine sponge of the genus Plakortis kenyensis and used in the treatment of malaria. The study is based on quantum chemical calculations. First, we calculated and compared the reactivity parameters of the complexes to those of the isolated molecules. The levels of theory used to calculate the complexes of Manzamenones are ONIOM (B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p); AM1) and ONIOM (B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p); AM1). Those used to calculate the complexes of Quinine and Artemisinin are B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p). Secondly, for each molecule and its two studied complexes, we have realized the UV absorption spectra. The time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) method was used for these calculations. These different comparisons allowed detecting similarities and differences between Manzamenones and antimalarials (Quinine and Artemisinin). These calculations showed that all these structures absorb in the UV-visible range with absorption maxima wavelengths between 200 nm and 350 nm. The possible red shift, bue shift, hyperchromic and hypochromic effects of the probes (water and alanine) were examined on the spectra.
Abstract: This work is carried out on fourteen Manzamenones and two antimalarials (Quinine and Artemisinin). It was undertaken to compare their reactivity parameters on one hand and on the other hand, the absorption properties in the UV range for the isolated molecules and two types of complexes studied. Manzamenones are an atypical class of fatty acids. The...
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Research Progress Trend of Water-Soluble Lubricating Additives
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, August 2022
Pages:
116-119
Received:
3 July 2022
Accepted:
18 July 2022
Published:
26 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjc.20221004.13
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Abstract: In the field of industrial lubrication, water-soluble lubricant additives determine the performance of water-based lubrication system. In recent years, some new water-based lubricant additives with special structure and composition show excellent performance and broad application prospects. Research and development of high-performance water-soluble lubricant additives is the key to improve the comprehensive performance of water-based lubricants and broaden their application range. The research status and characteristics of water-soluble lubricant additives at home and abroad were analyzed, and the research and application of water-soluble lubricant additives such as carboxylic acid and its salts, water-soluble organic metal lubricant additives, water-soluble lubricant additives containing active elements such as sulfur and phosphorus, boron-containing water-soluble lubricant additives and nano-water-soluble lubricant additives at home and abroad were introduced in detail. At the same time, combined with the complexity of compatibility of water-soluble lubricant additives and the limitations of remaining in the stage of experimental synthesis and theoretical exploration, the multi-functional development trend of water-soluble lubricant additives integrating lubrication, rust prevention and biodegradation was analyzed and predicted. The problems existing in the current research are analyzed, and the development trend is prospected. It is suggested that the research on water-soluble lubricating additives should be strengthened to further improve the performance of these additives.
Abstract: In the field of industrial lubrication, water-soluble lubricant additives determine the performance of water-based lubrication system. In recent years, some new water-based lubricant additives with special structure and composition show excellent performance and broad application prospects. Research and development of high-performance water-soluble...
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Assay of Total Polyphenols, Flavonoids, and Proanthocyanidins and Determination of the Antioxidant Activity of Different Extracts of Merremia tridentata Leaves
Papa Biram Sy,
Aissatou Alioune Gaye,
Alioune Fall
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, August 2022
Pages:
120-125
Received:
3 August 2022
Accepted:
18 August 2022
Published:
29 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjc.20221004.14
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Abstract: The aqueous and organic solvent extracts of Merremia tridentata leaves are studied. Extraction conditions are optimized: an extraction time of 20 minutes, a temperature of 80°C and a plant material/water mixture of 1% give the best yield of polyphenol. The amount of polyphenols, flavonoids, and proanthocyanins of each organic solvent extract was investigated. The results obtained show that the aqueous extract is richer in phenolic compounds and in flavonoids with, respectively, a Total Polyphenolic Content (TPC) of (29.823±0.56 mg EQAG/g) and a Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) of 10.18±0.32 mg EQ/g. For the proanthocyanidins, it can be noted that all the extracts have substantially equal values varying between 0.6377-0.6906 mg/g). Antioxidant activities are measured using two different methods (DPPH· and CUPRAC). The aqueous extract have the highest values of (77.67±0.98 mg/g) and (96.37±2.02 mg/g), respectively. The study of the antioxidant activities of the extracts do not show a correlation between the amount of polyphenols and the IC50. The ethanolic and methanolic extracts which are although less rich in polyphenol, seem more effective with IC50 estimated at 0.108 mg/mL and 0.110 mg/mL respectively, while the aqueous extract, which is richer in polyphenol records an IC50 of 0.283 mg/mL.
Abstract: The aqueous and organic solvent extracts of Merremia tridentata leaves are studied. Extraction conditions are optimized: an extraction time of 20 minutes, a temperature of 80°C and a plant material/water mixture of 1% give the best yield of polyphenol. The amount of polyphenols, flavonoids, and proanthocyanins of each organic solvent extract was in...
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Ficus Sycomorus L. Extracts: Phytochemical Screening, Total Polyphenols and Flavonoids Contents, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity
Abba Diarra Kone,
Bedie Mbow,
Aissatou Alioune Gaye,
Samba Fama Ndoye,
Mohamed Gaye
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, August 2022
Pages:
126-132
Received:
10 August 2022
Accepted:
25 August 2022
Published:
31 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjc.20221004.15
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Abstract: Ficus Sycomorus L. is a plant widely used in Senegal by traditional healers for the management of certain pathologies such as stomach aches or skin rashes. The objective of our work is to determine the contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids of the methanolic extracts of the different organs of Ficus Sycomorus L. Subsequently, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of these extracts were studied. Polyphenols, flavonoids, sterols and polyterpenes are present in all plant organs. The antioxidant capacities expressed as IC50 of the methanolic extracts of the different organs of Ficus Sycomorus L. reveal that the stem bark extract has the best activity with an IC50 of 0.237 ± 0.016 mg/mL. This good activity is in agreement with the high levels of total polyphenols in stem bark (193.4257 ± 0.6971 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent). The steam bark extract give the best results for the antimicrobial tests with a MIC value of 1.875 mg/mL on Staphylococcus Aureus ATCC 29212. The good scavenging activity of the Ficus Sycomorus L. extracts on free radical and the good biological activity justify the use of this plant in traditional medicine. The best antibacterial activities of stem bark of Ficus Sycomorus L. on the different bacterial strains can be explained by the higher polyphenol content of stem bark compared to leaves and fruits of Ficus Sycomorus L.
Abstract: Ficus Sycomorus L. is a plant widely used in Senegal by traditional healers for the management of certain pathologies such as stomach aches or skin rashes. The objective of our work is to determine the contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids of the methanolic extracts of the different organs of Ficus Sycomorus L. Subsequently, the antioxidant ...
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