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Development of Site Specific Optimal Tilt Angle Model for Fixed Tilted Plane PV Installation ın Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Anyanime Tim Umoette,
Mbetobong Udo Festus,
Emmanuel A. Ubom
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
50-55
Received:
25 October 2016
Accepted:
18 November 2016
Published:
12 January 2017
Abstract: Photovoltaic (PV) panels’ orientation (azimuth angle) and tilt angle significantly affect the energy output of PV power plants. The reason is because the photovoltaic panels produce more electric energy when their surfaces are perpendicular to the sun's rays. Researchers have developed models for estimating the optimal tilt angle for any given location across the globe. In this paper, a site specific model is developed for more accurate estimation of the optimal tilt angle for fixed-tilt angle PV installations at the Ibom E-Library in Uyo metropolis, Akwa state of Nigeria. The solar radiation data used for the study was obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (NASA SSE) website. PVsyst simulation software was used to perform the transposition of the global radiation on horizontal plane to tilted plane. For the location with latitude of 5.123° the existing model estimated the optimal tilt angle as 7.16035° whereas, the site-specific model estimated 11.5° for the optimal tilt angle. The model has prediction accuracy of 99.77% and root mean square error of 0.002567. The optimal tilt angle model can be employed for fixed tilted plane PV installations in the nearby locations.
Abstract: Photovoltaic (PV) panels’ orientation (azimuth angle) and tilt angle significantly affect the energy output of PV power plants. The reason is because the photovoltaic panels produce more electric energy when their surfaces are perpendicular to the sun's rays. Researchers have developed models for estimating the optimal tilt angle for any given loca...
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Design of Stand Alone Floating PV System for Ibeno Health Centre
Anyanime Tim Umoette,
Emmanuel A. Ubom,
Mbetobong Udo Festus
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
56-61
Received:
25 October 2016
Accepted:
18 November 2016
Published:
12 January 2017
Abstract: In this paper, electrical energy demand (load) of health centre at Ibeno beach in Akwa Ibom, was estimated based on watt-hour energy demand of the electrical appliances in the health centre. The estimated daily load demand is 35 kWh/day with peak load of 7.735 kW. The sea ambient temperature is about 8% lower than that obtainable on land while the wind speed on sea is about 67% higher than the wind speed on land. The cumulative effect of the lower offshore temperature and higher offshore wind speed is offshore PV cell temperature that is about 18% lower than the PV cell temperature on land. The system is designed with 3 days of autonomy and the resultant load demand will be satisfied by 11.41 kW PV modules and 4765.8Ah battery capacity which amounts to 64 units of the selected PV panels and 24 units of the selected battery.
Abstract: In this paper, electrical energy demand (load) of health centre at Ibeno beach in Akwa Ibom, was estimated based on watt-hour energy demand of the electrical appliances in the health centre. The estimated daily load demand is 35 kWh/day with peak load of 7.735 kW. The sea ambient temperature is about 8% lower than that obtainable on land while the ...
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Comparative Analysis of the Performance of Different Photovoltaic (PV) Technologies Based on PVSyst Thermal Model
Abasi-obot Iniobong Edifon,
Nkan Imo Edwin,
Ekpe Unwana Macaulay
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
62-67
Received:
25 October 2016
Accepted:
3 November 2016
Published:
13 January 2017
Abstract: This paper presents the effect of ambient meteorological parameters on the performance of different photovoltaic (PV) technologies based on PVSyst thermal model. The PV technologies considered are: monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, microcrystalline and cadmium telluride. The study is conducted with hourly meteorological data obtained from PVSyst software meteo-file for Dakar in Senegal, with site coordinate of 14.5° N and 17.0° W. The results show that the different PV technologies have the same cell temperature because PVSyst uses default adsorption coefficient of 0.9 for the different PV technologies. However, the performance of the different PV technologies in response to the cell temperature differs in respect of their thermal coefficient. Among the five PV technologies studied, amorphous silicon has the lowest thermal coefficient and the best thermal response but the worst solar energy conversion efficiency. This means that amorphous silicon would occupy much more space to achieve the same energy output as the other PV technologies studied. Conversely, polycrystalline silicon has the highest thermal coefficient and the worst thermal response but its solar energy conversion efficiency is relatively higher than those of other PV technologies except monocrystalline silicon. The polycrystalline silicon with the same PV module size will yield more energy than its equivalent sized amorphous silicon PV module.
Abstract: This paper presents the effect of ambient meteorological parameters on the performance of different photovoltaic (PV) technologies based on PVSyst thermal model. The PV technologies considered are: monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, microcrystalline and cadmium telluride. The study is conducted with hourly meteorol...
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Estimation and Ranking of the Photovoltaic Energy Potential for Local Government Areas in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Abasi-obot Iniobong Edifon,
Nkan Imo Edwin,
Inyang Aniekan Ben
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
68-77
Received:
25 October 2016
Accepted:
17 November 2016
Published:
13 January 2017
Abstract: In this paper, a comparative assessment and ranking of the solar photovoltaic (PV) generation potential and unit cost of energy in ten Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Akwa Ibom State (AKS), Nigeria is presented. The meteorological data used in this study was obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (NASA SSE) website. Photovoltaic System (PVSyst.) simulation software, (Version 5.06) was used for the simulation and determination of the PV energy generation potential and unit cost of energy in each of the LGAs considered. The unit cost of energy in Naira/kWh and available energy per year (in kWh) are the two major parameters used to rank the LGAs from the top to bottom. A mathematical model relating the unit cost of energy and available energy in AKS is also developed. From the simulation results, Uyo LGA had the highest yearly energy output of 12422 kWh and lowest unit cost of energy of 104 Naira/kWh, while Uruan LGA had the lowest yearly energy output of 10591 kWh and highest unit cost of energy of 114 Naira/kWh. The results from this research are relevant for facilitating investment and adoption of photovoltaic power systems in AKS and to make realistic economic projections.
Abstract: In this paper, a comparative assessment and ranking of the solar photovoltaic (PV) generation potential and unit cost of energy in ten Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Akwa Ibom State (AKS), Nigeria is presented. The meteorological data used in this study was obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Surface meteorology and So...
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Outdoor Cultivation of the Biodiesel Promising Microalga Scenedesmus obliquus in Municipal Wastewater: A Case Study
Abd El-Fatah Abomohra,
Wenbiao Jin,
Renjie Tu,
Song-Fang Han
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
78-84
Received:
23 December 2016
Accepted:
4 January 2017
Published:
24 January 2017
Abstract: Despite the promising research findings on microalgae as a feedstock for biodiesel, reduction of its production cost is still a challenge. One possible solution to overcome this problem is outdoor biomass production using wastewater as a growth medium. The present study aimed to evaluate the climate key parameters for Scenedesmus obliquus outdoor biomass production during different seasons, as one of the promising microalgae for biodiesel production. S. obliquus was grown continuously in municipal wastewater using bubble column photobioreactors (PBR) made of plastic sleeves arranged vertically in a pilot area of 6m2 with a total working volume of ≈850 L. Biomass productivity showed positive correlation with light intensity and temperature (0.824 and 0.697, respectively). On the other hand, a negative correlation was recorded between biomass productivity and rainfall (-0.520). The average monthly biomass productivity increased from 13.6 to 20.9g dry weight (DW) m-2 d-1 by increasing of light intensity/temperature from 6.8 MJ m-2/14.4°C to 15.8 MJ m-2/29.6°C, respectively. At high rainfall of 14.5 mm d-1, the biomass productivity was reduced to 14.0 g DW m-2 d-1. The monthly biomass productivity ranged between 13.6 up to 20.9g DW m-2 d-1 with annual mean productivity of 17.8±2.8g DW m-2 d-1. Although the used system showed high efficiency for algae cultivation, high light fluctuation in Shenzhen climate requires continuous regulation of biomass concentration in PBR to enhance the biomass productivity.
Abstract: Despite the promising research findings on microalgae as a feedstock for biodiesel, reduction of its production cost is still a challenge. One possible solution to overcome this problem is outdoor biomass production using wastewater as a growth medium. The present study aimed to evaluate the climate key parameters for Scenedesmus obliquus outdoor b...
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Long-Term Peak Load Estimate and Forecast: A Case Study of Uyo Transmission Substation, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Clement Effiong,
Simeon Ozuomba,
Udeme John Edet
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
85-89
Received:
25 October 2016
Accepted:
10 December 2016
Published:
24 January 2017
Abstract: This paper presents an approach for long-term estimation and forecasting of electric peak load. A 10-year peak load forecast is performed on Uyo transmission substation in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The peak loads of the past ten years (from 2006 to 2010) are used as input data used to develop the model for forecasting the peak load demand in Uyo metropolis. Particularly, Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) method is used to model the annual peak load. The explanatory variables, namely, temperature, population and gross domestic product are used in the analysis. The peak load model parameters are estimated using only the data of the year 2006 to the year 2012, which accounts for 70% of the entire dataset for training and 30% (that is, 2013 to 2015) of the data are used for cross validation. The results show that with respect to the training dataset the prediction model has Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 0.00613%, Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) of 0.277743 and Coefficient of Determination (R2) value of 0.99184 which shows that about 99.184% of the peak load are explained by the explanatory variables used in the prediction. Furthermore, with respect to the validation dataset (2013 to 2015) the prediction model has RMSE of 1.038042 and percentage error of less that 2% which shows that the proposed peak-load-demand model can effectively predict the peak load demand for Uyo.
Abstract: This paper presents an approach for long-term estimation and forecasting of electric peak load. A 10-year peak load forecast is performed on Uyo transmission substation in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The peak loads of the past ten years (from 2006 to 2010) are used as input data used to develop the model for forecasting the peak load demand in Uyo me...
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Organizational and Economic Mechanism of End-Users Power Supply Reliability Ensuring
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
90-94
Received:
31 October 2016
Accepted:
14 December 2016
Published:
25 January 2017
Abstract: The analysis of providing reliability mechanisms of power supply operating in Russia leads to the conclusion that interruptions of end-users energy supply aren't taken into account. In the current situation the development of an address approach to end-users interests is on the front burner. We adhere to the decomposition of power supply reliability into the system and address ones. To ensure the latter we propose the free bilateral relations between the electric grid company and the end-users. Customers are expected to determine reliability level according to the estimation of an adequate indemnity in cases of an interruption or a power limitation. The author develops the mechanism and calculating options of the counterparties’ mutual obligations to provide the power supply reliability of end-users and mathematical model for technical indexes optimization of end-users power supply reliability.
Abstract: The analysis of providing reliability mechanisms of power supply operating in Russia leads to the conclusion that interruptions of end-users energy supply aren't taken into account. In the current situation the development of an address approach to end-users interests is on the front burner. We adhere to the decomposition of power supply reliabilit...
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Techno-Economic Analysis of Building Rooftop Photovoltaic Power System for Lecture Hall at Imo State University, Owerri
Sunday Peter Udoh,
Anthony Mfonobong Umoren,
Nseobong Ibanga Okpura
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
95-103
Received:
16 October 2016
Accepted:
22 December 2016
Published:
26 January 2017
Abstract: Numerous published literatures have given diverse ways of designing photovoltaic (PV) systems including the rooftop mounted PV systems. In this paper, ideas extracted from such studies are employed in a single building rooftop PV power system. Particularly, in this paper, PVSyst simulation software is used for the techno-economic analysis of Building Rooftop Photovoltaic (BRFPV) power system for the Lecture hall at the Faculty of Engineering of Imo State University, Owerri Nigeria was carried out. First, the dimensions of the selected roof were measured and the effective area of the roof for PV installation was determined. PVSyst software was used for the determination of the PV energy generation potential of the BRFPV system along with its other techno-economic performance parameters. The meteorological data used for the simulation was obtained from NASA website. According to the simulation results, the BRFPV system at the Faculty of Engineering of Imo State University had yearly energy output of 2804 KWh/year while the performance ratio was 86% and the unit cost of energy was 69.5 Naira per KWh. Essentially, the BRFPV can satisfy a yearly load demand of 2804 KWh or equivalent daily load demand of 7.69KWh. Finally, the nominal efficiency of the PV module was 5.59%as against the manufacturer’s quoted efficiency of 12.6% at standard test condition. Compared to the exiting literatures, this paper has presented a step by step approach for designing BRFPV using PVSyst software and empirically determined dimensions of the roof of the building. Equally, there are several mathematical and logical approaches that can be used to realize the same results obtained in this paper, however, this paper has presented one of such approaches. Particularly, the paper presented an approach that can be used to determine the effective or operating efficiency of the PV modules based on the energy yield and the PV area.
Abstract: Numerous published literatures have given diverse ways of designing photovoltaic (PV) systems including the rooftop mounted PV systems. In this paper, ideas extracted from such studies are employed in a single building rooftop PV power system. Particularly, in this paper, PVSyst simulation software is used for the techno-economic analysis of Buildi...
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