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Cost Accounting of Environmental Degradation by Pollution Loss Method
Li Yuhang,
Shi Jiayi,
Liu Zhuokai
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
35-38
Received:
22 September 2019
Accepted:
28 September 2019
Published:
12 October 2019
Abstract: The biosphere provides many natural processes to maintain a healthy and sustainable environment for human life, which is known as ecosystem services. Economic theory often disregards the impact of its decisions on the biosphere or assumes unlimited resources or capacity for its needs. However, whenever humans alter the ecosystem, we potentially limit or remove ecosystem services. While individually, these activities may seem inconsequential to the total ability of the biosphere’s functioning potential, cumulatively they are directly impacting the biodiversity and causing environmental degradation. Many scholars mostly adopt Costanza's method in the evaluation of ecosystem service function. However, the evaluation of ecosystem service function is static and not spatial, which is not intuitive enough. In this paper, the cost accounting of environmental degradation using the pollution loss method is summarized. Considering that the loss caused by pollution is often unmanageable and the cost of pollution control is often different from the loss caused by pollution, the pollution loss method is adopted in the selection of pollution accounting method instead of the traditional cost method. The InVEST model is introduced when calculating specific indicators. The model is very accurate to calculate the loss of environmental damage, has great significance for our future cost of protecting the environment but also saving environmental protection.
Abstract: The biosphere provides many natural processes to maintain a healthy and sustainable environment for human life, which is known as ecosystem services. Economic theory often disregards the impact of its decisions on the biosphere or assumes unlimited resources or capacity for its needs. However, whenever humans alter the ecosystem, we potentially lim...
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Determination of the Solar Cell Optimal Junction Recombination Velocity Using Hybrid Method
Nzonzolo,
Ibondji Mwaziby Nionsi,
Louis Okotaka Ebale,
Desire Lilonga-Boyenga
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
39-44
Received:
16 September 2019
Accepted:
5 October 2019
Published:
20 October 2019
Abstract: In this paper we present a technique for determining the optimum junction recombination velocity of a solar cell, using a combination of the electrical equivalent model, and the finite element method. Starting from the continuity equation that describes the solar cell operation solved in one dimension by the finite element method, the excess minority carrier’s density is determined. From this density, the photocurrent, the photovoltage and the power produced by the solar cell are determined. The photocurrent and the photovoltage are represented according to the junction recombination velocity, as well as the solar cell power versus the photovoltage, for various values of the series resistance. In considering its equivalent electrical model, the solar cell is modeled and simulated with Matlab/Simulink. In this simulation model, the capacitor initially discharged, charges under the effect of the solar cell. Its impedance varying according to time, represents the load resistance which corresponds to an operating point of the solar cell. During the capacitor charge process for various values of the series resistance, we obtain the current-voltage characteristic of the solar cell in order to highlight the series resistance effects on the solar cell power. From the optimal value of the power, and that of solar cell photovoltage obtained by simulating the solar cell using Matlab/Simulink, the value of the junction recombination velocity corresponding to the maximum value of the solar cell power is determined numerically, for various values of the series resistance.
Abstract: In this paper we present a technique for determining the optimum junction recombination velocity of a solar cell, using a combination of the electrical equivalent model, and the finite element method. Starting from the continuity equation that describes the solar cell operation solved in one dimension by the finite element method, the excess minori...
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Design of Combustible Gas Automatic Detection and Alarm System
Yunfei Zhang,
Zhengguang Liu,
Qiaoyu Liu
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
45-53
Received:
18 September 2019
Accepted:
9 October 2019
Published:
20 October 2019
Abstract: With the social development, gas has been widely applied to various aspects of social life. However, the combustible gas has brought us great convenience, but also there is a considerable risk. Based on this, we designed a kind of "prevention" as the characteristics of the combustible gas automatic detection and alarm systems. The system is the choice of technology is mature and low-cost entry-level 52 series microcontroller as the control center, the whole system is divided into classification sensor detection, alarm distinguishes between sound and light alarm, force control bodies of three parts. The system will detect concentrations of flammable gases, scientific classification, for different grades of police intelligence, the appropriate device driver to send a loud sound and light alarm signal. When you reach the highest level but no one to lift the danger, the system will automatically cut off the gas supply to open the ventilation exhaust and other devices to prevent the occurrence of major accidents, to achieve "prevention first, combining prevention and control" of the human and automatic alarm control system. The automatic alarm control system available in the field of gas alarm has been widely used, it has certain extensibility, compatibility, and stability.
Abstract: With the social development, gas has been widely applied to various aspects of social life. However, the combustible gas has brought us great convenience, but also there is a considerable risk. Based on this, we designed a kind of "prevention" as the characteristics of the combustible gas automatic detection and alarm systems. The system is the cho...
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