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The Use of Essential Oils as a Complementary Treatment for Anxiety
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
1-5
Received:
8 August 2014
Accepted:
20 August 2014
Published:
17 September 2014
Abstract: Mental disorders occur in people in all countries, societies and in all ethnic groups, regardless socio-economic order with more frequent anxiety disorders. Through the process of time many treatment have been applied in order to address this complex mental issue. People with anxiety disorders can benefit from a variety of treatments and services. Following an accurate diagnosis, possible treatments include psychological treatments and mediation. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) plays a significant role in health care systems. Patients with chronic pain conditions, including arthritis, chronic neck and backache, headache, digestive problems and mental health conditions (including insomnia, depression, and anxiety) were high users of CAM therapies. Aromatherapy is a holistic method of treatment, using essential oils. There are several essential oils that can help in reducing anxiety disorders and as a result the embodied events that they may cause.
Abstract: Mental disorders occur in people in all countries, societies and in all ethnic groups, regardless socio-economic order with more frequent anxiety disorders. Through the process of time many treatment have been applied in order to address this complex mental issue. People with anxiety disorders can benefit from a variety of treatments and services. ...
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Applying Margaret Newman’s Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness to Psychosocial Nursing Care of HIV Infected Patients in Kenya
Kamau Simon Macharia,
Rotich Rose Jelagat,
Mwembe David Juma
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
6-11
Received:
30 September 2014
Accepted:
14 October 2014
Published:
3 November 2014
Abstract: Margaret Newman’s Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness is considered a grand nursing theory, she described a process of becoming more of oneself, of finding greater meaning in life, and of reaching new dimensions of connectedness with other people and the world. Nurses in Kenya have mostly used the psychosocial-medical model to nurse HIV infected patients which fails to answer many of the nursing concerns and reduces their autonomy in carrying out nursing care. Newman’s theory proposed that: Health is not lack of illness, or a process to become healthy from being ill, but it instead the expansion of consciousness as a result of choices made within the context of patterns of behavior. Methodology: This mini review was an evolving emergent design. Slightly adapted ‘Advanced Theory in Nursing’ coursework materials were used. The greatest resource were referrals to links and hints as offered by those who got interested in the study. A best case scenario is appended. Conclusion: Newman’s Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness is therefore a generic tool applicable to guide psychosocial nursing care of clients infected with HIV. It would be a great resource with a potential to evidence based nursing care. It would provide a basis for several case studies. Nurses find more fulfilment in their work by utilizing a nursing theory.
Abstract: Margaret Newman’s Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness is considered a grand nursing theory, she described a process of becoming more of oneself, of finding greater meaning in life, and of reaching new dimensions of connectedness with other people and the world. Nurses in Kenya have mostly used the psychosocial-medical model to nurse HIV inf...
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Learning Difficulties: The Effect on Mental Health of Children
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
12-15
Received:
9 September 2014
Accepted:
4 November 2014
Published:
18 November 2014
Abstract: The following article is an approach to the subject of learning difficulties and its influence on the mental health of children. Through this article the characteristics of children with learning difficulties are highlighted and problems that are created in their mental health. It approximates the factors of perception, memory and language, to which children experience most such issues. It highlights the problems that arise in the mental health of children and their impact on the social environment. Finally, findings are presented and recommendations are given for addressing this phenomenon, like the reliable diagnosis and psychological support of each individual.
Abstract: The following article is an approach to the subject of learning difficulties and its influence on the mental health of children. Through this article the characteristics of children with learning difficulties are highlighted and problems that are created in their mental health. It approximates the factors of perception, memory and language, to whic...
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The Use of Exercise in Mental Health Care
Ziogou Theologia,
Fradelos Evangelos,
Kourkouta Lambrini
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
16-21
Received:
13 November 2014
Accepted:
18 November 2014
Published:
29 November 2014
Abstract: Aim of the present research was planned to examine: a) the perceptions of professionals of mental health with regard to the use of physical activity when working with patients with psychiatric disorders and b) to study professionals’ decisive factors for the promotion of physical activity in the working context. Material and Method: The sample of the research constituted of 173 professionals of mental health (men N = 52, women N = 121) from the state Psychiatric Hospital and other Mental health services in the area of The ssaloniki. Results: The Correlation Analysis showed that the intention is connected positively with the positive effect of physical activity (r = .49), the role of personal physical exercise ( r = .46), the relation between physical and mental health ( r = .33), weaker correlations were found with the negative effect of physical exercise ( r = .28) and with the convictions of control ( r = -.26).Regression Analysis showed that the professionals attitudes towards physical activity, as well as the role of personal physical exercise, constitute important predicting factors for their intention the promotion of physical activity (34%).On the other hand, the promotion in their working place, was very small, since 76% of them could not promote any physical activity at all. Conclusions: The promotion of physical activity from the mental health professionals depends so much on their personal positive opinions for the physical activity, but also from their personal evaluation of behavior and the availability of resources.
Abstract: Aim of the present research was planned to examine: a) the perceptions of professionals of mental health with regard to the use of physical activity when working with patients with psychiatric disorders and b) to study professionals’ decisive factors for the promotion of physical activity in the working context. Material and Method: The sample of t...
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Hospitalization in the Psychiatric Hospital of Corfu in 19th Century
Kourkouta Lambrini,
Vakalopoulou Basiliki,
Anca Mihalache,
Plati Panagiota,
Ziogou Theologia
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
22-26
Received:
21 November 2014
Accepted:
24 November 2014
Published:
27 December 2014
Abstract: The State Psychiatric Hospital of Corfu .Until the time of the founding of the Psychiatric Hospital of Corfu, generally in Greece, the mentally ill patients was closed in prison with thieves and thugs. The first move in the collection of psychopaths began on 10th March 1836 at the initiative of the British Governor Sir. Edward Douglas. As a result, on 18th November 1836 the President of the City Council submitted a draft certified to the Council for installation of Lunatics Foundation inside the Fortress of Saint Rocco (space occupied until today by the psychiatric hospital). On2th July 1838 in the Official Gazette of the Ionian State was published the Statutes Ordinance and the Regulation for the establishment of the Bedlam of Corfu. The inauguration took place on 4 July 1838 when the first eight psychopaths were hospitalized. The majority of them was chronic, destitute and had severe mental illnesses.
Abstract: The State Psychiatric Hospital of Corfu .Until the time of the founding of the Psychiatric Hospital of Corfu, generally in Greece, the mentally ill patients was closed in prison with thieves and thugs. The first move in the collection of psychopaths began on 10th March 1836 at the initiative of the British Governor Sir. Edward Douglas. As a result,...
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Effects of Unemployment in Mental Health of Young People
Ouzounakis Petros,
Monios Alexandros,
Vakalopoulou Marina,
Dimitriadou Alexandra
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
27-30
Received:
23 November 2014
Accepted:
5 December 2014
Published:
27 December 2014
Abstract: Introduction: Unemployment as a problem exceeds the individual level and is the result of structural mismatches of each society. Purpose: In the present retrospective study are investigated the effects of the unemployment, especially among young people, and the prevention thereof. Material and methods: The sample consisted of recent articles on the topic, found mainly in the electronic database Medline, the Greek Academic Libraries Link (HEAL-Link) and through search engine "Google scholar". Results: The effects of the unemployment are proving disastrous for the psychology of young people, and decreases their self-esteem, they feel losing part of their social role, their relationships are made dysfunctional and eventually losing their quality of life. Conclusions: It is necessary the support for the unemployed youth of a team of experts, so that young people be enable to reevaluate their self-image and promote their quality of life.
Abstract: Introduction: Unemployment as a problem exceeds the individual level and is the result of structural mismatches of each society. Purpose: In the present retrospective study are investigated the effects of the unemployment, especially among young people, and the prevention thereof. Material and methods: The sample consisted of recent articles on the...
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The Value and Contribution of Foster Families in the Deinstitutionalization of the Mentally Ill
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
31-36
Received:
30 November 2014
Accepted:
2 December 2014
Published:
27 December 2014
Abstract: Introduction: The family is the first place where the values, principles and standards are instilled and absorbed. It is the main natural support system for the member who suffers from a serious mental disorder and it can play an important role in the progress and development of mental illness. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study the institution of the foster families in Greece, since it is considered innovative for the institutionalization of the mentally ill within the psychiatric reform. Material and method: Literature search from electronic databases Scopus, Ebsco, Pubmed, Wiley, was performed and 31 articles by Greek and foreign literature were isolated and studied. Information from EKEPSYE was sought as well as the testimony of responsible programs in Greece. A study was made on Programs of foster families, as well as analysis and an analysis of experience thus giving useful practices of Greece as well as abroad. Results: The placement and the staying of chronic patients under the care of foster families, provided that they continued their treatment, can help prevent relapses, as well as hospitalization. It can also improve the quality of life of the patient, reduce the cost of services. Thus enhancing the functioning of the patient as to become able in future to lead a more independent lifestyle. Conclusions: The institution of psychiatric reform and the principles are the basis for the development and implementation of foster families, with a view to the de-institutionalization of the mentally ill and a healthy transition into the community.
Abstract: Introduction: The family is the first place where the values, principles and standards are instilled and absorbed. It is the main natural support system for the member who suffers from a serious mental disorder and it can play an important role in the progress and development of mental illness. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study the ins...
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Children with Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome at School
Spyridoula Laschou,
Maria Dermanopoulou,
Alexandra Marmangelou,
Maria Papaspyrou
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
37-44
Received:
29 November 2014
Accepted:
4 December 2014
Published:
30 December 2014
Abstract: Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a neuro-developmental disorder characterized by the presence of multiple kinetic and vocal tics. Tics are sudden, rapid, repetitive, pointless, arrhythmic, stereotyped kinetic or vocal muscle twitches. It usually occurs before puberty and it is more often in boys than in girls, at a rate 4-6 / 1000. Although it doesn’t affect the physical health of the patient, it creates several social problems. Most of the children who deal with Tourette syndrome have normal intelligence and brain anatomy. Purpose: this study is the early identification of children who are suffering with Tourette syndrome as a result of their clinical assessment and information of children and their families in an effort to understand the nature of this syndrome.Method:an extensive search for articles and publications in Greek and international literature was performed. Furthermore, search performed also in the electronic databases "pubmed" and "cinahl". Results: Depending on the severity of convulsive movements and if learning difficulties are present or not, the suffering student may face serious problems in school that may affect his performance. A coordinated effort by health professionals, parents and teachers who are addressing them can prevent the devastating consequences of the syndrome in childhood and later in adult life.It is helpful for the teacher to be aware of the syndrome and to encourage children that are suffering by the syndrome, to courses and protect them from being teased by their classmates. Conclusions: Parents should inform teachers about the syndrome and teachers in turn should encourage the child in his courses and protect it so in an effort to avoid isolation or aggression. Those children are usually able to attend an ordinary school unless there is a coexistence of learning disabilities or Attention-Deficit Disorder then special handling by the teacher is needed as well as tolerance, patience, and the assessment of the student should be under indulgence always in collaboration with parents and a child psychiatrist .
Abstract: Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a neuro-developmental disorder characterized by the presence of multiple kinetic and vocal tics. Tics are sudden, rapid, repetitive, pointless, arrhythmic, stereotyped kinetic or vocal muscle twitches. It usually occurs before puberty and it is more often in boys than in girls, at a rate 4-6 / 1000. Although it doe...
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Stress: Concepts, Theoretical Models and Nursing Interventions
Ioanna V. Papathanasiou,
Konstantinos Tsaras,
Anna Neroliatsiou,
Aikaterini Roupa
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
45-50
Received:
21 December 2014
Accepted:
23 December 2014
Published:
31 December 2014
Abstract: Stress is a fact of everyday life and it can be defined either as a reaction or as a stimulus. Over the years and with the progress of science many factors have been identified as sources of stress, such as Biological, Chemicals, Microbial, Psychological, Developmental, Socio-cultural and Environmental. Propose of this study is to present the basic concepts and the main theoretical models of stress, its effects on the individual, the coping strategies and the nursing methods of addressing it. The main theoretical approaches for stress are interpreting it differently, either as a stimulus, as a response or as a transaction. Nurses, after the recognition of patients’ needs and reactions, should choose those interventions that will be the most effective for each particular patient. Most important interventions for alleviating stress are: anxiety reduction, anger management, relaxation and sleep, proper diet, physical exercise, relaxation techniques and effective time management.
Abstract: Stress is a fact of everyday life and it can be defined either as a reaction or as a stimulus. Over the years and with the progress of science many factors have been identified as sources of stress, such as Biological, Chemicals, Microbial, Psychological, Developmental, Socio-cultural and Environmental. Propose of this study is to present the basic...
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Psychosocial Rehabilitation: The Community Re-Entry Program (CREP) in Psychiatric Inpatient Settings, Systematic Review
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
51-59
Received:
29 December 2014
Accepted:
7 January 2015
Published:
22 January 2015
Abstract: Aim: This review is an update on the research evidence supporting psychosocial rehabilitation – the Community Re-Entry Program (CREP) in psychiatric inpatient settings. Method: This review is guided by the following questions: Is the Community Re-Entry Program (CREP) effective in psychiatric inpatient settings? What are the main results and benefits of using this program in this patient population? Search strategy on Databases= MEDLINE and CINAHL (EBSCO), Cochrane Library, and SciELO, with no restriction on publication date and with the following keywords: Community Re-Entry Program OR CREP AND inpatients, in full text, in consecutive studies conducted between February, 2013, and October, 2014, in order to find all studies published that had used this program. Results: Results show that Patients with Experience of Mental Illness (PEMI) in the community re-entry program significantly improved their knowledge and performance of the skills taught in the sessions, compared to other patients. Community re-entry participants were also significantly more likely to attend their first aftercare appointment than other participants. Conclusions: The findings of the study clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the CREP for clinical practice in psychiatric inpatient settings. From the patients’ perspective, quality of life is enhanced. By learning skills to achieve their own personal relevant goals in life, individuals with serious mental disorders are empowered to function more autonomously from mental health professionals. Our general conclusion is that the Community Re-Entry Program for psychiatric inpatients is effective in teaching them about their illness and symptoms as well as improving their ability to make and keep appointments. Further studies should address the dissemination of the CREP in European countries, including a Portuguese Nursing version, as a way to increase the likelihood that the individual will be successful with skills training within the treatment and care areas of psychiatric and mental health nurses.
Abstract: Aim: This review is an update on the research evidence supporting psychosocial rehabilitation – the Community Re-Entry Program (CREP) in psychiatric inpatient settings. Method: This review is guided by the following questions: Is the Community Re-Entry Program (CREP) effective in psychiatric inpatient settings? What are the main results and benefit...
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Family Support, Social and Demographic Correlations of Non-Adherence among Haemodialysis Patients
Alikari Victoria,
Fradelos Evangelos,
Zyga Sofia
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
60-65
Received:
21 December 2014
Accepted:
23 December 2014
Published:
23 January 2015
Abstract: Non-adherence to treatment is an increasing problem for patients with end stage renal disease under haemodialysis.Aim: This study aimed to review the basic literature mentioned to the correlation between haemodialysis patient demographic characteristics and non-adherence to their treatment regimen.Method: Studies written in English published in 2002-2013 were identified through PubMed, PubMed Central, Dove press, Scopus. Clinical trials and review articles were excluded. Key- words used for search included a combination of adherence / non-adherence and haemodialysis in titles. Results: According to the literature, patient demographic characteristics are important factors for patient adherence to treatment regimen. Generally, factors associated with increased level of non-adherence to haemodialysis treatment regimen included young age, sex, race and educational level. Conclusions: Early identification of risk factors, inclusion of patients in the health care team and participation in clinical decision making, can lead to behavior adherence.
Abstract: Non-adherence to treatment is an increasing problem for patients with end stage renal disease under haemodialysis.Aim: This study aimed to review the basic literature mentioned to the correlation between haemodialysis patient demographic characteristics and non-adherence to their treatment regimen.Method: Studies written in English published in 200...
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Assessment of Quality of Life and Fatigue among Haemodialysis Patients
Tsiamis Georgios,
Alikari Victoria,
Fradelos Evangelos,
Papapetrou Savvas,
Zyga Sofia
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
66-73
Received:
29 December 2014
Accepted:
31 December 2014
Published:
27 January 2015
Abstract: Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms of haemodialysis patients and is associated with poor quality of life. Purpose: To investigate the levels of fatigue and its correlation with quality of life of haemodialysis patients. Results: Of the 134 haemodialysis patients, the majority of patients (52,9%) seemed to have low rates of fatigue (10
Abstract: Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms of haemodialysis patients and is associated with poor quality of life. Purpose: To investigate the levels of fatigue and its correlation with quality of life of haemodialysis patients. Results: Of the 134 haemodialysis patients, the majority of patients (52,9%) seemed to have low rates of fatigue (10 ...
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Measuring Death Attitude and Burnout of Greek Nursing Personnel
Malliarou Maria,
Zyga Sofia,
Fradelos Evangelos,
Sarafis Paulos
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
74-77
Received:
12 January 2015
Accepted:
16 January 2015
Published:
8 February 2015
Abstract: Occupational burnout is defined as a physical and mental exhaustion syndrome and is the result of chronic stress. Nurses are exposed to the physical and emotional effects of the experience of caring for a dying patient. Aim of this study was to investigate nurses’ burnout caring patients at their end of their life. Material and Method: The sample of the research constituted of 110 nursing professionals who are caring patients facing death. Data were obtained using Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R) and Maslach’s burnout inventory (MBI). Results: The factors that appeared to shape the nurses attitudes towards death were age, marital status, education level, position in the workplace, department at work and professional experience. Conclusions: Fear of death and death avoidance were found to correlate statistically significant with the subscale depersonalization and with emotional exhaustion.
Abstract: Occupational burnout is defined as a physical and mental exhaustion syndrome and is the result of chronic stress. Nurses are exposed to the physical and emotional effects of the experience of caring for a dying patient. Aim of this study was to investigate nurses’ burnout caring patients at their end of their life. Material and Method: The sample o...
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Psychosocial Rehabilitation of Disability
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
78-83
Received:
18 January 2015
Accepted:
20 January 2015
Published:
8 February 2015
Abstract: Introduction: Disability may be a consequence of deformations or developmental failures or the result of functional damages or traumatic effects of the posture or motion systems. There are also "social factors" that contribute to its definition, as the everyday life of the disabled is getting worst due mainly to the existing situation. The integration of these persons into the society should be a major objective of the health care sector. Αim: This retrospective study examines the contribution of psychosocial support for people with disabilities in the restoration and promotion of their health. It strives to contribute to their socialization and their acceptance by the community in which they live and work. Material and Method: An extensive review of the recent Greek and International literature was conducted in electronic databases (Pubmed, Google scholar, Scopus) and in scientific journals. Results: The concept of "autonomous living" is a key element for the achievement of the full participation of people with disabilities in real life. The concept of adaptation, which emphasizes the elimination of indirect barriers that appear in activities of everyday life and the principle of equality which is based on the dynamic of equal opportunities, are also vital components of the psychosocial rehabilitation of the disabled. Equalization involves the procedure and the steps needed for the equalization of opportunities for individuals and groups, for the employment and social protection. The equal inclusion and participation of persons with disabilities in cultural activities as well as relief and support services should be available to families who have a disabled person. The consideration of the issues concerning people with disabilities should not be separate from the policy planning mechanism, but as an integral part of it. Equal opportunities are not a formulation which can be applied everywhere in the same way. They are a series of principles that each country might apply its own way and within its own policy. Conclusions: The recognition that the environment itself can contribute to or enhance the nature or the intensity of the effects of a disability, is a challenge for today’s society that has the responsibility to reduce and where possible to remedy the consequences of the disability.
Abstract: Introduction: Disability may be a consequence of deformations or developmental failures or the result of functional damages or traumatic effects of the posture or motion systems. There are also "social factors" that contribute to its definition, as the everyday life of the disabled is getting worst due mainly to the existing situation. The integrat...
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The Role of Nurses in the Systemic Therapy of Mental Diseases
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
84-87
Received:
26 January 2015
Accepted:
26 January 2015
Published:
10 February 2015
Abstract: Introduction: Systemic therapy is an approach to helping people with psychological difficulties which is radically different from other therapies. It does not see its work as being to cure mental illnesses that reside within individuals, but to help people to mobilize the strengths of their relationships so as to make disturbing symptoms less problematic. Aim: The objective of this retrospective study is to highlight the role of nurses in the safe and successful application of systemic therapy and in the formation of the therapeutic relationship. Material and methods: The sample consisted of recent articles (2000-2014) on the topic, found mainly in the electronic database Medline, the Greek Academic Libraries Link (HEAL-Link) and through search engine "Google scholar". Results: The use of systemic thinking presupposes acknowledgement of the fact that living creatures directly depend on their external environment. A nurse also plays a part in the creation of the reality seen. A nurse does not discover the truth, but the things he/she sees constitute products of his/her own observations about family. Conclusions: Systemic therapy is a form of psychotherapy. It addresses behavior and psychological symptoms within the context of people’s day to day lives and interpersonal relations and interactions. The key guiding principle in systemic therapy is the focus on the system rather than the individual.
Abstract: Introduction: Systemic therapy is an approach to helping people with psychological difficulties which is radically different from other therapies. It does not see its work as being to cure mental illnesses that reside within individuals, but to help people to mobilize the strengths of their relationships so as to make disturbing symptoms less probl...
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Depression and Quality of Life in Patients with Diabetes
Papadopoulou L.,
Papoulia F.
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
88-91
Received:
13 December 2014
Accepted:
30 December 2014
Published:
10 February 2015
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome of disorders where the patient follows a personalized insulin therapy and adjusts his diet and way of life. The purpose of this study is to describe the correlation of depression and anxiety experienced by patients with diabetes compared with their quality of life. Diabetic patient must make significant changes in daily life and lifestyle and has a greater need for social and psychological support, due to permanent complications and negative emotions experienced.
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome of disorders where the patient follows a personalized insulin therapy and adjusts his diet and way of life. The purpose of this study is to describe the correlation of depression and anxiety experienced by patients with diabetes compared with their quality of life. Diabetic patient must make significant changes in da...
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Depression in Children and Teenagers
Iliadis Ch.,
Papadopoulou L.,
Papoulia F.
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
92-95
Received:
13 December 2014
Accepted:
30 December 2014
Published:
5 March 2015
Abstract: Depression is a psychiatric disease with dominant symptom, disorder of emotion and can affect people of all ages, including children and adolescents. The main feature of depression is the persistent and enduring sadness, the irritability and the absence of interest or satisfaction of any activity. Children and adolescents with depression are usually sad, and generally experiencing similarly the disease with older people. The untreated depression may result in a school failure, alcohol and substance abuse, and suicide. A decisive role for the management of depression in children and adolescents plays both family and school with the help and support of teachers.T he mental health of humans, particularly children, threatened by the disease of our century which is none other than depression, for this reason it is necessary for its cure the family cooperation with the school.
Abstract: Depression is a psychiatric disease with dominant symptom, disorder of emotion and can affect people of all ages, including children and adolescents. The main feature of depression is the persistent and enduring sadness, the irritability and the absence of interest or satisfaction of any activity. Children and adolescents with depression are usuall...
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Smoking is Associated with Osteoporosis Development in Primary Care Population
Kleisiaris F. Christos,
Plaiti E. Maria,
Papathanasiou V. Ioanna,
Papaioannou Polina,
Kastrinakis Ioannis,
Diakantoni Sofia,
Fradelos Evangelos,
Kourkouta Lamprini
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
96-101
Received:
14 January 2015
Accepted:
26 January 2015
Published:
5 March 2015
Abstract: Introduction: Osteoporosis is a disease of bones and it has been associated with various risk factors such as female gender, advanced age and smoking habit. However, evidence has shown that the true figures between osteoporosis and smoking are conflicted. Aim: This study was aimed to screen individuals for potential risk factors related to osteoporosis and to assess whether smoking habit is associated with osteoporosis development in Primary care population aged 45 years and over. Materials and Methods: A screening program for osteoporosis was conducted in two Primary care settings in the island of Crete – Greece, during a 3-month period (April to June 2013). We studied 400 participants aged 45 years old and over for risk-factors associated with osteoporosis development using the ONE Minute Osteoporosis Risk Test. Participants were screened for to 19 risk-factors related to osteoporosis such as fracture, diagnosis of Thyroid, Alcohol Consumption and smoking responding to Yes or No. Statistically, chi square and/or Variance analysis were used for the descriptive characteristics of the study participants and the significance of association among demographic characteristics. The method of variance analysis was applied to determine associations between risk factors and demographic characteristics. Bivariate associations were described using Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). P-values≤0.05 was considered significant using the SPSS version 21.0. Results: The mean age of participants (50% males) was 61.94 ± 11.6. Males were smoked significantly more often (75.5% vs. 43%, p<0.001) than females and, current smokers both females (OR=1.12; 95%CI: 0.25-1.99, p=0.012) and, males (OR=0.85; 95%CI: 0.10-1.59, p=0.027) were significantly more likely to report an increased number of risk-factors for osteoporosis compared to never smokers. We also found that obese participants were less likely to report an increased number of risk-factors (OR=-1.87; 95%CI: -3.54, -0.20, p=0.029) compared to reference category suggesting that obesity was a protective factor for osteoporosis, but this association was significant only for males. Conclusion: Although a number of risk-factors did not differ among non-smokers, former and current smokers, current smokers had a greater likelihood of reporting a number of risk-factors related to osteoporosis, suggesting that smoking is an important risk factor for osteoporosis development.
Abstract: Introduction: Osteoporosis is a disease of bones and it has been associated with various risk factors such as female gender, advanced age and smoking habit. However, evidence has shown that the true figures between osteoporosis and smoking are conflicted. Aim: This study was aimed to screen individuals for potential risk factors related to osteopor...
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