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Therapy and Health System-Related Factors Influencing Adherence to ART Treatment among HIV/AIDS Patients in Embu Teaching and Referral Hospital Comprehensive Care Clinic
Evangeline Kananu Njue Mugoh,
Ephantus Kabiru,
Joyce Mwaniki
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2016
Pages:
169-174
Received:
26 July 2016
Accepted:
4 August 2016
Published:
21 August 2016
Abstract: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is a major predictor of the survival of individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Appropriate use of antiretroviral (ARV’s) has improved the health of many human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive individuals. The effectiveness of HIV treatment depends on sustenance of high levels of adherence to ARV; however, ARV regimens are often complicated and can be affected by varying dosing schedules, failing to have proper dietary requirements and patients developing adverse effects. The objective of this study was to determine therapy and health system related factors influencing adherence to Anti-retroviral drugs among adult HIV/ AIDS patients in Embu County Teaching and Referral Hospital Comprehensive Care Clinic. The study applied cross sectional descriptive design with stratified random sampling used to obtain relative proportion of male and female adult respondents in the sample population. 332 HIV positive patients were chosen from a total of 1694 patients who were active in ART for more than one year. A semi-structured interview schedules was used to obtain patients view on various dimension or ART services at the facility. ART adherence was at 48.2%. There was significant association between adherence to ART treatment and the type of drug a respondent was in with AZT, ddl, NFV having the highest proportion of sub-optimal adherence to treatment while respondents on D4T, 3TC, NVP had the lowest proportion of sub-optimal adherence to treatment. Convenience of the facilities for people with chronic ailments and waiting time at the facilities were reported to be good (73.0%) and excellent (75.3%) respectively.
Abstract: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is a major predictor of the survival of individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Appropriate use of antiretroviral (ARV’s) has improved the health of many human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive individuals. The effectiveness of HIV treatment depends on sustenance of high levels of adherence to ARV; however, ARV reg...
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Cervical Cancer and Screening Test (PAP Test): Knowledge and Beliefs of Egyptian Women
Sahar M. Yakout,
Salma Moawed,
Essmat M. Gemeay
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2016
Pages:
175-184
Received:
30 July 2016
Accepted:
10 August 2016
Published:
5 September 2016
Abstract: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, and the seventh overall, with an estimated 528,000 new cases in 2012. In Egypt the incidence of cervical cancer is 866 per year where mortality rate is 373 per year. The current study aims to determine women’s beliefs and knowledge towards cervical cancer and Pap smear. The study was conducted at the outpatient obstetrics clinics of two hospitals namely El- Mainshawy health insurance Hospital, and El – Aiada El- Shamela at Tanta governorate. The study subjects comprised 1000 women attending the above mentioned settings two tools were used: An interview assessment sheet and the Health Believe Model (HBM). Results of the current study illustrated that Out of the 1,000 women interviewed, (68.0%) could know the definition of cervical cancer and related to a virus as its causative agent. About 95% of the women did not have an idea of the risk factors for cervical cancer, the knowledge about Pap test is quite poor, only 13.3% identify Pap smear test while 86.7% had no idea at all. In terms of the perceived benefits of Pap test, about 50.3% of the participants believed that Pap tests are the best way to detect cervical cancer, 42.9% believed that cervical cancer can be cured easily if detected early, and 62% disagree that a Pap test is important for save their health. The present study concluded that inefficient utilization of cervical cancer and its screening test would be affected by poor knowledge and negative beliefs related to cervical cancer screening in women. It was recommended that development of effective intervention programs strategies for Egyptian women and identify those women who are most at risk for cervical cancer and would benefit from intervention programs to increase cervical cancer screening rates.
Abstract: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, and the seventh overall, with an estimated 528,000 new cases in 2012. In Egypt the incidence of cervical cancer is 866 per year where mortality rate is 373 per year. The current study aims to determine women’s beliefs and knowledge towards cervical cancer and Pap smear. The study was conduc...
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Preoperative Patient Assessment Practices: A Survey of Kenyan Perioperative Nurses
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2016
Pages:
185-190
Received:
1 September 2016
Accepted:
9 September 2016
Published:
28 September 2016
Abstract: Background: Patients undergoing surgery are at risk of developing complications related to surgery and anesthesia amidst heightened anxiety. The key roles played by perioperative nurses in surgery, mandate them to conduct preoperative patient assessment to identify and mitigate potential complications and to plan and deliver quality perioperative care. However, paucity of literature evidencing the practice is very low. Objective of this survey was to evaluate the assessment practices among Kenyan perioperative nurses. Design: A countrywide cross section descriptive survey. Results: Seventy two Kenyan perioperative nurses among conference attendees consented and participated in the survey. Allthe participants were registered nurses out of who only 13(18.1%) had trained in perioperative nursing specialty at diploma level. Out of the 13 trained, only 3(4.2%) had Bachelor of Science degree in nursing. Although preoperative patient assessment was reported to be practiced 58 (80.5%) it was apparent that the practice varied with individuals and institutions. Regarding the details of the assessment, general condition of patients, physical, physiological and psychological aspects come out strongly but not the emotional, spiritual and cultural aspects of the patients. Verbal and written reports were reported to be the main modalities of disseminating assessment feed backs to other nurses especially during shift handing over reports. Although preoperative assessment was undoubtedly reported to be beneficial in improving patients’ care 42(58.3%) however, only 2 (2.8%) indicated its use in planning patients’ care. Conclusion: In spite the findings, some glaring gaps likely to impact on quality of nursing care do exist in the preoperative assessment practices by perioperative nurses in Kenya.
Abstract: Background: Patients undergoing surgery are at risk of developing complications related to surgery and anesthesia amidst heightened anxiety. The key roles played by perioperative nurses in surgery, mandate them to conduct preoperative patient assessment to identify and mitigate potential complications and to plan and deliver quality perioperative c...
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Exercise Training Program and Telenursing Effects on Depression and Fatigue Level in B- Thalathemia Major Children
Fawzia El Sayed Ali Abusaad,
Mohamed Mahmoud Sarhan
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2016
Pages:
191-200
Received:
28 August 2016
Accepted:
5 September 2016
Published:
11 October 2016
Abstract: Background: B-Thalassemia major considered as a serious life-threatening disease for pediatric population that causes substantial disruption in all aspects of child life. With advanced, effective management and even cure of thalassemia become possible, attention is drawn to the evaluation of depression and fatigue that accompany suffering children. Aims: investigate the effects of exercise training program combined with 3 months nurse –telephone follow up calls on depression and fatigue level in children with B-thalassemia major. Design and Method: A quasi experimental study was conducted on 60 thalassemic children who selected randomly after fulfilling the criteria of selection at hematology outpatient clinic of mansoura university children's hospital using three tools of data collection; structured interview questionnaire, depression inventory and fatigue scale. Exercise training either aerobic and anaerobic types was specific for the study subjects and they were followed by telephone follow up calls for three months by the researchers. Results: All thalassemic children suffer from depression with different categories and 95% of them suffer from fatigue before intervention. With telenursing follow up calls the total score of depression and fatigue were decreased after one month of exercise performance than before and continuously decreased after three months of exercise performance. Conclusion: The exercise training program combined by follow up calls was effective in decreasing depression and fatigue among thalassemic children after one and three months of intervention. Recommendation: It is suggested for performing and training the regular exercises as a routine care for those pediatric population.
Abstract: Background: B-Thalassemia major considered as a serious life-threatening disease for pediatric population that causes substantial disruption in all aspects of child life. With advanced, effective management and even cure of thalassemia become possible, attention is drawn to the evaluation of depression and fatigue that accompany suffering children....
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Evaluation of the Utilization of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection Bundle Among Critical Care Nurses - Kenyatta National Hospital
Assanga P. A.,
Omondi A. L.,
Inyama H. K.
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2016
Pages:
201-212
Received:
2 September 2016
Accepted:
18 September 2016
Published:
19 October 2016
Abstract: Majority if not all patients admitted to the Critical Care Units (CCUs) have indwelling urinary catheters predisposing them to Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI). CAUTI bundle was introduced to reduce the infections whose prevalence had been high. Utilization of this bundle is considered standard gold and should be utilized completely by nurses while providing care to the patients. The aim of this study was to determine the utilization of the CAUTI bundle among critical care nurses at Kenyatta National Hospital’s (KNH’s). The study applied a cross-sectional descriptive design with cluster sampling and simple random sampling for each cluster. Ninety five critical care nurses were selected from a total of 136 nurses using Cochran’s formulae. A structured questionnaire and an observation checklist were used to collect data which was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the data and inferential statistics (Chi-square test, odds ratio and Pearsons’ correlation) was used to establish relationships between variables. Nurses working at KNH’s CCUs utilized and adhered (49.5%; P >0.005) to the bundle. There was a weak correlation between the observed and reported bundle utilization [r = 0.043; 95% CI 0.16 – 0.24; P = 0.678].
Abstract: Majority if not all patients admitted to the Critical Care Units (CCUs) have indwelling urinary catheters predisposing them to Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI). CAUTI bundle was introduced to reduce the infections whose prevalence had been high. Utilization of this bundle is considered standard gold and should be utilized comple...
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Determinants of Hypertension Complications Among Adult Hypertensive Patients in Medical Wards at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi
Isiaho Lillian Amugitsi,
Ayieko A. O.,
Omuga B. O.
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2016
Pages:
213-221
Received:
17 September 2016
Accepted:
27 September 2016
Published:
26 October 2016
Abstract: Hypertension is a silent killer disease owing to the late recognition of symptoms. Uncontrolled hypertension is the primary risk factor for stroke, heart failure and kidney failure in sub Saharan Africa. Control of hypertension is associated with a larger reduction in morbidity and mortality. Efforts to address the complications associated with hypertension are still a global concern. In sub Saharan Africa the epidemiological transition of non communicable diseases poses a great threat to most of the population. The main aim of this study was to identify the determinants of hypertension complications among hypertensive patients in Kenyatta National Hospital. A cross sectional descriptive design among eighty hypertensive patients in medical wards in Kenyatta National Hospital was conducted. Data was collected using structured questionnaires, key informants interviews and focused group discussions. 34 (42.5%) participants were already suffering hypertension complications at the time of the study. The mean age of participants was 49.7 years (SD 15.1). There was a significant association between current systolic blood pressure (p = 0.033), adding salt to food (p = 0.01), level of education (p=0.001) and hypertension complication. Finances and lack of adequate knowledge were main factors cited to be contributing to development of hypertension complications among in the key informants interviews and Focused Group Discussion.
Abstract: Hypertension is a silent killer disease owing to the late recognition of symptoms. Uncontrolled hypertension is the primary risk factor for stroke, heart failure and kidney failure in sub Saharan Africa. Control of hypertension is associated with a larger reduction in morbidity and mortality. Efforts to address the complications associated with hyp...
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Effect of Early Nursing Preparation on Anxiety Among Patients Undergoing Cardiac Catheterization
Samira E. Aboalizm,
Nahid F. El Gahsh,
Samah E. Masry
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2016
Pages:
222-231
Received:
1 October 2016
Accepted:
12 October 2016
Published:
31 October 2016
Abstract: When patients are hospitalized for diagnostic methods, including cardiac catheterization, the anxiety increases. Therefore, treating these reactions can speed up recovery and decrease of anxiety that causes cardiac complication. Study evaluates the effect of early nursing preparation on anxiety among patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. A quasi experimental research design was utilized. The study was conducted at the Cardiac Catheterization Unit of Menoufia University Hospital, Menoufia Governorate, Shebien El-Kom, Egypt. Subjects: A purposive sample of 100 adult patients of both sexes who were admitted to the cardiac catheterization unit. Tools: two tools were utilized. Tool I: cardiac catheterization patients needs assessment: structured interviewing scheduled questionnaire, consisted of the following: Part 1: Sociodemographic and clinical data. Part II: Cardiac Catheterization Knowledge Assessment Sheet. Tool II: Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A). Results: the study group had better knowledge than control group, there were statistical significant differences were existed between study and control group regarding the anxiety level at day and post procedure at P values = 0.0001. There were highly statistically significant difference and correlation existed between anxiety and age, gender and level of education at p value= 0.0001. There was a significant correlation between knowledge and anxiety scores at P value= 0.004. Conclusion: it can be concluded that, the early preparation and gave patients’ information before cardiac catheterization improve patients’ knowledge and reduced anxiety.
Abstract: When patients are hospitalized for diagnostic methods, including cardiac catheterization, the anxiety increases. Therefore, treating these reactions can speed up recovery and decrease of anxiety that causes cardiac complication. Study evaluates the effect of early nursing preparation on anxiety among patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. A q...
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