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Preservation Through Fermentation, a Natural and Sustainable Process – Opportunities, Risks and Regulation: Opinion from LABIP Expert Workshop
Svend Laulund,
Aat Ledeboer,
Esben Laulund
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
159-162
Received:
28 July 2022
Accepted:
19 August 2022
Published:
21 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20220704.11
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Abstract: The Farm to Fork Initiative by the European Union (EU) has set ambitious goals with the overall objective to ensure that all foods on the EU market are sustainable. By applying fermentation technology in the production of food, the European food industry is given excellent opportunities to fulfill these goals. Food products that are produced using fermentation are also generally regarded by consumers as safe, natural, sustainable, and environmentally friendly. But the European Commission (EC) and some member states are discussing whether preservation by fermentation, with only a small sensory effect, should be regulated like chemical preservatives according to the food additive regulation. Consequently, the EU is at risk of missing out on the natural and sustainable potential of the fermentation technology. To understand and pave the way for a revival of fermentation as a natural and safe biological way to reduce food waste and secure a more sustainable food production, an expert workshop was organized by LABIP to discuss the science behind the preservation of foods through fermentation and the opportunities, risks, and regulation in the EU The conclusions and recommendations from the expert workshop are presented in this LABIP Position paper.
Abstract: The Farm to Fork Initiative by the European Union (EU) has set ambitious goals with the overall objective to ensure that all foods on the EU market are sustainable. By applying fermentation technology in the production of food, the European food industry is given excellent opportunities to fulfill these goals. Food products that are produced using ...
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Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections at Laquintinie Hospital in Douala, Cameroon
Cedric Gueguim,
Vanessa Kenny Megam,
Serge Damase Oyong Assiene,
Pulcherie Ngo Lend,
Marthe Viviane Fonkam,
Edouard OrlineToukap,
Aurelle Yondo,
Lucien Honore Etame Sone
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
163-168
Received:
31 August 2022
Accepted:
16 September 2022
Published:
21 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20220704.12
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Abstract: Urinary tract infections, usually caused by bacteria that originate from the intestinal flora or the perineal flora, constitute a major public health problem for Africa in general, especially in Cameroon. Known failures with empiric therapy are becoming increasingly problematic. The same is proven true for the consistent bacterial resistance to antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of Gram-negative bacterial strains isolated from urine samples at Laquintinie Hospital of Douala and to establish their antibiotic resistance profile. Over a period of three months, four hundred and thirty-six (436) urine samples were taken and analyzed at the bacteriology laboratory of the Laquintinie hospital in Douala. The Bacteria were isolated according to standard methods and identification using the API20E gallery. The antibiotic sensitivity profile of the isolated bacteria was done by the disk diffusion method according to the recommendations of the Antibiogram Committee of the French Society of Microbiology 2018. One hundred and fifty-one (151) bacterial strains were isolated, mostly from women (58.67%) with a male or female (M/F) ratio of 0.7. We noted a predominance of Escherichia coli strains (58.28%), followed by Klebsiella Pneumoniae (22.51%), Proteus mirabilis (4.64%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.97%), Enterobacter cloacae (2.65%), Acinetobacter (1.98%), Enterobacter sakazakii (1.32%) and the rest 4.65%. All the bacterial strains isolated showed strong resistance to beta-lactam (greater than 50%) but were predominantly susceptible to Imipenem (96.39%) and Amikacin (90.47%). Escherichia coli was particularly resistant to beta-lactams such as amoxicillin (87.5%), amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (85.24%), Cefuroxime (65.57%), Cefixime (54.83%) and Ceftriaxone (52.70%). The bacterial strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae obtained a total resistance to amoxicillin (100%), clavulanic acid + amoxicillin (69.23%), Cefixime (68.42%), Ceftriaxone (52.70%), and Cefuroxime (52.00%). Escherichia coli (58.28%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.51%) are the two main bacterial species that are the most isolated. Resistance of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to antibiotics is a growing phenomenon. Monitoring for bacterial resistance to antibiotics is imperative in our context. Develop more effective prevention strategies, screening, prophylactic isolation.
Abstract: Urinary tract infections, usually caused by bacteria that originate from the intestinal flora or the perineal flora, constitute a major public health problem for Africa in general, especially in Cameroon. Known failures with empiric therapy are becoming increasingly problematic. The same is proven true for the consistent bacterial resistance to ant...
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Isolation of Phosphate-Solubilizing Microorganisms Naturally Colonizing the Rice Rhizosphere and Evaluation of Their Phosphate-Solubilizing Performance
Huanhuan Jiang,
iaqin Li,
Honghuo He,
Minjia Zhang,
Liang Yunyan,
Fan Jingyu,
Wang Jingyi,
Mo Cuiting,
Sainan Li,
Na Lv Yi
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
169-176
Received:
26 October 2022
Accepted:
10 November 2022
Published:
23 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20220704.13
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Abstract: Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) are able to dissolve insoluble phosphorus in the soil. They play an important role in promoting soil nutrient cycling, plant growth, and dissolving insoluble phosphorus in the soil, and are therefore important microbial resources in biological fertilizers. In this study, the PSMs in rice rhizosphere soil were isolated and purified. Twenty-one phosphate-solubilizing strains were screened, including 6 bacteria and 15 fungi. Morphological analysis and molecular identification of the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were conducted to determine the species. According to 16S rRNA molecular identification, the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria belonged to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus albus, Bacillus subtilis, and Rhizobium sp. The phosphate-solubilizing ability of the PSMs was determined using a plate containing tricalcium phosphate (TCP). The results showed that the phosphate-solubilizing index of most of the PSMs increased first and then decreased. The phosphate-solubilizing ability of the PSMs toward the inorganic phosphate TCP, iron phosphate, aluminum phosphate, and organophosphorus of lecithin was measured using the liquid method. The results showed that the phosphate-solubilizing ability of the PSMs was 0.39mg/L–494.13mg/L, and the phosphate-solubilizing ability of TCP was the best. Among them, 13 strains had phosphate-solubilizing ability above 100 mg/L. In this study, Twenty-one strains of highly efficient phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were isolated, providing strain resources and a theoretical reference for the development of phosphate-solubilizing biological fertilizer.
Abstract: Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) are able to dissolve insoluble phosphorus in the soil. They play an important role in promoting soil nutrient cycling, plant growth, and dissolving insoluble phosphorus in the soil, and are therefore important microbial resources in biological fertilizers. In this study, the PSMs in rice rhizosphere soil...
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Determination of the MIC and MBC of Chitosan from Cockroach and Cricket Against Some Bacterial Isolates
Umar Zainab Garba,
Abalaka Moses Enemaduku,
Daniyan Safiya Yahaya,
Babayi Hausatu
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
177-182
Received:
31 October 2022
Accepted:
21 November 2022
Published:
8 December 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20220704.14
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Abstract: To determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of chitosan from cockroach and cricket against bacterial isolates, Staphylococccus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antimicrobial efficacy of chitosan was determined by the standard method of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Different concentrations were prepared and the MICs were calculated by tube dilution method in triplicates. The MBCs were determined by the lowest concentration that kills 99.9% of the initial bacterial population. The data generated were analyzed by ANOVA and Turkeys post hoc test using spss soft ware. The MIC of cockroach chitosan against S. aureus, B. subtilis, K. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis, were found to be 240, 220, 0, 260, 240 and 0mg/ml while the MIC of cricket chitosan against the organisms were found to be 240,240,240,0, 220 and 280mg/ml. The MBC of chitosan from cockroach against the organisms were found to be 260, 260, 0, 280, 260 and 0 mg/ml while that of cricket were found to be 240, 240, 280, 0, 240 and 300 mg/ml. This study revealed that chitosan from P. Americana and A. domestica can be used as disinfectants in wounds, since they act against S. aureus, B. subtilis, K. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis which are organisms commonly found in wound.
Abstract: To determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of chitosan from cockroach and cricket against bacterial isolates, Staphylococccus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antimicrobial efficacy of chitosan was determ...
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