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Economic Valuation of Rhizobium Bio-fertilizer for Production of Haricot Bean in Wolayta Zone, SNNP Region, Ethiopia
Anteneh Tamirat,
Binyam Goshu,
Girum Faris,
Zeleke Woldetenssay
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
1-6
Received:
31 August 2016
Accepted:
24 November 2016
Published:
10 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20170201.11
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Abstract: Microorganisms as components of biodiversity play important roles in different economic sectors including agriculture, pharmaceutical and in other industrial products. In Agriculture they are used as bio fertilizers and biological control agents. The biological nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium species and other bacteria is safe and cheap source of nitrogen fertilizer. A questionnaire based survey was employed in Wolayta zone of SNNP to determine the Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Rhizobium bio-fertilizer for production of haricot bean. A total of 50 respondents from two kebeles were involved in the study and proportionate random sampling was used to draw informants from the population of bio-fertilizer users. Results showed that average yield of haricot bean are 10.17 quintals using bio-fertilizer, and 3.65 quintals without bio-fertilizer and there is a difference of 6.52 quintals. Yield and WTP are positively correlated with each other. As the mean yield of haricot bean with bio-fertilizer exceeds by 6.52 quintal, the difference is significant (t=8.5, sig.= 0.000) at 95% level). Thus it may be possible to conclude that the gain from the use of the bio-fertilizer estimated the economic value of the rhizobial bacteria used as input for the production of haricot bean.
Abstract: Microorganisms as components of biodiversity play important roles in different economic sectors including agriculture, pharmaceutical and in other industrial products. In Agriculture they are used as bio fertilizers and biological control agents. The biological nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium species and other bacteria is safe and cheap source of ni...
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Presence of Campylobacter spp. in Whole Chickens and Viscera Marketed in the Municipality Girardot Aragua State, Venezuela
Bracho-Espinoza Héctor,
Lemus-Córdova Publio,
Justacara Iris
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
7-11
Received:
16 October 2016
Accepted:
2 December 2016
Published:
10 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20170201.12
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Abstract: Consumers of food products of animal origin, require compliance with good manufacturing practices, to ensure their safety. The presence of pathogens able to produce food (ETAs) transmitted diseases, justify the urgent need to determine the presence of Campylobacter spp. This research descriptive transversal, aimed at detecting the presence of Campylobacter spp in broilers packed whole and viscera, marketed in the municipality Girardot of the State Aragua, Venezuela, where they were collected through a non-probability sampling weekly four chickens of three production batches, during June 2013, a total of 48 chickens and 48 groups of viscera. They were assessed by rapid plate test; finding Campylobacter spp in lot 1 100% for broilers and viscera, in Lot 2 68.75% in one chickens and 50% in viscera and Lot 3 75% and 56.5% in chicken and viscera; averaging 81.25% for whole chickens and 68.50% for viscera. The number of colony forming units (CFU) than the infective dose for individual’s ≥500 CFU, was obtained in 43.75% of the chickens and viscera 25% lot 1, 12.5% of broilers and viscera lot 2 and 6.25% of chickens and viscera lot 3. In determining the degree of correlation between the UFC in chickens and viscera an association between these variables (P<0.005) was observed.
Abstract: Consumers of food products of animal origin, require compliance with good manufacturing practices, to ensure their safety. The presence of pathogens able to produce food (ETAs) transmitted diseases, justify the urgent need to determine the presence of Campylobacter spp. This research descriptive transversal, aimed at detecting the presence of Campy...
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Screening of Fermentative Potency of Yeast Isolates from Indigenous Sources for Dough Leavening
Balarabe Musa Maryam,
Sani Sambo Datsugwai Mohammed,
Orukotan Abimbola Ayodeji
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
12-17
Received:
28 October 2016
Accepted:
1 December 2016
Published:
10 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20170201.13
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Abstract: Baker’s yeast is one of the most essential imported ingredients in baking industries/bakery in Nigeria. Yeast as a common organism in our environment, there is a greater possibility to recover and identify baker’s yeast from various indigenous sources. This study was focused on isolating, identifying and assessing the dough fermenting abilities of yeasts from various indigenous sources which can potentially be employed as a leavening agent. Differential test were applied including cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics (using API20C AUX Kit (BioMeriux), which facilitated the identification of the yeasts to specie level. The isolates were subjected to baking potency test; ethanol tolerance test, hydrogen sulphide (H2S) production test, temperature tolerance test, flocculation test (effect of shaking) and leavening action on bread dough. Thirteen (13) yeasts were isolated from sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), pineapple (Ananas comosus) and palm wine. These isolates belong to the genera of Candida, Rhodotorula, Kodamaea and Cryptococcus. Four yeast Species namely; Candida colliculosa, Candida krusei, Rhodotorula mucilagnosa and Rhodotorula minuta were used to ferment wheat flour dough in order to determine their individual fermentative abilities where Rhodotorula minuta and Rhodotorula mucilagnosa showed better performance compared to commercial yeast. Thus indicates that the local fruit could be a potential source of indigenous yeast species for leavening agent in bread making.
Abstract: Baker’s yeast is one of the most essential imported ingredients in baking industries/bakery in Nigeria. Yeast as a common organism in our environment, there is a greater possibility to recover and identify baker’s yeast from various indigenous sources. This study was focused on isolating, identifying and assessing the dough fermenting abilities of ...
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Demonstration and Participatory Evaluation of Different Honey Bee Queen Rearing Techniques at Ramada Station of Shebedino Woreda, Sidama Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia
Teklu Gebretsadik,
Bangu Bekele,
Asrat Tera
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
18-21
Received:
31 October 2016
Accepted:
9 December 2016
Published:
10 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20170201.14
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Abstract: The objectives of this study was to determent the type of queen rearing technique which was more appropriate to local conditions, productive, simple and practice. To conduct the study Strong and uniform colony population was selected and bought from beekeepers. Then after bee colonies were transferred to Kenya top bar hives /KTBH/ and Zander model and allowed establishing by keeping under favourable management conditions. Three types of colony multiplication were practiced to identify the best suitable technique for the study area for both in farmers and research centres practice. The techniques were practiced on the two annual potential season of the area. The trial period was September and November on which ample of flowers exists and the second season was May to June. On both seasons the colonies were supplied with sugar syrup feeding. The splitting, overcrowding and miller methods were practiced on zander and KTBH under a similar feeding and management environment. Since the underlying concept of queen rearing is to get the most number of queens from the least resources from the genetics chosen traits the keeper wants, at the trial period 6 to 5 queen larvae’s were obtained from splitting techniques, 3 to 2 cells from overcrowding and 2 to 0 queens from miller techniques per hive were obtained. According to this study, although there is an annual seasons effect on honeybee queen rearing and no significance difference between the techniques, the study shows that the splitting method (either pre-arranged or random) could be used to be better stimulate worker bees in a queen less colony to rear their own queen and evaluated based on its efficiency, easiness, time saving, practicality, strength, and productivity and of the multiplied colony. Therefore, it is better for institutions to establishment bee centers committed for research and bee breeding and extension should target on capacity building on splitting queen rearing programs.
Abstract: The objectives of this study was to determent the type of queen rearing technique which was more appropriate to local conditions, productive, simple and practice. To conduct the study Strong and uniform colony population was selected and bought from beekeepers. Then after bee colonies were transferred to Kenya top bar hives /KTBH/ and Zander model ...
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Effects of Feeding Palm Kernel Cake with Crude Enzyme Supplementation on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler Chicken
Hassan Usman Zamani,
Teck Chwen Loh,
Hooi Ling Foo,
Samsudin A. A.,
Alshelmani M. I.
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
22-28
Received:
31 October 2016
Accepted:
2 December 2016
Published:
10 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20170201.15
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Abstract: Ingredients used in monogastric diet contain certain quantity of anti-nutritional factors, such as high fiber content in PKC, and complex carbohydrate in corn and soybean meal which cannot be degraded easily by poultry. Exogenous enzyme can be used to supplement enzymes available in the digestive tract of the birds to a certain level that is effective, or to provide hydrolytic capacity that is totally absent. The objective of this study was to study the effects of feeding Palm kernel cake with crude enzymes on growth performance and meat quality of broiler chicken. Four days solid state fermentation was conducted using Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus DSMZ 10248 as cellulolytic bacteria and palm kernel cake PKC as substrate, at different moisture ratio to produce enzymes. The enzymes produce were administered at different inclusion level into a broiler diet. A total of 252 male broilers were raised in a battery cage from day old to 42 days; 6 birds/cage. The birds were divided into 7 groups all the diet contains 15% PKC+corn and soybean meal. The dietary treatment consisted of: (i) Diet without enzyme (ii) Diet+0.1% commercial enzyme (iii) Diet+0.2% crude enzyme (iv) Diet+0.4% crude enzyme (v) Diet+0.6% crude enzyme (vi) Diet+0.8% crude enzyme (vii) Diet+1% crude enzyme. The result showed that higher body weight and feed intake were observed in group fed diet+1% crude enzyme, while lower body weight and feed intake were recorded in the control group. The findings of this research had showed that crude enzyme utilization on broiler diet improved growth performance of broiler chicken with little effects on meat quality, specifically pH, texture and color.
Abstract: Ingredients used in monogastric diet contain certain quantity of anti-nutritional factors, such as high fiber content in PKC, and complex carbohydrate in corn and soybean meal which cannot be degraded easily by poultry. Exogenous enzyme can be used to supplement enzymes available in the digestive tract of the birds to a certain level that is effect...
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Inhibitory Effects of Juniperus oxycedrus Essential Oils Against Some Pathogens
Bachir Raho G.,
Otsmane M.,
Sebaa F.
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
29-33
Received:
9 September 2016
Accepted:
12 December 2016
Published:
12 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20170201.16
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Abstract: In the current study, in vitro antimicrobial activity of Juniperus oxycedrus essential oils was screened against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp, Bacillus sp, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida albicans by using disc and well diffusion, minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum microbiocidal concentration (MBC) methods. Juniperus oxycedrus essential oils have moderate inhibition activity with diameters ranging from 7 mm to 19 mm, when S. aureus was the most sensitive strain then P. aeruginosa was the most resistant. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were ranging from 250 µl/ml to 500 µl/ml while minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were 500 µl/ml. This study shows that Juniperus oxycedrus could be a good candidate in the search for new active compounds based on herbal against these common pathogens.
Abstract: In the current study, in vitro antimicrobial activity of Juniperus oxycedrus essential oils was screened against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp, Bacillus sp, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida albicans by using disc and well diffusion, minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum microbiocidal ...
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Effects of Rhizobium, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers on Growth, Nodulation, Yield and Yield Attributes of Soybean at Pawe Northwestern Ethiopia
Masresha Abitew Tarekegn,
Kibebew Kibret
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
34-42
Received:
11 November 2016
Accepted:
28 December 2016
Published:
14 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20170201.17
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Abstract: Owing to the rising costs of chemical fertilizers and the growing environmental concerns, there is an ever increasing interest in the role of soil microorganisms in crop nutrition and soil fertility restoration. A field study was therefore conducted to determine the influence of Bradyrhizobium inoculation, N and P fertilizers application on nodulation, yield and yield attributes of soybean at Pawe. Three levels of N (0, 11.5 and 23 kg N ha-1); three levels of P (0, 23 and 46 kg P2O5 ha-1) with two levels of Bradyrhizobium were arranged in RCBD in factorial combinations with three replications. Nodule number, nodule weights, plant height, number of pods and number of seeds, 100 seeds weight and grain yield responded significantly to the interaction effects of B. japonicum with N and P fertilizers. Seed yield, biomass yield, and harvest index were significantly affected by the main effects of any one or more of the factors and interaction of any two of the factors. The maximum numbers of nodules of 80.26, fresh and dry weights of 3.77 and 0.99 gm/plant respectively; 100-seed weight of 16.96 gm, number of pods of 80.66 and grain yield of 3151.88 kg/ha were measured by combined effect of 11.5 kg N/ha, 46 kg P2O5/ha and B. japonicum. The highest plant heights of 79.26 cm, and 100.60 numbers of seeds were measured after applications of 46 kg P2O5/ha with B. japonicum. Each nodule attributes were significantly and positively correlated each other and with each yield and yield attributes. The results showed that growth and yield potential of soybean and an increase N2 fixing can be achieved by using inoculation of B. japonicum and P application alone or in combination with B. japonicum, or P with small dose of N fertilizer. The results obtained in this work might have potential applications for increasing the productivity of soybean and enriching the soil with N.
Abstract: Owing to the rising costs of chemical fertilizers and the growing environmental concerns, there is an ever increasing interest in the role of soil microorganisms in crop nutrition and soil fertility restoration. A field study was therefore conducted to determine the influence of Bradyrhizobium inoculation, N and P fertilizers application on nodulat...
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Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis Among Females Visiting Some Selected Hospitals in Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria
Okoh Martina Enyanwu,
Igbaaka Isaac Marsoon
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
43-47
Received:
25 November 2016
Accepted:
26 December 2016
Published:
16 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20170201.18
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Abstract: A study of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among females visiting some selected hospitals in Makurdi metropolis, Benue State was carried out. A total of 200 females of 15 years and above, who attended BSUTH, City Hospital Makurdi, Bishop Murray Medical Centre and Immaculate Conception Hospital were involved in the study. Structured questionnaires were used to gather demographic information from the individuals. One hundred and nine (109) samples of urine and ninety one (91) samples of high virginal swab (HVS) were collected using sterile urine bottles and sterile non-abrasive high virginal swab sticks. All samples were examined microscopically within two hours of collection. The presence of T. vaginalis was detected by its characteristic jerky movement in the wet preparation. Results showed that 21 (10.5%) urine and HVS samples were positive. The highest prevalence of infection was within the age group of 21-26 years (P>0.05) followed by 15-20 years with (14.3%). There was no significant difference in infection rate in relation to the nature of sample collected (P>0.05). There was however, a significant difference in infection rate between rural 16 (23.5%) and urban 5 (3.8%) patients (P < 0.05). There is a need to focus on the predisposing factors making ladies vulnerable to infection especially in the villages.
Abstract: A study of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among females visiting some selected hospitals in Makurdi metropolis, Benue State was carried out. A total of 200 females of 15 years and above, who attended BSUTH, City Hospital Makurdi, Bishop Murray Medical Centre and Immaculate Conception Hospital were involved in the study. Structured questionnaires w...
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Review Paper on Determining Stocking Rate in Tropical Countries by the Use of Tropical Animal Unit Month (Taum)
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
48-51
Received:
21 November 2016
Accepted:
28 December 2016
Published:
18 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20170201.19
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Abstract: This review paper is prepared with objective of to revise scientific information about how carrying capacity of a grazing land calculated in tropical Africa. An animal unit month (AUM) is the amount of dry forage one mature cow of approximately 250kg with a calf requires for one month in the tropical countries. Stocking rate is commonly stated as hectare per animal unit month (AUM) or its reciprocal, AUM's per hectare. One Tropical Livestock Unit (TLU) denotes the feed requirement of a standard animal of a certain live weight (usually 250 kg). Carrying capacity can be calculated either by Animal Unit Equivalents or Average Animal Weight. The steps followed to calculate stocking rate using Animal Unit Equivalents are determining total production of the area, calculating total “available” forage by using the “take half, leave half” method, either divide total production by 2, or multiply by 0.5, determine kilograms of forage eaten by cattle per month, calculate proper stocking rate for cattle, convert for Animal type you are using with Animal Unit Equivalents, and lastly calculating number of animals you can keep over the time needed consecutively. I case of Average Animal Weight Method the steps followed are determining total production of the area, calculate total “available” forage, calculate the required forage for the animal, regardless of the breed or species, and determine the daily and monthly forage requirement for their size by using the conversion factor of 2.667%, calculate proper stocking rate for class of livestock you are using and lastly determining the number of animals you can graze over the time needed.
Abstract: This review paper is prepared with objective of to revise scientific information about how carrying capacity of a grazing land calculated in tropical Africa. An animal unit month (AUM) is the amount of dry forage one mature cow of approximately 250kg with a calf requires for one month in the tropical countries. Stocking rate is commonly stated as h...
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