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Peptides and Glycopeptides with Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Activity Obtained from Yeast Mannoproteins
Spontón Pablo,
Landoni Malena,
Couto Alicia,
Tonarelli Georgina,
Simonetta Arturo
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2018
Pages:
62-70
Received:
27 June 2018
Accepted:
6 August 2018
Published:
12 October 2018
Abstract: Purified mannoproteins from 5 yeast strains belonging to the genera Brettanomyces, Candida, Pichia and Saccharomyces were studied. Each mannoprotein extract was hydrolysed with proteolytic enzymes, generating small peptides whose inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was determined. Partial purification of six selected mannoprotein extracts was done by reversed phase chromatography, six fractions with relevant inhibitory activity being obtained. Chromatographic and spectroscopic analyses revealed mainly hydrophilic peptides, with molecular weight between 700 and 4800 Da. The presence of sugars in all fractions was determined, mannose being the most abundant one. Subsequently, the most active fractions were again separated by affinity chromatography, which led to two new types of fractions: peptidic fractions (PFs) and glycopeptidic fractions (GPFs). Results showed that all fractions inhibited AChE, although GPFs inhibited AChE to a greater degree than PFs, with a percentage of inhibition ranging from 49.3 to 77.8%. Likewise, all GPFs fractions had higher values of inhibition than the corresponding whole fraction, while PFs showed lower percentages of anti-acetylcholinesterase activity. These results suggest that glycopeptidic are the most interesting fractions for their ability to inhibit this enzyme. As a conclusion, it was shown that some peptides produced by hydrolysis of mannoproteins proved able to inhibit AChE and should be considered as potential anti-AChE agents and significant to the manufacturing of food with potential functional properties.
Abstract: Purified mannoproteins from 5 yeast strains belonging to the genera Brettanomyces, Candida, Pichia and Saccharomyces were studied. Each mannoprotein extract was hydrolysed with proteolytic enzymes, generating small peptides whose inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was determined. Partial purification of six selected mannoprotei...
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Isolation and Identification of Heavy Metals and Antibiotics Resistant Strains from Antananarivo Dumpsite, Madagascar
Hanitrinisoa Harimisa Andriamafana,
Yves Mong,
Onja Andriambeloson,
Christine Ravonizafy,
Marson Raherimandimby,
Rado Rasolomampianina
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2018
Pages:
71-78
Received:
11 September 2018
Accepted:
21 September 2018
Published:
30 October 2018
Abstract: Heavy metals contamination is now widespread in the nature. At higher concentration, heavy metals become toxic and disturb the ecosystem including soil microorganisms. To adapt to such constraints, some microorganisms have developed tolerance mechanisms. Indeed, in the environment, the resistance of microorganisms to heavy metal often promotes to antibiotic resistance. This work aims to isolate strains from soil samples collected in Andralanitra landfill, to test their tolerance to heavy metals, to identify tolerant strains and to verify their resistance to antibiotics. According to the dilution method, a total of 48 strains were obtained, 14 were isolated on PDA medium, 10 on Sabouraud agar medium, 10 strains on Mossel agar medium, 7 on AS1 medium, 5 strains on TSA medium and 2 strains with King B medium. Resistance test to heavy metals performed by the wells method showed that out of the 48 isolated strains, 26 were capable to grow in the presence of heavy metals (solution composed of copper, zinc, cadmium, chromium, nickel, lead) at different concentrations. The highest number of tolerant strains was recorded at the concentration of 100mg/L ≤ C ≤ 1000mg/L. Four (4) strains were tolerant to the heavy metals solution at a concentration between 100mg/L and 1500mg/L. The molecular identification of these four most resistant strains by 16S rDNA gene sequencing and ITS gene sequencing allowed to classify them as belonging to the genera Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense, Arthrobacter nicotianae, Penicillium crustosum and Penicillium commune. The antibiotic sensitivity test using disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar revealed that Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense and Penicillium commune were resistant to Trimethoprim, Arthrobacter nicotianae showed resistance to Trimethoprim and Ciprofloxacin, Penicillium crustosum was resistant to all tested antibiotics.
Abstract: Heavy metals contamination is now widespread in the nature. At higher concentration, heavy metals become toxic and disturb the ecosystem including soil microorganisms. To adapt to such constraints, some microorganisms have developed tolerance mechanisms. Indeed, in the environment, the resistance of microorganisms to heavy metal often promotes to a...
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Detection of invA Gene in Salmonella Limete Isolated from Wastewater Treatment Plant of University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria
Anthony Chibuogwu Ike,
Dickson Ihenrochi Dickson,
Okechukwu John Obi
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2018
Pages:
79-82
Received:
1 October 2018
Accepted:
22 October 2018
Published:
10 November 2018
Abstract: Salmonellae are ubiquitous microorganisms that infect both humans and animals. Human infections usually occur through contaminated food or water and can result in one of two major diseases, namely gastroenteritis and enteric fever. Hence, Salmonella remains a major public health problem especially in developing countries where the level of hygiene is very low. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential risk of Salmonella serovars isolated from the University of Nigeria Nsukka (UNN) wastewater treatment plants. Three Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Limete isolates from the UNN waste treatment plants were investigated for the presence of invasive A (invA) gene. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from the isolates by boiling method. Extracted bacteria DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using invA specific primers. PCR products were resolved on 1.5% agarose gel stained with 0.5 µg/ml of ethidium bromide. Results showed the presence of a band size of 244 base pair of Salmonella invA gene in 2 of the isolates. This is an indication that the isolates may have a human or animal origin and are potentially pathogenic. Therefore, the treatment of water in the wastewater plant is insufficient and water from the plant should not be employed for human use or used with caution.
Abstract: Salmonellae are ubiquitous microorganisms that infect both humans and animals. Human infections usually occur through contaminated food or water and can result in one of two major diseases, namely gastroenteritis and enteric fever. Hence, Salmonella remains a major public health problem especially in developing countries where the level of hygiene ...
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Microorganisms Associated with Prostatitis Using Indwelling Urinary Catheters in Okigwe, Imo State, Nigeria
Ogwuegbu Happiness Odinakachi,
Nwaugo Victor Oluohaegbulam,
Uranta Diamond Magnus,
Nwokorie Chukwuma Chigozie,
Alaedu Augustina Ogochukwu
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2018
Pages:
83-88
Received:
2 June 2018
Accepted:
25 June 2018
Published:
17 December 2018
Abstract: Indwelling urinary catheters are standard medical devices utilized in both hospital and nursing home settings to relieve urinary retention and urinary incontinence in a prostatitis patient. The microorganisms associated with prostatitis using urinary catheters was carried out in Okigwe, Imo State using culture technique. 200 patients were examined for prostate specific antigens (PSA) using quantitative and qualitative tests and antibiotic susceptibility tests were also done. Out of 200 patients tested for PSA, 119 (59.5%) and 129 (64.5%) were positive for quantitative and qualitative respectively. 85 patients were catheterized with 80 (94.15%) having bacterial isolates while 75 (65.5%) of the 115 uncatheterized patients having bacterial growth. The organisms isolated from catheterized and uncatheterized patients were Escherichia coli 55 (3.5%), Klebsiella spp 12 (7.8%), Staphylococcus aureus 42 (27.0%), Streptococcus 20 (12.9%), Protus spp 13 (8.4%) and Pseudomanas 13 (8.4%). Higher bacterial loads were observed in the catheterized patients urine than in the uncatheterized. Streptomycin, Ceftriaxone and Augumentine were the drugs of choice in the sensitivity tests while high antimicrobial resistant rates were observed with Ampiclox, Septrin and Chlorophenicol. Generally, high prevalence rate of PSA and bacterial pathogens were reported in patients of high age (50 and above years). This calls for proper medical checks for men of 50 years and above. This check will prevent the development of prostatitis which could lead to fertility problems because of difficulty in ejaculation in prostatitis patients.
Abstract: Indwelling urinary catheters are standard medical devices utilized in both hospital and nursing home settings to relieve urinary retention and urinary incontinence in a prostatitis patient. The microorganisms associated with prostatitis using urinary catheters was carried out in Okigwe, Imo State using culture technique. 200 patients were examined ...
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Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Campylobacter Species in Locally Pasteurized Milk Product (Nunu) Sold in Zaria Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Ernest Osamudiamen Ogbomon,
Olubunmi Olufunmi Akpomie,
Rufus Precious Enenya,
Osayande Obanor,
Emmanuel Morka
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2018
Pages:
89-94
Received:
25 October 2018
Accepted:
10 November 2018
Published:
17 December 2018
Abstract: Contaminated milk and milk-products are regarded as vehicles for the transmission of Campylobacteriosis, infectious diarrhoea caused by Campylobacter but the prevalence of this bacterium in nunu had not been established. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of Campylobacter species in locally pasteurized milk product (nunu) sold in Zaria metropolis and establish the antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates. A total of 180 nunu samples were collected and cultured for Campylobacter species using membrane filtration method, characterized using biochemical testing and API campy kits. Susceptibility of the isolates was carried out using the conventional agar diffusion method and the MAR indexing was calculated respectively. Out of the 180 nunu samples, 29 samples were positive for Campylobacter species giving a prevalence of 16.1%. Campylobacter coli were mostly isolated with isolation rate of 10.5% while C. jejuni were 5.6%. Imipenem were found to have 100% efficacy against all the Campylobacter species followed by Gentamicin (95%) while the isolates were resistant to Erythromycin (100%). Altogether, 39% of the Campylobacter species were resistant to three and more class of antibiotics and this is mostly implicated among strains of Campylobacter coli (47%) compared to C. jejuni (31%). The highest MAR index of 0.63 observed in this study is of public health importance. In this study, all the isolates had a MAR index greater than 0.2. Thus, Campylobacter contamination of the milk product is likely to be from a high risk source. With the increasing trend in Campylobacter resistance, it is therefore recommended that the use of antibiotic in animal food production and human therapy had to be controlled.
Abstract: Contaminated milk and milk-products are regarded as vehicles for the transmission of Campylobacteriosis, infectious diarrhoea caused by Campylobacter but the prevalence of this bacterium in nunu had not been established. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of Campylobacter species in locally pasteurized milk product (nunu) sold in Zaria ...
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