Palliation of Neoplastic Esophageal Strictures with Metallic Stents
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
86-89
Received:
18 September 2017
Accepted:
28 September 2017
Published:
6 November 2017
Abstract: Most patients with advanced esophageal neoplasm have dysphagia and suffer from cachexia and malnourishment. Supportive treatments focus on symptom palliation and improving quality of life at this time. Guidelines illustrated some indications for stent use in esophageal neoplasm such as inoperable neoplastic obstruction, presence of neoplastic fistula or perforation, tumor recurrence and contraindication for chemo-radiotherapy. Palliative stents help relieve dysphagia, manage mouth secretions, reduce aspiration risk, and maintain oral intake. Stent placement sometimes requires both endoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance. A stricture dilation is not necessary before stent placement. Success rate of SEMS placement was reported 80-100%. Complications of stents are bleeding, perforation, migration, and tumor ingrowth. Coated SEMS are the treatment of choice in the presence of neoplastic trachea-esophageal fistula. Partially covered stents are used for neoplastic stricture but their removal is sometimes difficult. The stent can be left in esophagus indefinitely for palliation in cases with progressive disease. In this article, we reviewed the recent literatures for efficacy of palliative metal stents placement in patients with esophageal neoplasm.
Abstract: Most patients with advanced esophageal neoplasm have dysphagia and suffer from cachexia and malnourishment. Supportive treatments focus on symptom palliation and improving quality of life at this time. Guidelines illustrated some indications for stent use in esophageal neoplasm such as inoperable neoplastic obstruction, presence of neoplastic fistu...
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Concordance Between Frozen Section and Permanent Section in Assessment of Resection Margins in Breast Conserving Surgery Among Patients with Breast Cancer
Mahsa Ahadi,
Elena Jamali,
Behrang Kazeminezhad,
Tahmine Mollasharifi,
Sara Kasraee,
Afshin Moradi
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
90-94
Received:
3 October 2017
Accepted:
1 November 2017
Published:
22 December 2017
Abstract: Introduction: Breast cancer is considered as one of the most common malignancies among Iranian women and the most common cancer among women worldwide, with an incidence of over one million new cases per year worldwide, and is still the leading cause of morbidity in women with 411,000 cases per annum. The purpose of current study is to evaluate the compliance between samples of Frozen Section and Permanent section with respect to examination of the breast mass margin in breast conserving surgery. Methods and materials: Current study was retrospective cross-sectional study in which, 143 patients with BC were included via convenient sampling method. Our study’s sample was obtained from patients who referred to Shohada Tajrish Hospital (Tehran, Iran) between 2009-2011 and went through breast mass surgery; subsequently, their tissue samples were assessed and reported via frozen section and permanent section methods. Obtained data was assessed via SPSS-24 software. Results: Results of Chi-square test reported the chi-square is equal to 126.392 and the degree of freedom (dof)=2, which indicates that the data is three-layered; significance=0.000 confirmed rejection of the null hypothesis and the non-uniformity of the data. Hence, It can be inferred that data are valid and testable. In the t-test, the number of data is 143 and its mean is 1.028, which is the same as the descriptive statistics. However, it differs from the mean of the society, which should be considered our Inferential-test results. Our zero assumption seeks out the same results of both methods. The results of the research are not rejected by the significance of 0.481 above 0.05, and the results can be stated to be the same on average. Conclusion: According to the obtained data, compliance of the Frozen section and the Permanent section in the examination of marginal breast masses in Shohada Tajrish Hospital; two sampling modalities show higher than 77.6% similarity. Furthermore, Frozen section modality tend to be quicker procedure and the results can be delivered to surgeon and in result he may make more accurate therapeutic decisions and this may reduce number of anesthesia and surgical procedures on a patients. Hence, due to high concordance rate between results of Frozen section and permanent section plus competitive advantage of time saving in frozen section approach, this approach may be considered as gold standard approach regarding evaluation of tumoral and non-tumoral masses in the examination of the breast mass margin in breast conserving surgery.
Abstract: Introduction: Breast cancer is considered as one of the most common malignancies among Iranian women and the most common cancer among women worldwide, with an incidence of over one million new cases per year worldwide, and is still the leading cause of morbidity in women with 411,000 cases per annum. The purpose of current study is to evaluate the ...
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Prognostic Implications of Claudin 4 and Rock 1 in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Shimaa Ahmed,
Ola A. Harb,
Nashwa Nawar
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
95-103
Received:
20 January 2017
Accepted:
22 February 2017
Published:
28 December 2017
Abstract: Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with characteristically poor prognosis. Tumor invasion and metastasis lead to high mortality of patients with breast cancer. The identification of biomarkers that allow early detection of metastasis is essential for therapeutic success in the treatment of breast cancer. This study aimed to asses the immune-histochemical expression of Rock-1 and claudin-4 in triple negative breast cancer and comparing them with classic prognostic parameters as age, grade, lymph node state, distant metastasis and stage to evaluate their prognostic significance in triple negative breast cancer. Material and methods: Forty cases of triple negative breast cancer were examined immunohistochemically using antibodies against claudin 4 and ROCK 1. Results: There was a difference in the expression of claudin 4 and Rock 1 among different clinicopathological parameters. A statistically significant relationship was found between high claudin 4 expression and higher age at time of diagnosis, advanced tumor stage, presence of distant metastasis and increased number of nodal involvement (p=0.041, 0.006, 0.001 and < 0.001 respectively). A highly statistically significant relationship was detected between high Rock 1 expression and increased number of nodal involvement (p <0.001). Also the expression of Rock 1 was different according to different age groups, tumor grades, tumor stages and presence or absence of distant metastasis but this difference was statistically insignificant (p=0.388, 0.602, 0.699 and 0. 944 respectively). Conclusion: our data suggest that claudin 4 and ROCK 1 are biomarkers of poor prognosis of patients with triple negative breast cancer.
Abstract: Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with characteristically poor prognosis. Tumor invasion and metastasis lead to high mortality of patients with breast cancer. The identification of biomarkers that allow early detection of metastasis is essential for therapeutic success in the treatment of breast cancer. This study aimed...
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