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Epidemiological Report on Outbreak Investigation of Chicken Pox in Muzaffarpur District, Bihar, India
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, May 2017
Pages:
28-38
Received:
12 October 2016
Accepted:
13 March 2017
Published:
27 March 2017
Abstract: Chicken pox or varicella is an acute infectious disease of childhood caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV), belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Outbreaks of Chicken Pox were reported in 10 blocks in Muzaffarpur district in Bihar from 16 Jan 2016 till 7 Feb 2016. Outbreak investigation was done in 3 blocks in the district to identify the reasons of outbreak and to suggest remedial measures for its control. Discussion with the District authorities and medical and paramedical staff was done to know the background information of the affected areas, genesis of outbreak, investigations carried out so far and control measures undertaken, visit to the affected areas was done and environmental investigation, knowledge, attitude & practices of the community were also analyzed as per pre-planned questionnaire. Total 263 cases and 2 deaths due to Chicken Pox have been reported in Muzaffarpur from 10 blocks from Jan 2016 till Feb 7 2016. The disease afflicted almost all the age group but the incidence was more in the age group 1-14 years. Males were more affected than females in Block Mushahri and Meenapur while males and females are equally affected in Block Kurhani. The most common clinical manifestations observed were rash (100%), fever (88%) and headache (24%). The rash was generalized in all of the cases, and the first site was the trunk in the majority (60%) followed by face (20%) of the patients. Majority (54%) of the patients presented 51–100 lesions followed by 25-50 lesions (52%). The history of contact with a case of chickenpox was available in all the patients while none of them gave a history of vaccination against VZV. Majority of the cases recovered spontaneously without any major complications. The area was overpopulated with residents living in poorly structured houses. Majority were living in a hut with entire family with poor ventilation facilities, which led to the spread of the virus. Majority of the affected population were illiterate (54%) and unaware of the cause of the disease. The Health Workers viz: ASHAs and ANMs could play an important role in prevention of outbreak.
Abstract: Chicken pox or varicella is an acute infectious disease of childhood caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV), belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Outbreaks of Chicken Pox were reported in 10 blocks in Muzaffarpur district in Bihar from 16 Jan 2016 till 7 Feb 2016. Outbreak investigation was done in 3 blocks in the district to identify the reasons...
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Study of the Cytotoxicity Effect of New Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III) and Cu(II) Complexes of Chalcone on Cancer (Cell Line RD) and Antimicribial Activity
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, May 2017
Pages:
39-42
Received:
17 September 2016
Accepted:
17 March 2017
Published:
27 March 2017
Abstract: "The new complexes of Cr(III), Mn (II), Fe(III) and Cu(II) complexes with the chalcone ligand were studied on the growth of Rhabdomyo sarcomas (RD) cell Line in human by using in vitro system and compared with anticancer drug cis-platin (cis-pt) as appositive control. The cancer cells were treated with different concentration and cis-pt after 72 hr. exposure time. The cytotoxic activity was tested by inhibition rate as parameter. The results showed significant differences (p<0.05) for each three treatments when the inhibition rates were increased. The synthesized compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity by cup plate diffusion method. The results indicate the enhanced activity of metal complexes over the parent ligands. The synthesized complexes have been screened for in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and new prepared complexes were compared with anticancer drug cis-platin."
Abstract: "The new complexes of Cr(III), Mn (II), Fe(III) and Cu(II) complexes with the chalcone ligand were studied on the growth of Rhabdomyo sarcomas (RD) cell Line in human by using in vitro system and compared with anticancer drug cis-platin (cis-pt) as appositive control. The cancer cells were treated with different concentration and cis-pt after 72 hr...
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Comparison Between Circulating Immune Complexes and Prostate Specific Antigen to Assess the Pathogenesis of Prostate Cancer
Alka Vishwas Nerurkar,
Desai Jyotsna,
Mukund Andankar,
Annada Joshi,
Sneha Shinde
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, May 2017
Pages:
43-47
Received:
20 February 2017
Accepted:
22 March 2017
Published:
11 April 2017
Abstract: Prostrate cancer is a common cancer in males with increasing rate of incidence these days. Two known markers prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) have been used for diagnosis and in the clinical management of prostate cancer patients. PAP and PSA tests are not specific and hence not reliable. Therefore, certain immunological tests need to be developed to aid the clinicians in early detection, metastasis and recurrence and also to follow clinical course of the disease and/or its response to therapy. The present study shows that the circulating immune complexes (CICs) may be associated with the pathogenesis of prostate cancer and their progression. CICs were investigated in 50 prostate cancer patients having different grades of the disease and 45 benign prostate hyperplasia patients (BPH). Estimation of CICs was done using 3.75% Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) serum precipitation. The results obtained were compared with normal healthy individuals. 83.33% and 91.66% positivity was observed in Grade I and Grade II prostate carcinomas respectively, whereas 100% positivity was observed in Grade III and Grade IV prostate carcinoma. BPH patients showed 60% positivity. Strong positive correlation (r=0.5748) between Prostate specific antigen (PSA) and CIC was observed in prostate cancer patients. Present investigation shows CICs may be associated with the pathogenesis of prostate cancers. The further qualitative analysis of CICs may help us to formulate specific immunological tests for early detection, management and monitoring the efficacy of treatment in prostate cancers.
Abstract: Prostrate cancer is a common cancer in males with increasing rate of incidence these days. Two known markers prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) have been used for diagnosis and in the clinical management of prostate cancer patients. PAP and PSA tests are not specific and hence not reliable. Therefore, certain immun...
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The Study of Implementation of Safety Regulation for Children in Radiology Department
K. Ebrahim Nezhad Gorji,
S. Z. Hosseini Motlagh,
GH Ataei
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, May 2017
Pages:
48-50
Received:
19 February 2017
Accepted:
16 March 2017
Published:
24 May 2017
Abstract: During the last few decades in different areas of the world the cancer incidence in children has increased. Children are major users of imaging services. Since children are more sensitive to radiation therefore dose minimization for them is important. The aim of this study is to assessment of safety for children in diagnostic radiology units. This cross-sectional study was conducted in three public hospitals of Khoramabad Lorestan province. 385 check lists in Shohadaye Ashyer, Madani, Taaminegtemaei hospitals are investigated. The checklist has five items with various questions around radiation protection and safety related to patients. The information achieved by the checklists was recorded and entered into SPSS (version 22). Among the 385cases reviewed, 210 were boy (54.6%) and 175 girl (45.4%) patients. The mean age of patients was 6.14 years, ranging from 2 days to 12 years. Only Madani and Taaminegtemaei provided shield and warning posters. The use of shielding number in Shohaday eAshyer and Taaminegtemaeei hospitals is 87 (22.5%) and Madani hospital is 194 (50.3%). Patient dose reduction coincides with avoiding unnecessary exams, minimizing repeat images during exams, field size minimization and using appropriate shielding by performance this cases can be protect patient specially children. The use of gonad shielding in Shohadaye Ashyer hospital does higher rate than in Madani and Taaminegtemaeei hospitals.
Abstract: During the last few decades in different areas of the world the cancer incidence in children has increased. Children are major users of imaging services. Since children are more sensitive to radiation therefore dose minimization for them is important. The aim of this study is to assessment of safety for children in diagnostic radiology units. This ...
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Current Understanding and Management of Parathyroid Carcinoma
Rodrigo Arrangoiz,
Fernando Cordera,
David Caba,
Manuel Muñoz Juarez,
Eduardo Moreno,
Enrique Luque de Leon
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, May 2017
Pages:
51-61
Received:
30 March 2017
Accepted:
19 April 2017
Published:
31 May 2017
Abstract: Parathyroid adenomas are a very common endocrine entity, whereas parathyroid carcinomas (PC) are extremely rare. With an estimated incidence of 0.015 per 100,000 population and an estimated prevalence of 0.005% in the United States, parathyroid cancer is one of the rarest of all human malignancies. PC is an extremely rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Men and women are equally affected, usually in the fourth or fifth decade of life. The exact etiology has not been identified, but mutations in the CDC73 gene appear to have a critical role in its pathogenesis. The morbidity and mortality of PC is secondary to the hypercalcemia resulting from tumor overproduction of PTH. The primary management objectives are complete removal of the cancer and prevention of recurrences. This review will talk about the epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, and management of PC.
Abstract: Parathyroid adenomas are a very common endocrine entity, whereas parathyroid carcinomas (PC) are extremely rare. With an estimated incidence of 0.015 per 100,000 population and an estimated prevalence of 0.005% in the United States, parathyroid cancer is one of the rarest of all human malignancies. PC is an extremely rare cause of primary hyperpara...
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