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Regional Distribution of Different Types of Human Papillomavirus in Cervixes of Chinese Women: A Meta-analysis
Yue Wang,
Kunpeng Zhang,
Yali Hu,
Hongmei Ma,
Xiuyan Zheng,
Kelu Li,
Yanjuan Xie,
Lijuan Pang,
Lin Tao,
Jianming Hu,
Yan Qi,
Feng Li,
Wenyi Gu,
Hong Zou
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
7-18
Received:
8 June 2018
Accepted:
26 June 2018
Published:
26 July 2018
Abstract: Cervical cancer is a common gynecological malignancy that has shown a gradual increase in morbidity in recent years in China. High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) play a vital role in cervical cancer development and commercial vaccines are available. The overall HPV infection and geographical distribution characteristics of cervical Cancer among Chinese females have not been reported that may guide the application of the vaccines. This study systematically retrieves literature on HPV type and cervical cancer in China published from 2005 to 2017. Data are analyzed according to provinces and administrative areas for the meta-analysis. (1) SPSS17.0 software is used for the statistical data analysis. (2) χ² inspection is also employed to analyze the infection rate of different HPV types of different cervical lesion groups in seven regions of China. Results show that China’s HR-HPV16, 58, 18, 52, 33, 31, 53, 56, 59, 51, 35, and 68 infection rates are 60.49%, 11.16%, 9.68%, 7.05%, 5.61%, 3.62%, 2.88%, 2.32%, 1.96%, 1.74%, 1.53%, and 1.52%, respectively. Differences in the HR-HPV infection rate of cervical cancer were observed among different areas, especially for HPV 31, 33, 52, and 58. The genotypes of the top five HR-HPV infection rates in cervical cancer also show differences in different regions. The results offer a basis for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer in different parts of China. HPV type distribution in relation to cervical cancer varies among different regions and parts of China. Therefore, use of available or development of new vaccines suitable for regional types is necessary to improve the efficacy of the vaccines in preventing the primary HPV infection in different areas of China.
Abstract: Cervical cancer is a common gynecological malignancy that has shown a gradual increase in morbidity in recent years in China. High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) play a vital role in cervical cancer development and commercial vaccines are available. The overall HPV infection and geographical distribution characteristics of cervical Cancer am...
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Factors Associated with Advanced Disease Stage at Diagnosis in a Study of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer
Popoola Abiodun,
Sowunmi Anthonia,
Omodele Foluso,
Odedina Stella
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
19-24
Received:
25 June 2018
Accepted:
6 July 2018
Published:
1 August 2018
Abstract: The objectives of this study is to identify potential predictors of long delay and to examine the association between breast cancer patient delay and stage at diagnosis. Breast cancer stage represents an important prognostic factor and advanced stage is associated with decreased time of disease-free survival and increased mortality rates. Thus, reducing these delays is believed to be of high importance. For the period of this study, February 2017 to January 2018, 171 patients were interviewed, Predictors of breast cancer stage at time of diagnosis was determined by bivariate analysis using ordinal logistic regression. The relationship between each of the independent variables with breast cancer stage was determined. A greater percentage of the study participants were below 50 years of age (52%) and the mean ±SD age was 49.5±11.3 years. The percentage of premenopausal women among the study population was 48.2% while postmenopausal women was 51.8%. BMI of <25 is 32%, 25-29 is 47% while >30 was 20. The odds for advanced breast cancer stage is 2.75 for women who had 1-2 months diagnosis delay compared to women who had below 1 month delay. Those with >2 months diagnosis delay also had higher odds compared to those who had below 1 month delay (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.04 – 4.06). The final ordinal logistic model revealed that variables that remained significant were having moderately differentiated tumour histology grade (aOR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.04 – 0.28), well differentiated tumour histology grade (aOR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.13 – 0.92) and bra cup size C (aOR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.17 – 0.98). Improved screening, awareness and education programs are required by the health care professionals and health policy makers in order to promote early detection of breast cancer to avoid diagnosis at advanced stages.
Abstract: The objectives of this study is to identify potential predictors of long delay and to examine the association between breast cancer patient delay and stage at diagnosis. Breast cancer stage represents an important prognostic factor and advanced stage is associated with decreased time of disease-free survival and increased mortality rates. Thus, red...
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Initial Effects of the SB Natural Anticancer Drug on the Number of NK Cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T Lymphocytes in Human Peripheral Blood
Jong-Hwa Lee,
Yoo-Jin Cho,
Myung-Sup Chae,
Wang-Jae Lee,
U-Hyun Park,
Euishin Edmund Kim
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
25-30
Received:
24 May 2018
Accepted:
19 July 2018
Published:
14 August 2018
Abstract: Most anticancer drugs produce cytotoxicites in cancer cells, but also generate effects in normal cells that create undesirable side effects, especially for immune functioning cells which have already been suppressed by cancer invasion or biological effects. The SB natural anticancer drug is a root extract of the Pulsatilla koreana plant that has been used in Korea as an effective anticancer agent for more than 20 different malignant tumors without triggering significant adverse reactions. We investigated the effects of the SB anticancer drug on human immune cells in cancer patients. 24 consecutive patients, with histologically proven cancers, received SB drug treatments and 20 control patients did not receive SB administrations. Both groups were immunologically tested before and after their SB treatments for 14 days and then weekly for the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th weeks thereafter. The total number of white blood cells with differential counts including monocytes and lymphocytes were checked. Immunoassay and flow cytometry were used to analyse CD4 and CD8 T cell percentages, total cell counts with their ratios, as well as CD16/56 natural killer cell percentages and cell counts. Total white blood cell counts normalized within 10 days after the SB drug administrations. The total lymphocyte counts were slightly increased, but remained within normal parameters. CD4 and CD8 T cells, as well as CD 16/56 NK cell percentages, became normal within 10 days; their total cell counts were initially increased (26.3%, 45.2%, and 16.7%, respectively) and then became normal. The SB drug was found to be effective cytoapoptotically and was also effective for immune cell recovery in cancer patients in their initial period of the SB drug treatment. These were patients who had already had a bone marrow suppression by cancer invasion and/or prior chemotherapy.
Abstract: Most anticancer drugs produce cytotoxicites in cancer cells, but also generate effects in normal cells that create undesirable side effects, especially for immune functioning cells which have already been suppressed by cancer invasion or biological effects. The SB natural anticancer drug is a root extract of the Pulsatilla koreana plant that has be...
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hsa-miR-543 Acts as a Tumor Suppressor by Targeting NMYC
Annada Anil Joshi,
Alka Vishwas Nerurkar,
Neelam Vishwanath Shirsat
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
31-36
Received:
14 July 2018
Accepted:
2 August 2018
Published:
31 August 2018
Abstract: Cancer is a complex human disease involving de-regulation of one or many developmental pathways. Aberrant activation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway, one of the most important developmental pathways, is a common cause of various carcinomas. Therefore, it is possible that potential cancer drugs can be developed by targeting the different nodal points of this signaling pathway. MYCN is a transcription factor of MYC family proto-onco gene. N-Myc over expression is known to be associated with various childhood tumors like neuroblastomas, medulloblastomas and prostate and lungs cancers in adults. MicroRNAs are short non-protein coding RNAs that bring about translational repression of the target gene by binding to its 3’UTR. Reports show that microRNAs play a significant role in carcinogenesis by acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Oncogenic potential of hsa-miR-543 has been shown in prostate and cervical cancers, whereas, it tumor suppressive role has been reported in gliomas and colorectal cancers. Neuroblastoma patients show allelic loss of chromosome 14q, where miR-543 is located indicating the possibility of miR-543 playing an important role in neuroblastoma progression and prognosis. In the current study, we demonstrated that over-expression of miR-543 down-regulates the endogenous expression of N-Myc in HEK293FT cells. Also, it is shown to target FZD4, thereby, indirectly affecting the expression of other downstream genes of Wnt signaling including CTNNB1, TCF4 and LEF1. Therefore, our results suggest that miR-543 plays a significant role in suppressing the carcinomas resulted due to the over-expression of N-Myc and/or activation of Wnt pathway and may prove to be a potential target for novel cancer therapy.
Abstract: Cancer is a complex human disease involving de-regulation of one or many developmental pathways. Aberrant activation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway, one of the most important developmental pathways, is a common cause of various carcinomas. Therefore, it is possible that potential cancer drugs can be developed by targeting the different nodal po...
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