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An Economic Analysis of Apiculture Practices in Zambia
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
330-336
Received:
10 May 2015
Accepted:
23 May 2015
Published:
13 June 2015
Abstract: The study was conducted to investigate the cost of production, net income and creation of employment in apiculture practices in the Central Province of Zambia. The study aims to find out the type of technology used in honey production, cost of honey production, price of honey, net income and income to investment ratio. Further, it aims to know the employment creation potential, employment to investment ratio and income to employment ratio in apiculture practices. The study revealed that the effect of apiculture practices on net income and employment was positive. The imputed value of family labor was higher in total cost of production and the price of honey sold was the only source of revenue. The income to investment ratio was higher and the cost-output ratio was lower. The employment to investment ratio and the income to employment ratio were higher. The study found several challenges to apiculture practices. These include lack of appropriate beekeeping skills, financial and infrastructure constraints. The study suggested for establishing bee farmers’ co-operative associations for access to loan, marketing, training the beekeeping farmers in using modern techniques of honey production and get inputs from the government and non-government organizations. The study also suggested for the establishment of an accredited certifying institute for national honey standard to sell at premium price within the country and to export.
Abstract: The study was conducted to investigate the cost of production, net income and creation of employment in apiculture practices in the Central Province of Zambia. The study aims to find out the type of technology used in honey production, cost of honey production, price of honey, net income and income to investment ratio. Further, it aims to know the ...
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“Middle Income Trap”; The Position of Algerian Economy: A Comparative Analysis Overview
Allaoui elhassen,
Tidjani chems eddine,
Lacheheb miloud
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
337-346
Received:
26 May 2015
Accepted:
7 June 2015
Published:
19 June 2015
Abstract: Economic history has shown that few middle-income countries have successfully attained high-income level. Effective transition from middle to high-income level requires an efficient resource use, private sector improvement, productivity enhancement, and technology based rather than labor based production. Failure of doing so, undoubtedly, leads to income trap, whereas a country caught in middle-income level for a long period. Therefore, this paper attempts to highlight the Algerian economy patterns since its independence to current position with regard to middle-income trap criteria, likewise, reasoning the causes that headed Algeria to middle income trap for over 30 years. Moreover, this paper goes further ahead in cross-country evidence of how Algeria compares with peer countries from MENA region. Likewise our results shows that the Algerian economy has better position than Egypt and Yemen. However, Algeria is still behind UAE that classified in high-income level, where Algeria has known a slow growth rate during the last 50 years. Finally, remedies are suggested as a way out from middle-income trap, and to promote high growth rate in order to achieve high-income level in the future.
Abstract: Economic history has shown that few middle-income countries have successfully attained high-income level. Effective transition from middle to high-income level requires an efficient resource use, private sector improvement, productivity enhancement, and technology based rather than labor based production. Failure of doing so, undoubtedly, leads to ...
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A Mathematical Model for Optimizing Sales Mark-Up Price and Service Charge in a Profit-Maximizing Firm
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
347-351
Received:
5 May 2015
Accepted:
12 June 2015
Published:
29 June 2015
Abstract: In the world of commerce and industry, every business outfit seeks to maximize its profit. The optimal values of sales mark-up price and service charge sustain this objective. This is true since some firms could sell their products for cash or for no money down with cost spread over some period of equal payments. Thus, the firm’s income comes from sales and the service charges collected on time payment accounts. In most cases, based on each firm’s experience, sales marked-up price and service charge were randomly fixed. In this paper, I present a mathematical model for optimizing sales mark-up price and service charge in a profit-maximizing firm. Testing the model on real life problems confirms that the model is accurate. The numerical results show that the model is amenable to financial analysis and computer automation.
Abstract: In the world of commerce and industry, every business outfit seeks to maximize its profit. The optimal values of sales mark-up price and service charge sustain this objective. This is true since some firms could sell their products for cash or for no money down with cost spread over some period of equal payments. Thus, the firm’s income comes from ...
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Job Satisfaction Effecting Factors of Employees in Bangladesh Banking Sector
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
352-357
Received:
9 June 2015
Accepted:
17 June 2015
Published:
2 July 2015
Abstract: Satisfaction of employees with their job is considered one of the key factors for the success of an organization. The job satisfaction has got tremendous attention in organizational research. The focus of this study is to determine the impact of various human resource management practices like job autonomy, team work environment and leadership behavior on job satisfaction. It also investigates the major determinants of job satisfaction in Bangladeshi banking sector. This study further evaluates the level of difference in job satisfaction among male and female employees. The sample of the study consisted of 450 employees working in different branches of bank in Bangladesh through the questionnaire, of which 295 were returned and processed. SPSS was used to analyze the data, using independent sample T test, Correlation and regression analysis. There is a positive and significant link between job satisfaction and human recourse management practices like team work environment, job autonomy and behavior of leadership. From the findings of the study, it is also inferred that male and female workers have significantly different level of job satisfaction.
Abstract: Satisfaction of employees with their job is considered one of the key factors for the success of an organization. The job satisfaction has got tremendous attention in organizational research. The focus of this study is to determine the impact of various human resource management practices like job autonomy, team work environment and leadership beha...
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Cluster Development Models: Challenges and Opportunities
Md. Joynal Abdin,
Md. Mizanur Rahman
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
358-366
Received:
24 June 2015
Accepted:
29 June 2015
Published:
10 July 2015
Abstract: Clusters are the concentration of homogeneous enterprises producing similar products or providing identical services along with relevant backward and forward linkage enterprises in a particular geographic location sharing common opportunities and threats. Clusters are mainly two types based of their origin i.e. naturally grown and manmade clusters. Cluster development practitioners, experts, stakeholder organizations introduced a long list of cluster development models for guiding a cluster manager into his / her predetermined goal of cluster development. Notable models are provided by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Cluster Navigator – New Zealand, Cluster Plus – India, TCI Network – USA and European Cluster Observatory etc. None of the above mentioned model is fully implementable in a least developed country like Bangladesh. Bangladesh has limitations in terms of financial ability, technical knowledge, technological and managerial capacity to dedicate resources for cluster development. In Bangladesh enterprises are located at a particular location like cluster; but they do not have interlink either vertically or horizontally with each other. They are not sharing competitive advantages between them rather competing with each other’s. As a result they are not enjoying expected growth by using advantages of a cluster. Therefore authors would like to analyze most of the available cluster development models and offer a new model titled J. M Model for Cluster Development. This model would be pro-poor, flexible and equally effective in any least developed country and developed economies as well. Basically, the model offered here is the result of the experiences of both the authors from needs assessment for cluster development and development initiatives for about thirty heterogeneous clusters located in different districts of Bangladesh. Each of the SME clusters are unique in nature with diverse opportunities and challenges. To address each of the challenge of cluster development the model shall be flexible enough for adopting tailor made intervention as and when required. This model will lead a practitioner into his or her predetermined goal of developing a naturally grown or man-made cluster.
Abstract: Clusters are the concentration of homogeneous enterprises producing similar products or providing identical services along with relevant backward and forward linkage enterprises in a particular geographic location sharing common opportunities and threats. Clusters are mainly two types based of their origin i.e. naturally grown and manmade clusters....
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Connecting 9/11 to the Financial Crisis
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
367-390
Received:
2 July 2015
Accepted:
14 July 2015
Published:
22 July 2015
Abstract: This paper summarizes and analyzes research on the economic impact of United States fiscal and monetary policy in the wake of the 9/11-terrorist attacks. Therein, it attempts to connect this tragedy to the financial crisis of the late-2000s, which is still not fully understood. The large number of factors identified by numerous experts as the causes for the collapse of the financial system makes the crisis a difficult topic to study. This analysis provides a stepping-stone for any further research in that it helps explain how the factors that led to the crisis were created in the first place. Expert opinions, academic studies, as well as both a Cobb-Douglas production function and one of the newest specifications of the Taylor Rule are looked at throughout this paper. While the latter model shows how monetary policy should have been determined throughout the 2000s, the former helps to analyze the impact of fiscal policy after 9/11 on monetary policy. Based on the research and analysis presented in this paper, we can conclude that the factors that caused the collapse of the financial system were largely impacted by government spending in response to the terrorist attacks and monetary policy between 2001 and 2008. This conclusion implies that the crisis could have been minimized if not prevented altogether.
Abstract: This paper summarizes and analyzes research on the economic impact of United States fiscal and monetary policy in the wake of the 9/11-terrorist attacks. Therein, it attempts to connect this tragedy to the financial crisis of the late-2000s, which is still not fully understood. The large number of factors identified by numerous experts as the cause...
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Role of Tendering Process on Performance of Public Institutions: A Case Study of Nakuru County Government
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
391-405
Received:
1 July 2015
Accepted:
13 July 2015
Published:
29 July 2015
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to determine the role of tendering process on performance of public institutions. The study was guided by the following specific objectives. To assess the role of transparency resulting from tendering process on the performance of public institutions, to establish the role of accountability resulting from tendering process on the performance of public institutions, to find out the role of quality resulting from tendering process on the performance of public institutions, to determine the role of lead time resulting from tendering process on the performance of public institution. A case study design was adopted for the study. The study targeted 43 procurement officers from 10 ministries in Nakuru County Headquarters. Census technique was applied. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that the level of transparency in the county government was good. They further revealed that transparency reduced corruption during tendering process hence resulting to enhanced performance in public institutions. Further the researcher found out that Public administration on tendering process leads to accountability during the tendering process and hence positive performance of public institutions. The research findings also revealed that high lead time variability due to tendering was a major reason for the institutions inability to achieve inventory goals and hence affecting the performance of public institutions negatively. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended that the organization employees to be more transparent in the tendering process, the organization puts in place measures to enhance transparency during the process and also to minimize lead time to enhance the speedy delivery in the organization and thus enhance overall organization performance of the organization. The researcher recommended a further research to be carried out on the role played of other alternative procurement methods on performance of public institutions. Further studies should be conducted on the critical success factors of tendering in public institutions.
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to determine the role of tendering process on performance of public institutions. The study was guided by the following specific objectives. To assess the role of transparency resulting from tendering process on the performance of public institutions, to establish the role of accountability resulting from tendering proc...
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A Comparison of Small Businesses Costs and Returns in Developing Socioeconomic: A Study in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Leaksmy Chhay,
Md Manik Mian,
Rathny Suy
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
406-410
Received:
1 August 2015
Accepted:
10 August 2015
Published:
19 August 2015
Abstract: In Cambodia, a large portion of the population is associated with small business instead of paid Employees, which contributes a major share of the country's economy. Recently, small business priority has grown higher than conventional agriculture practice and service sector. This study tries to analyze the investment costs and returns of three small businesses (Recycling shop, Antique shop and Small Restaurant) in Cambodia. Standard financial tools and techniques were used to determine investment costs and returns of specific business over five-year period of time. The sensitivity analysis of investment return was conducted by using internal rate of return and net present value analysis;return of investment was used to determine annual return and payback time, five years benefits and costs ratio were analyzed to evaluate five-year performance of return of each business. The sensitivity analysis shows that, antique shop has a higher internal rate of return 30.784% than recycling shop 25.362% and small restaurant 26.496% and at 20% discount rate the net present value is bigger for antique shop. The annual return of investment shows an increasing trend for selective three businesses and exhibit profit gain after five-year period of time, however the longer payback period (2.6 years) of the antique shop consider comparatively risky business than recycling shop and small restaurant. Five years' net benefits and costs ratio are higher for small restaurant 1.1684, whereas antique shop and recycling shop are 1.1631 and 1.1604. The high increasing discount rate of antique shop is indicating higher benefit and cost ratio in the future. From the result of the financial analysis, it is suggested that, selective three businesses can perform well in terms of gain profit and profitability, so these could be effective business practice for the developing socioeconomic of Cambodia.
Abstract: In Cambodia, a large portion of the population is associated with small business instead of paid Employees, which contributes a major share of the country's economy. Recently, small business priority has grown higher than conventional agriculture practice and service sector. This study tries to analyze the investment costs and returns of three smal...
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