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Electrolyte Levels Analysis on Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Noongan Regional General Hospital, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Diana Shintawati Purwanto,
Yanti Meilen Mewo,
Edmond Leonard Jim,
Richardo Jordan Laloan,
Hessyani Patrisia Theodora Raranta,
Billy Johnson Kepel
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
54-60
Received:
16 October 2020
Accepted:
16 November 2020
Published:
19 November 2020
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia caused by defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, that affect the action of insulin on the target tissue. North Sulawesi is in the top 5 of 34 provinces in Indonesia with the highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus, based on the results of the 2018 Basic Health Research. The relationship between blood glucose and electrolytes is very complex, so there are still few studies looking for the relationship between the two in diabetes mellitus patients. This study aimed to find out the association between electrolytes levels (serum sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium) and fasting blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted in April-September 2020 at Noongan Regional Hospital, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Demographic data including age, sex, symptoms, and oral anti-diabetic medication/insulin administration were collected, and then physical examination including body mass index was carried out. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Spearman Rank tests were used for statistical analysis. There is an inverse correlation between fasting blood glucose and serum sodium, chloride, and magnesium, but not significant. As for potassium, there is a direct correlation, but also not significant. In conclusion, only potassium has a positive correlation with fasting blood glucose, while other electrolytes have a negative correlation, however all of correlations are not significant.
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia caused by defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, that affect the action of insulin on the target tissue. North Sulawesi is in the top 5 of 34 provinces in Indonesia with the highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus, based on the results of the 2018 Basic Health R...
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Alteration of Ferritin Levels and Lymphocytes Counts in Saudi Patients with COVID-19 Infection in Al Madinah Al Munawarah
Walaa Mohammedsaeed,
Amal M. Surrati,
Hadiah Q. Alnakhli,
Malak Alharbi,
Nidda Syeed
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
61-66
Received:
12 November 2020
Accepted:
27 November 2020
Published:
4 December 2020
Abstract: It is an essential to evaluate the potential biomarkers affecting the progression of disease in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between Ferritin levels and hematological parameters and severity of COVID-19 to explore its role in predicting the severity of COVID-19. This retrospective study was conducted in different Hospitals at Madinah region, Saudi Arabia. In the present study, a total of 112 cases of COVID-19 patients. The patient records included the clinical and laboratory data that was used for analysis by using the GraphPad Prism Software. Data presented as mean (SD), all differences were statistically significant at the level of P≤0.05 or ≤0.001. There were significantly increased levels of ferritin, neutrophil and leukocyte counts in severe COVID-19 cases (1857 (50.9), 9.9 (2.8), 9.9 (2.8) respectively) compared with non-sever cases. Additionally, there were significantly reduction in lymphocytes counts in COVID-19 patients (1.3 (9.5), P=0.001). There were also strong correlations between elevation of ferritin levels or reduction of lymphocytes and the severity COVID-19 infection (r=0.53, OR: 5.88 and r=-0.55, OR: 3.98 respectively). The results demonstrate that high values for neutrophil, leukocyte counts and Ferritin levels, and low values for lymphocyte counts may have diagnostic properties concerning COVID-19 in severe cases.
Abstract: It is an essential to evaluate the potential biomarkers affecting the progression of disease in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between Ferritin levels and hematological parameters and severity of COVID-19 to explore its role in predicting the severity of COVID-19. This retrospective study was conducted in different H...
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Assessing the Effect of Dietary Nursing Intervention on Nutritional Status of Diabetes and Kidney Disease Patients Who Are Treated by Hemodialysis
Huixia Yu,
Huanhuan Liu,
Jie Huang,
Wulin Wang,
Guiyan Wen
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
67-70
Received:
1 December 2020
Accepted:
9 December 2020
Published:
16 December 2020
Abstract: Objective: To assess the Effect of dietary nursing intervention on nutritional status of diabetes and kidney disease patients who are treated by hemodialysis. Methods: 80 patients who are diagnosed as diabetes or kidney disease and are treated by hemodialysis are invited to join our study. all participants were randomly assigned to two groups. In control group, the participants receive the common nursing intervention service. In intervention group, expect of common nursing intervention service, we provide additional dietary nursing intervention service. We record some index of participants that include water electrolyte index, nutritional status indicator, blood glucose levels and renal function index. Additionally, we use World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) to collect quality of life assessment. Result: In water electrolyte index research, the intervention group has lower index that that of control group in blood calcium, blood phosphorus and blood potassium. In assessment of nutritional status, intervention group participants have better performance than that of control group. In the assessment of blood glucose levels and renal function, intervention group participants have better blood glucose levels and renal function than that of control group. In quality of life assessment, the quality of life of the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: the dietary nursing intervention can effectively improve some physiological aspects during the maintenance hemodialysis treatment of patients with diabetic nephropathy, that include: correct the disorder of water and electrolyte, reduce the risk of malnutrition, control blood sugar, improve renal function and improve the quality of life.
Abstract: Objective: To assess the Effect of dietary nursing intervention on nutritional status of diabetes and kidney disease patients who are treated by hemodialysis. Methods: 80 patients who are diagnosed as diabetes or kidney disease and are treated by hemodialysis are invited to join our study. all participants were randomly assigned to two groups. In c...
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Pattern of Electrolytes Including Calcium and Magnesium Imbalance with Etiology Assessment in Patients Admitted in Endocrine Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Shahin Ibn Rahman,
Milton Barua,
Nausher Azimul Huq,
Bimol Kumar Agarwala,
Muhbubunnesa Sadia
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
71-76
Received:
10 November 2020
Accepted:
25 November 2020
Published:
22 December 2020
Abstract: Objectives: Several endocrine disorders have marked effects on fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis including diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, and acute adrenal crisis etc. An understanding of the etiology behind the development of these electrolytes along with calcium and magnesium imbalance helps to guide therapy and improves the clinical outcome. The aim of this study to see the pattern of electrolytes, calcium and magnesium imbalance with etiology assessment in patients admitted in endocrine department of a tertiary care hospital. Study design and methods: This cross sectional observational study was carried out from January 2018 to December 2018, at in-patient department of Endocrinology, BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka. Diagnosed (old and new) cases of diabetic and other endocrine disorders having electrolytes, calcium and magnesium imbalance were approached for sinclusion of the study. Sampling technique was purposively selected focusing on demographic profile and diagnosis of the disease. Results: Among the 100 participants, mean age of the study population was 46.26±16.97 years, ranging from 14 to 75 years. There were 50%-male and 50%-female. In result the most common electrolyte imbalance was hyponatremia (36%) that was more in type-2 DM patients (n=25) then in Addison’s disease (n=4) and rest are in other specific form of DM (n=3), type-1 DM (n=2), DM with hypoparathyroidism (n=1) and hypoparathyroidism (n=1) which may be due to SIADH. Followed by hypokalemia (14%) which mostly encountered in type-2 DM patient (n=6) due to diuretics and in Conn’s syndrome (n=4), hyperkalemia (10%) which mostly observed in type-1 DM patient (n=4) due to DKA, and hypercalcemia (8%) was found in non-diabetic endocrine disorders. Hypernatremia, hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia were present in 7%, in 6%, and 6% cases, respectively. The most common precipitating cause of these electrolyte imbalances was vomiting (30%) due to different causes like urinary tract infection; acute gastritis and pancreatitis. Diuretic (Loop & Thiazide) therapy (10%) and HHS (8%) were the second and third most common cause behind these electrolytes imbalance Conclusion: In conclusion data obtained in this study showed hyponatremia was the most common findings which more observed in diabetic patients. As vomiting is the most common cause behind this so any diabetic patients either present with vomiting or any other illness should routinely advice electrolytes along with magnesium as hypomagnesemia also more observed in this group. To find out the cause of hypokalemia in non-diabetic patients should evaluate the Conn’s syndrome and don’t forget to measure the parathyroid hormone in hypercalcemic patient. Further study is needed to find out the causes of vomiting.
Abstract: Objectives: Several endocrine disorders have marked effects on fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis including diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, and acute adrenal crisis etc. An understanding of the etiology behind the development of these electrolytes along with calcium and magnesium imbalance helps to guide therapy ...
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Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated with Erectile Dysfunction in Men with Type 2 Diabetes
Shahjada Selim,
Hafiza Lona
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
77-82
Received:
2 December 2020
Accepted:
17 December 2020
Published:
22 December 2020
Abstract: Background and aims: Evidence suggests strong a relationship of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) with erectile dysfunction (ED) in men. The prevalence and long-term complications of diabetes are being recognize more increasingly that has the possible association again with VDD. Thus, the study aimed to find out the association between VDD and ED among Bangladeshi adult men with type 2 diabetes. Materials & Methods: This nested case-control study recruited 2860 adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who had ED (aging between 30 - 69 years). The patients who found to have normal vitamin D level, were taken as control and those had VDD, were categorized as the case. The study was conducted in eight diabetes care centers of Bangladesh. Socio-demographic and personal information of the respondents were collected by face-to-face interview and disease-specific data were recorded from the patient’s diabetic record book. The bodyweight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure were also recorded. Fasting blood sample was collected to estimate serum levels of vitamin D, glucose, and free testosterone. Results: The diabetes patients with ED had more severe VDD [(25 OH)D <10 ng/mL] than the controls (61.28% and 62.16%, respectively). The more severe form of ED found in the lower levels of serum vitamin D. A linear relationship of VDD was found with ED [OR 2.83, CI 2.36, 3.97] in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is an independent risk factor of ED in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and severity of ED is linearly associated with the degree of deficiency of vitamin D.
Abstract: Background and aims: Evidence suggests strong a relationship of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) with erectile dysfunction (ED) in men. The prevalence and long-term complications of diabetes are being recognize more increasingly that has the possible association again with VDD. Thus, the study aimed to find out the association between VDD and ED among Ba...
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Knowledge and Practice of Physicians to Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy: A Nationwide Survey in Bangladesh
Shahjada Selim,
Rezaul Karim Kazal,
ABM Kamrul-Hasan
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
83-88
Received:
3 December 2020
Accepted:
16 December 2020
Published:
25 December 2020
Abstract: The frequency of hyperglycemia in pregnancy is high in Bangladesh, but very little is known about the current knowledge and practice about hyperglycemia in pregnancy in our practicing doctors. The objective of the present study was to assess the knowledge and practice of the doctors across the country who are involved in the management of hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Structured pretested data collection sheets were sent to the doctors taking care of hyperglycemia in pregnancy (endocrinologists, obstetricians, and others) through email and postage. The questionnaire focused on their knowledge and practice pattern on hyperglycemia in pregnancy. In total, 950 doctors of Bangladesh were invited to join the survey, and 262 (24.89%) responded. Among the participants, 42.3% (111) were endocrinologists, 27.10% (71) obstetrician/gynecologist, and 30.53% (80) were other physicians, including internists, diabetes family physicians. The majority of the participants were aware of hyperglycemia's adverse outcomes in pregnancy, advocates universal screening, and followed the American Diabetes Association’s recommendations for the screening purpose. Though most of them use insulin to manage hyperglycemia in pregnancy, more than half prefer to continue metformin if used for other causes. The majority of the responders favored the Caesarian section as the preferred delivery method. The study participants admit that more than half of the gestational diabetes cases are lost to follow up after delivery. This study's findings may serve as a baseline for the management of hyperglycemia in pregnancy in this country. The doctors involved in managing hyperglycemia in pregnancy require more training for knowledge building and rational practice.
Abstract: The frequency of hyperglycemia in pregnancy is high in Bangladesh, but very little is known about the current knowledge and practice about hyperglycemia in pregnancy in our practicing doctors. The objective of the present study was to assess the knowledge and practice of the doctors across the country who are involved in the management of hyperglyc...
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Factors Determining Thyroid Status in Pregnant Women in Bulgaria
Anna-Maria Borissova,
Boyana Trifonova,
Lilia Dakovska,
Eugenia Michaylova,
Mircho Vukov
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
89-95
Received:
23 November 2020
Accepted:
8 December 2020
Published:
31 December 2020
Abstract: Thyroid dysfunction occurs in 5-18% of pregnant women and is associated with a higher risk of various gynecological and obstetric complications and these differences are due to the specific characteristic of the study population. The aim of the present study is to analyze the population of pregnant women in Bulgaria regarding the main parameters that are relevant to their thyroid status - age, sequence of pregnancy, reproductive problems, family history of thyroid disease, body mass index. Material: We studied 547 pregnant women, mean age 30±5 years. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional multicenter population-based in 10 regions of Bulgaria or a total of 84 settlements. Methods: An individual Questionnaire was completed, determined in a central laboratory with ECLIA method TSH, FT4, TPOAb and ultrasound examination of the cervical region was conducted. Statistical processing of the material was performed using the standard SPSS 13.0 for Windows. Results: TSH levels are negatively correlated with age, P<0.07. The thyroid volume for the group of women with first pregnancy (n-245, 44.8%) is 8.67±2.23 mL, median 8.35 mL, and the thyroid volume in the remaining 302 (55.2%) women with another pregnancy is 9.15±2.85 mL, median 8.96 mL (P<0.01). Reproductive problems were reported in 119 (21.8%) pregnant women, but the correlation with TSH levels was weak, P<0.009. In 25% of women with family history of thyroid pathology there are abnormalities in thyroid function (in 96.4% hypothyroidism and in 3.6% hyperthyroidism). While in euthyroid pregnant women previous obesity was present in 8.6% (30/350), in hypothyroid pregnant women it was found in 12.7% (14/110), P<0.035. In other words, BMI before pregnancy is a significant predictor of hypothyroidism, proven during pregnancy. Conclusion: The preliminary in-depth study and presentation of the characteristics of the studied Bulgarian population of pregnant women is the basis for a proper assessment of the condition of the thyroid gland.
Abstract: Thyroid dysfunction occurs in 5-18% of pregnant women and is associated with a higher risk of various gynecological and obstetric complications and these differences are due to the specific characteristic of the study population. The aim of the present study is to analyze the population of pregnant women in Bulgaria regarding the main parameters th...
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