Scaling of Total Metabolic, Gravitational and Heat Energy of Living Organisms, Earth and Sun
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3-1, June 2015
Pages:
1-10
Received:
15 February 2015
Accepted:
12 March 2015
Published:
14 July 2015
Abstract: The gravitational energy, total metabolic energy and heat energy of living organisms, Earth and Sun are scaled. Statistical analyses have shown that nearly a linear relationship between the total metabolic energy per lifespan of Poikilothermic organisms (Pls, kJ), total heat energy (THEE, kJ) of the Earth and the body mass (M, kg) of Poikilotherms and Earth (ME, kg) in log-log plots holds: Pls= 1.696×105 M0.949 with R2= 0.996. A similar relationship between the total metabolic energy of Homoitherms Mammals and Aves (Pls, kJ), the total heat energy of Sun (emitted over Earth surface per Earth’s lifespan) (THES, kJ), and body mass (M, kg) of Mammals, Aves and Earth (ME, kg) holds: Pls = 10.2×105 M1.023 with R2= 0.996. The metabolic potential of living organisms, gravitational and heat potential of Earth and Sun are scaled too. The gravitational and ‘heat’ potential of Earth are emerging as a lower limit of lifespan metabolic potentials of unicellular organisms, while the gravitational and ‘heat’ potential of Sun are emerging as an upper limit of lifespan metabolic potentials of multicellular organisms (Poikilotherms, Mammals and Aves). The relationships between mass-energy characteristics of living organisms, Earth and Sun show that gravitational and heat energy of Earth and Sun determine maximum and minimum total metabolic energy (per lifespan) of living organisms, while the gravitational and ‘heat’ potentials of Earth and Sun determine their maximum and minimum lifespan metabolic potentials.
Abstract: The gravitational energy, total metabolic energy and heat energy of living organisms, Earth and Sun are scaled. Statistical analyses have shown that nearly a linear relationship between the total metabolic energy per lifespan of Poikilothermic organisms (Pls, kJ), total heat energy (THEE, kJ) of the Earth and the body mass (M, kg) of Poikilotherms ...
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Synthesis, Characterization and Radiolabeling of Bortezomib with 99mTC
Ravi Ranjan Kumar,
Devinder Kumar Dhawan,
Anshoo Malhotra
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3-1, June 2015
Pages:
11-14
Received:
30 April 2015
Accepted:
1 May 2015
Published:
14 July 2015
Abstract: The development of new specific diagnostic radiopharmaceutical is the need of the hour for the timely management of cancer patients. At present, available radiopharmaceuticals are not much specific for tumor imaging. The present study was conducted to radiolabel bortezomib with technetium-99m ([99m]Tc). Labelling was performed by both direct as well as indirect methods and the developed radiotracer was subjected to quality control tests. The labelling efficiency of [99m]Tc-bortezomib was estimated to be more than 39%. with direct method. On the other hand, indirect method using protein albumin as ligand resulted in net binding of 41 %. The present study resulted in successfully labelling of target specific anticancer drug Bortezomib by both direct as well as indirect methods. This newly developed radiotracer has promising avenues for early detection of deadly disease of cancer. The radiotracer, however, needs further validation through animal experimentation and clinical studies.
Abstract: The development of new specific diagnostic radiopharmaceutical is the need of the hour for the timely management of cancer patients. At present, available radiopharmaceuticals are not much specific for tumor imaging. The present study was conducted to radiolabel bortezomib with technetium-99m ([99m]Tc). Labelling was performed by both direct as wel...
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