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Surface Free Energy of Photon echo on DNA Molecules: Theoretical Study
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
16-19
Received:
12 June 2020
Accepted:
23 June 2020
Published:
8 September 2020
Abstract: We have study here the topological properties as w ell as the elastic and thermodynamical properties of DNA molecules from an analysis of an antiferromagnetic spin chain system. The topological property such as the linking number can be derived from the Chem-Simons topology associated with a quantum spin and two indistinguishable fermions are made relatively diverse earlier entanglement, through giving one qubit spin to one of them done the circularly split attractive field that plays the character of shifting the path of quantization axis. Therefore the reverberation arise and the spin must development the transformation of entangled state from symmetric to antisymmetric state finished the closed path. This spin of the attractive field efficiently corresponds near the variation in the path of the flux line. It is exposed that the entanglement of two DNA molecule place spin-echo to one of them marks the transform of Berry phase that can be exact as a analyse of entanglement photon echo technique. If we apply this technique to one spinor previously entanglement by other then the Berry phase is surrounded in the entangled state, consequential the exclusion of dynamical time. This is found to be in good agreement with the thermodynamic entropy as entanglement entropy, charge of encircle a inelastic polymer string bounded by a fine tube.
Abstract: We have study here the topological properties as w ell as the elastic and thermodynamical properties of DNA molecules from an analysis of an antiferromagnetic spin chain system. The topological property such as the linking number can be derived from the Chem-Simons topology associated with a quantum spin and two indistinguishable fermions are made ...
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Potential Adverse Effect of Ultrasound on the Electroretinogram of Retina and the Protective Role of Different Types of Antioxidants
Ayman Ahmed,
Mervat Ahmed Ali,
Mona Mostafa Gamal,
Abdel Sattar Mohamed Sallam,
Elsayed Mahmoud Elsayed
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
20-25
Received:
19 August 2020
Accepted:
5 September 2020
Published:
24 September 2020
Abstract: Background: Applications of ultrasound in medicine for therapeutic purposes have been an accepted and beneficial use of ultrasonic biological effects for many years but exposure to ultrasound can generate oxidative stress. Aim: The aim of the present study is to investigate the changes in the function of the retina due to ultrasound exposure and the protecting role of vitamin C and/or β-carotene by using electroretinogram (ERG). Materials and Methods: Newzealand albino rabbits of both sexes classified into five groups. Group (I) used as control group. The eyes of group (II) Insonificated with continuous ultrasound waves (1.5 W/cm2 at 2.8 MHz) for 20, 40 and 60 minutes. Group (III) was insonificated with vitamin C instillation and group (IV) insonificated after -carotene supplementation. Group (V) was insonificated after combination of the two treatments. Results: Statistically significant reduction (P˂ 0.05) in a- waves amplitude after insonification and exceeding with increase exposure time 20, 40 and 60 min was observed. The amplitudes of a-wave after treatment with topical and supplemented or both remained significantly larger compared with those exposure to US only but its latency lower than that found in insonified groups. In addition, the b-waves were found to follow the same behavior as a-wave. Conclusion: The study recommended considering oral β-carotene antioxidant in combination with vitamin C eye drops as a medical tool and personal protective in ultrasound equipment in provide safety.
Abstract: Background: Applications of ultrasound in medicine for therapeutic purposes have been an accepted and beneficial use of ultrasonic biological effects for many years but exposure to ultrasound can generate oxidative stress. Aim: The aim of the present study is to investigate the changes in the function of the retina due to ultrasound exposure and th...
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Large Mammals Diversity Assessment in Chilalo-Galema National Park, Ethiopia
Girma Lema,
Mesele Admassu
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
26-34
Received:
27 November 2019
Accepted:
18 December 2019
Published:
24 September 2020
Abstract: A study on the assessment of species diversity of large mammals was conducted in Chilalo Galema Mountain in east Arsi administrative zone from February 2019 to September 2019. The aim of this study was to assess large mammalian species diversity and human-wildlife conflict in Chilalo-Galema Mountain National Park. Line transects and observation methods were used to collect data. Twenty six transect lines were laid, varied in length from 1.41km to 4.34km. Transect width ranged from 200m to 400m. In this study both primary and secondary data were used. Direct observation, body parts, vocalization and indirect evidences such as footprints, burrowing and droppings were used to collect data on diversity of large mammals. Observation and direct count of animals were made during 6:00-10:00 a.m. in the morning and 3:00-6:00 p.m. in the late afternoon when most mammals were active. Species diversity of large mammals was calculated using the Shannon-Weaver index of diversity. The evenness of mammalian species was calculated as J=H’/H’max where H’max=ln(s). 28 species that belong to seven Orders (Primates, Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Hyracoidea, Tubulidentata, Rodentia and Lagomorpha) were identified and recorded during the study. Out of the 252 recorded mammals 26 (10.08%) were order primates, 50 (19.38%) were order carnivora, 1 (0.39%) were order hyracoidea, 6 (2.33%) were order tubulidentata, 164 (63.57%) were artiodactyla, 8 (3.10%) were rodentia and 2 (0.78%) were lagomorpha. Mammalian fauna of the Chilalo Galema Mountain was dominated by two groups of orders, the most abundant orders; namely, order artiodactyla and order carnivora, which contain 164 (63.57%) and 50 (19.38%) mammals respectively. The least abundant was order hyracoidean with 1 (0.39%) recorded mammal. So, Chilalo-Galema is rich in mammalian species diversity and needs conservation measures.
Abstract: A study on the assessment of species diversity of large mammals was conducted in Chilalo Galema Mountain in east Arsi administrative zone from February 2019 to September 2019. The aim of this study was to assess large mammalian species diversity and human-wildlife conflict in Chilalo-Galema Mountain National Park. Line transects and observation met...
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Evaluation of Different Fungicides Efficacy Against Net Blotch (Pyrenophorateres) and Leaf Rust (Pucciniahordei) Diseases of Barley, South-Eastern Ethiopia
Tamene Mideksa,
Zerihun Eshetu
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
35-42
Received:
27 July 2020
Accepted:
8 August 2020
Published:
28 September 2020
Abstract: Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most important staple food crops in the highlands of Ethiopia. However, the production and productivity of barley are constrained by various a biotic and biotic stresses. Among the biotic stresses, barley net blotch and leaf rust are the most destructive diseases of barley. The field experiment was conducted at three locations (Sinana, Robe and Goba) for two consecutive years (2017 and 2018) crop growing seasons. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different fungicides for the management of barley net blotch and leaf rust diseases. Treatments were composed of one highly susceptible barley variety (Guta) to major barley diseases and seven systemic foliar fungicides (Tilt250EC (PropiconazoleEC), RexDuo (Epoxiconazole+Thiophanatemethyl), AmistarXtra280SC (Azoxystrodin+Cyproconazole), OperaMax (F500 (85G/L)) (Pyraclostrobin+Epoxiconazole), Natura250EC (Tebuconazole250EC), Nativo300SC (Tebuconazole50%+Trifloxystrobin75WG), Artea330EC (Propiconazole+Cyproconazole) and untreated plot (control) were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The present study revealed that Tilt 250 EC and Artea 330 EC fungicides provided significant grain yield increment over untreated plot (control) across the three sites. The highest grain yield obtained from plots treated by Tilt 250 EC (2778.9 kgha-1) and Artea 330 EC (2538.9 kgha-1), which was 40% and 35% higher than the untreated control, respectively. The most effective among all tested fungicides, Artea 330 EC and Tilt 250 EC applied at the rate of 0.5 litre per hectare which reached 98.63% and 94.54% efficacy in controlling barley rust disease, respectively. Likewise, Tilt 250 EC and Artea 330 EC also relatively reduced net blotch disease severity to the lowest level. Likely, Tilt 250 EC and Artea 330 EC revealed that 11.4 quintal ha-1 and 9 quintal ha-1 yield advantage over untreated plot (control). The highest net benefit obtained from the application of Tilt 250 EC followed by Artea 330 EC fungicides as compared to the untreated plot. The application of Tilt 250 EC and Artea 330 EC fungicides gave maximum economic profitability with an attractive acceptable return to control leaf rust and a net blotch of barley. One time application of Tilt 250 EC and Artea 330 EC fungicides is the most effective in controlling barley leaf rust and net blotch diseases at the time of disease appearance.
Abstract: Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most important staple food crops in the highlands of Ethiopia. However, the production and productivity of barley are constrained by various a biotic and biotic stresses. Among the biotic stresses, barley net blotch and leaf rust are the most destructive diseases of barley. The field experiment was conducte...
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pH-Thermosensitive Oral Hydrogels Containing Phenobarbital for a Potiential Pediatric Use
Alphonse Rodrigue Djiboune,
Nicolas Anton,
Sidy Mouhamed Dieng,
Papa Mady Sy,
Louis Augustin Diaga Diouf,
Gora Mbaye,
Mamadou Soumboundou,
Nadia Messaddeq,
Said Ennahar,
Thierry François Vandamme,
Mounibe Diarra
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
43-51
Received:
22 September 2020
Accepted:
10 October 2020
Published:
16 October 2020
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop a pH-thermosensitive oral chitosan-based hydrogels, able to release phenobarbital in the small intestine of the newborn. Phenobarbital is an active drug used in neonatal treatment of epilepsy. pH-thermosensitive hydrogels will improve its bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency with less side effects. This study allowed us to understand the free energy variation at the interface between chitosan chains themselves and the surrounding available molecules with its interactions behavour. Indeed, inverted tube method was used to prepare hydrogels containing 2.45 and 2.55% of chitosan, eudragitE100 and phenobarbital at 37+/-1°C via sol-gel transition. The characterization of their morphology was done by using XL SIRION 200 FEG SEM. In addition, conductivity, refractive index and density’s values were determinated. The phenobarbital release mechanism from hydrogels at different pH values, simulating the gastrointestinal tract of the newborn was also studed. UV / visible spectrophotometer SHIMADZU from the UV-2400PC series was used to determine the phenobarbital released amount as a function of time. The results showed that sol-gel transition time decreases when the chitosan concentration increases. In addition, it showed that the hydrogels structure was heterogeneous and the phenobarbital released amount were more important at pH simulating the small intestine at 2.45% of chitosan, final solution’s pH6.85 and with the presence of eudragitE100. These results were confirmed by conductivity’s values. The sols and hydrogels had a comparable refractive index and density’s values. The Korsmeyer-Peppas model was used to fit the phenobarbital release profiles. In short, the hydrogels formulated lend themselves to a phenobarbital pulsatile release usable in the newborn. The phenobarbital release profiles fitting makes possible to predict the phenobarbital amounts, which will be released at the action sites according to the need.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop a pH-thermosensitive oral chitosan-based hydrogels, able to release phenobarbital in the small intestine of the newborn. Phenobarbital is an active drug used in neonatal treatment of epilepsy. pH-thermosensitive hydrogels will improve its bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency with less side effects. Thi...
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pH-sensitive Pickering Emulsion Stabilized by Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles: Stability and Controlled Release Study
Papa Mady Sy,
Louis Augustin Diaga Diouf,
Alphonse Rodrigue Djiboune,
Sidy Mouhamed Dieng,
Mamadou Soumboundou,
Cecile Diop,
Toro Diop,
Gora Mbaye,
Mamadou Mbodj,
Mounibe Diarra
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
52-59
Received:
21 October 2020
Accepted:
7 November 2020
Published:
19 November 2020
Abstract: This study investigates the formulation of surfactant-free Pickering emulsions that release a drug at a specific pH to improve its oral bioavailability. The stabilizing nanoparticles composed of hydroxyapatite were obtained by a process of nanoprecipitation. Pickering oil-in-water emulsions stabilized with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and encapsulating a hydrophobic drug model (ibuprofen) were formulated using a high-energy process with rotor-stator turbo mixer (IKA® T25 digital ultra-Turrax). The experimental approach explored the impact of all formulation parameters, dispersed phase and amount of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the physicochemical properties of Pickering emulsions. The system was characterized by a methylene blue test, pH and conductivity measurements, and droplet size determination. In addition, Pickering emulsions stabilized by hydroxyapatite nanoparticles have the advantage of being destabilized in acidic medium leading to the release of the active principle via the droplets. The acidic medium release study (pH equal to 1.2) showed ibuprofen release as a function of initial droplet loading and saturation concentration. In the simulated intestinal medium at pH equal to 6.8, we found a better release of ibuprofen from emulsions that already had saturation in an acid medium. Thus, the interest of these Pickering emulsions lies on the fact that their non-toxicity and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles have advantage of being biocompatible because having the same mineral composition as bones and teeth. In addition, they allow destabilization of the emulsions and release of the drug. These emulsions not only protect patients from the side effects of acid-based drugs, but also contribute to increase the bioavailability of these acidic drugs.
Abstract: This study investigates the formulation of surfactant-free Pickering emulsions that release a drug at a specific pH to improve its oral bioavailability. The stabilizing nanoparticles composed of hydroxyapatite were obtained by a process of nanoprecipitation. Pickering oil-in-water emulsions stabilized with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and encapsula...
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Basic Quantum Field Model of the Self-Organization of Microtubules in Eukaryotic Cells
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
60-75
Received:
31 August 2020
Accepted:
13 October 2020
Published:
23 November 2020
Abstract: The background of this contribution is the ongoing extended debate over quantum effects in the biology since decades. Typical examples of the quantum biology are photosynthesis, enzymatic activities, bird navigation and especially the coherent movement of microtubules. The reason for all these effects is dominantly the quantum coherence of waves. The objective of this contribution is the quantum description of the instability dynamics of microtubules at their assembly and disassembly phases during the interphase. The corresponding theoretical investigations of this article confirm the existence of quantum coherence of microtubules. Experimental results assert such vibrations of microtubules by the observation of γ-waves in the human brain generated by bundles of microtubules. Tubulin subunits and the accessory proteins are of nano size; therefore, they are modeled as field quanta in the framework of non-relativistic quantum field theory. This approach describes the dynamics of these quantum particles and their interactions, by accentuation of their different performances as coherent or incoherent waves. The achieved results strongly depend from the preconditions: whether the fluctuating forces are turned on or turned off. With the inset of fluctuations, the quantum coherence is destroyed, and only incoherent particle solutions are obeyed. Without the impact of fluctuations wave solutions dominate. Another type of wave solution are coherent wave packets which are counter-running, where their superposition can extinct or enhance them. This kind of interfering coherent solutions is applied on the polymerization of protofilaments. The calculations of this contribution demonstrate that the quantum coherence can be only observed when fluctuations are excluded. The conclusion is that that dedicated biological processes must be able to suppress the destroying influences of the local environment. In contrary to technical-based experiments, where coherence is only obtained when the fluctuations are deliberately excluded (e.g. quantum computer). Therefore, the answer why the processes of quantum biology can generate quantum coherence at least in case of microtubules is actually not answered. Kinesins in combination with microtubules are fundamental for cellular functions and morphogenesis. Recent genetic experiments uncovered their role for tumor suppression and developmental patterning. However, these findings which open exciting new areas of kinesin research are not included in this contribution, because the description of the kinesin-microtubule system is to comprehensive for one article.
Abstract: The background of this contribution is the ongoing extended debate over quantum effects in the biology since decades. Typical examples of the quantum biology are photosynthesis, enzymatic activities, bird navigation and especially the coherent movement of microtubules. The reason for all these effects is dominantly the quantum coherence of waves. T...
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Determination of Endogenous Radioresistance Biomarkers on HeLa Cells
Mamadou Soumboundou,
Marie Thérèse Aloy,
Macoura Gadji,
Celine Malesys,
Gora Mbaye,
Ahmadou Dem,
Mounibe Diarra,
Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
76-81
Received:
18 October 2019
Accepted:
27 November 2019
Published:
28 December 2020
Abstract: The Genes such as carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been suggested as hypoxic biomarkers in cancer. Indeed, these endogenous biomarkers have been shown to have stronger prognostic value response after treatment by irradiation. However, inconsistent results suggest that factors other than oxygen influence their expression. This present study deciphers the level of expression of different radioresistance biomarkers in both normoxia and hypoxia conditions followed by irradiation of human ovarian tumor cell lines (uterine cervix squamous cell carcinoma (HeLa). HeLa cells were submitted to hypoxia (1% O2) conditions in a Thermo Scientific Heracell i CO2 incubator. The cells were subjected to two doses 4-10 Gy irradiation and re-incubate in their starting conditions for 4 hours, then fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 min. Protein expressions were assessed by immunocytochemistry staining and fluorescent images were captured by a Axio Imager Z1 fluorescence microscope with oil immersion lens at 63× magnification. In normoxia conditions there was no modification of the level of expression of the CAIX after irradiation. However, an increasing expression level of VEGF was noted. The level of expression of HIF-1 in normoxia was low compared to the other two proteins (CAIX and VEGF). Hypoxia conditions at 2% resulted in a low expression of CAIX and VEGF before and after irradiation at 10 Gy in HeLa cells. HIF-1 had a maximum expression level compared to CAIX and VEGF at 2% oxygen after irradiation in HeLa cells. As tumor hypoxia occurs in a deprived microenvironment, other environmental factors such as irradiation might interact with the effect of low oxygen concentration on gene expression. This study shows that irradiation of HeLa cells has a profound influence on the oxygen dependent induction of certain endogenous hypoxic markers as HIF-1, CAIX, and VEGF.
Abstract: The Genes such as carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been suggested as hypoxic biomarkers in cancer. Indeed, these endogenous biomarkers have been shown to have stronger prognostic value response after treatment by irradiation. However, inconsistent results suggest tha...
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