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Early Sexual Initiation and Associated Factors among Debre Markos University Students, North West Ethiopia
Getachew Mullu Kassa,
Girmay Tsegay,
Nurilign Abebe,
Woldie Bogale,
Teferi Tadesse,
Desalegne Amare,
Girma Alem
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
80-85
Received:
22 July 2015
Accepted:
25 July 2015
Published:
1 August 2015
Abstract: Background: Sexual activities during adolescence have been characterized as dynamic and constantly changing, and it has an impact on reproductive life of young peoples, which is related to the increased susceptibility to HIV transmission, unwanted pregnancy and its complications when the sexual activities are unprotected. So, the objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of early sexual initiation and its associated factors among Debre Markos University students, North West Ethiopia, 2014. Methods: Institution based cross sectional study design was conducted among 273 Debre Markos university students. Study participants were selected by stratified sampling technique and self- administrated questionnaire was distributed to collect information. EpiData version 3.1 was used for data entry and SPSS version 16 was used for analysis. To identify factors associated with sexual initiation, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression with 95 % Confidence interval was used. Results: From 260 respondents, 116(44.6%) had sex prior to the data collection period, while 144(55.4%) had never had sexual intercourse. Almost two third (64.7%) of respondents start sexual intercourse during the age range of 16-19 years old. The mean and standard deviation for the age at first sex was 18.28 and 2.04 years respectively. Factors which were significantly associated with early sexual initiation (< 18 years old) were; being female (AOR=5.7, 95%CI=1.16-27.72), lack of discussion on sexual and reproductive health issues (SRH) with their mother (AOR=, 95%CI= 1.23-41.5) and cigarrate smoking (AOR=7, 95%CI=1.06-46.92). Conclusions: Early sexual initiation was high. Factors which were associated with early sexual initiation were being female, lack of discussion on SRH with mother and cigarrate smoking. So, awareness creation for both male and female young peoples through the use of religious leaders, school teachers and parents on sexual and reproductive health issues is important. Young peoples should be encouraged to discuss with their parents on SRH through the use of reproductive health centers and emphasis should also be given for adolescents who use drugs like cigarrate smoking.
Abstract: Background: Sexual activities during adolescence have been characterized as dynamic and constantly changing, and it has an impact on reproductive life of young peoples, which is related to the increased susceptibility to HIV transmission, unwanted pregnancy and its complications when the sexual activities are unprotected. So, the objective of this ...
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Magnitude and Determinants of Self-Referral of Patients at a General Hospital, Western Ethiopia
Wolkite Olani Abdi,
Waju Beyene Salgedo,
Gebeyehu Tsega Nebeb
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
86-92
Received:
1 August 2015
Accepted:
10 August 2015
Published:
19 August 2015
Abstract: Background. Self-referrals may cause the primary level health care to be under-utilized and hospitals over used, congested and overburdened, leading to an escalation of health care costs. Large patient load in referral hospitals causes human and physical resources to be stretched to capacity, which results in compromising the quality of care they provide to patients. The aforementioned problem is well observed in the study area but the phenomenon has not been formally studied. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and determinants of self-referral of patient to the secondary referral level. Method and materials: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted from April 16-30, 2014. Four hundred twenty two patients were selected using systematic sampling technique. Data was collected using structured and pre-tested questionnaire. Six data collectors and one supervisor collected the data. Data was analyzed using SPSS for window version 20 computer software. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used to measure the association of variables at 95 percent confidence interval and p-value of <0.05. Ethical clearance was obtained from the ethics committee of the college of Health sciences, Jimma University, in Ethiopia. Result: A total of 422 patients responded to the interview making the response rate 99.8%. Three hundred forty six (82%) of the participants were self-referred among which 218(63.0%) were females. Three hundred and twenty two (93%) of the self-referred patients bypassed the first rung in the referral ladder despite knowledge of the closer health facility as their first level of care. Those who obtained information on the referral system from health workers were 3.5 times less likely to self refer themselves to the general referral study Hospital. Conclusions: Obtaining laboratory test, availability of drugs at closer health facility, knowing the closer health facility is first referral level and obtaining health education on referral systems from health worker were found to be significantly associated with self-referral to Nekemte General Hospital. Thus it is recommended that the healthcare leaders should strive to ensure better availability of drug supply and laboratory tests at local health centers and health care providers should work hard to make their community aware of the referral system to get efficient and effective service at a closer heath facility.
Abstract: Background. Self-referrals may cause the primary level health care to be under-utilized and hospitals over used, congested and overburdened, leading to an escalation of health care costs. Large patient load in referral hospitals causes human and physical resources to be stretched to capacity, which results in compromising the quality of care they p...
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Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma During Etanercept Therapy in a Patient with Psoriatic Arthritis
Ilker Ilhanli,
Necip Guder
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
93-95
Received:
13 August 2015
Accepted:
24 August 2015
Published:
2 September 2015
Abstract: Potential for developing malignancies with Tumor necrosis alpha blockers (Anti-TNFα) in romatologic diseases is an important question in our minds, contrary to the proved efficacy of them. To our knowledge, yet no case report has been established about papillary thyroid carcinoma during etanercept therapy for psoriatic arthritis. Here we reported a patient who was diagnosed as papillary thyroid carcinoma while she was using etanercept for psoriatic arthritis. She had medical history for familial trait of carcinoma. Radioactive iodine therapy was administered after the surgery. We preferred to stop etanercept therapy and there was no increase in clinical and laboratory disease activity.
Abstract: Potential for developing malignancies with Tumor necrosis alpha blockers (Anti-TNFα) in romatologic diseases is an important question in our minds, contrary to the proved efficacy of them. To our knowledge, yet no case report has been established about papillary thyroid carcinoma during etanercept therapy for psoriatic arthritis. Here we reported a...
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Fibular Hemimelia and Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula in Anewborn in Fallujah General Hospital: A Case Report
Samira T. Abdulghani Alaani,
Abdulqadir Abdulkareem Alrawi
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
96-98
Received:
13 August 2015
Accepted:
25 August 2015
Published:
3 September 2015
Abstract: Fibular hemimelia is the congenital absence of the fibula and is the most common congenital absence of long bone of the extrimities. It is arare disorder, it may occur as isolated anomaly or as apart of malformation syndrome. The case was reported because it was the 1st diagnosed and documented case in our hospital and because of the rare association with tracheoesophageal Fistula. Case report: Bilateral fibular hemimelia was reported in male newborn in Fallujah general hospital. Both fibulae were totally absent& the tibiae showed anterior bowing, both feet showed marked equinovalgus deformity. The bone defect was associated with tracheoesophageal fistula.Conclusion: Our case was considered rare because of it's association with trachea-esophageal fistula, It passed undiagnosed prenataly because there was no antenatal care. Effective plans should be put to raise awareness of the importance and the seriousness of antenatal care and improve facilities of early prenatal detection of congenital anomailies and to follow strict registration system of these anomalies.
Abstract: Fibular hemimelia is the congenital absence of the fibula and is the most common congenital absence of long bone of the extrimities. It is arare disorder, it may occur as isolated anomaly or as apart of malformation syndrome. The case was reported because it was the 1st diagnosed and documented case in our hospital and because of the rare associati...
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Clinical Correlations Between Cesium, Cobalt, Manganese, Rubidium and Rhenium with the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
99-108
Received:
11 August 2015
Accepted:
19 August 2015
Published:
6 September 2015
Abstract: Background and Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most common inflammatory diseases. Studies indicated that increased oxidative stress or defective antioxidant status with inflammation contribute to the pathogenesis of disease. This study was emphasized that levels of some trace elements altered due to oxidative stress and inflammatory process which are associated with the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. This study was aimed to assess the serum levels of cesium, cobalt, manganese, rubidium and rhenium in patients group as compared with the control group and investigate the effect of other confounding factors like rheumatoid factor, age, gender and finally estimate the correlation between studied parameters. It was hypothesized that there were an alteration in levels of parameters due to oxidative stress and inflammatory process which are associated with the etiology and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Method: This case control study conducted on 56 Iraqi patients of both genders 30 men and 26 women with the average age (40-57) years and 56 of age –gender matched apparently healthy adults were also enrolled in this study as a control group. The patients were free from any diseases except rheumatoid arthritis and this was confirmed by clinical examination and biochemical and hematological tests. Levels of parameters were estimated using atomic absorption spectrophotometers. Results: There were no significant differences between RF positive and negative groups regarding the studied parameters. There were a significant reduction in cesium and rubidium and a significant elevations in cobalt, manganese and rhenium in patients as compared with the control group. There were no significant differences between rheumatoid factor positive and negative groups regarding focused parameters in men and women groups, except for age factor in women group, there were no significant differences between different age categories in rheumatoid factor positive and negative regarding focused parameters. In addition, there was no significant correlation among studied parameters. Conclusion: Levels of parameters were significantly altered in patients group. These alterations proved the possible association with pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, the estimation of these parameters could be a useful complementary non-invasive diagnostic tool to determine trace elements status for treatment and diagnosis of disease. These variations are probably responsive to oxidative stress concomitant with inflammation induced by cytokines and resulted from defensive mechanism of patients. Inflammatory mediators affect on trace elements homeostasis in rheumatoid arthritis.
Abstract: Background and Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most common inflammatory diseases. Studies indicated that increased oxidative stress or defective antioxidant status with inflammation contribute to the pathogenesis of disease. This study was emphasized that levels of some trace elements altered due to oxidative stress and inflammatory ...
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Patients' Satisfaction and Associated Factors Among Outpatient Department at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Hospital, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study
Getu Gamo Sagaro,
Alemayehu Worku Yalew,
Mengistu Meskele Koyira
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
109-116
Received:
24 August 2015
Accepted:
6 September 2015
Published:
24 September 2015
Abstract: Background: Asking patients what they think about the care and treatment they have received is an important step towards improving the quality of care, and to ensuring that local health services are meeting patients’ needs and expectations. Therefore, identifying factors affecting patient satisfaction at local level is a paramount importance to plan and monitor the utilization of health care services. This study aimed to measure level of satisfaction and associated factors among patients receiving health services in outpatient departments at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. Method: Facility based cross sectional study was conducted from February 1 - 28, 2015 on 421 health care service users using systematic random sampling technique. Data was collected using interviewer administrated pre-tested structured questionnaire and entered into EPI Info version 3.5.1 and then exported and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Variables having p < 0.2 at bi-variate analysis were fitted to multivariate analysis. OR, P-value and 95% CI were computed to show the association of variables (p < 0.05). Result: Among the total sample size (n = 421) four hundred fifteen adult patients were exit interviewed, giving a response rate of 98.6%, of which 211 (50.8) were medicine clinic. Overall patient satisfaction with the health care service provided at OPD clinics of the hospital was 54.2% at 95% CI (49.4% - 59%).The respondents who perceived medium empathy by the provider were found to be more satisfied as compared those who were perceived low empathy (AOR : 2.39(1.32-4.33). Moreover, respondents who reported that the waiting area was clean were more satisfied as compared to those who reported waiting area not clean (AOR: 2.53(1.44-4.47). In addition, respondents waited less than or equal to 30 minutes in waiting area preceding consultation were to be more satisfied than those who were waited 60 minutes and above (AOR: 3.16(1.37-7.25).Conclusion: The overall satisfaction of outpatient health care services provided at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Hospital was low. Hospital managements and service providers should give attention to reduce waiting time, ensure good interactions with patients, improve drug availability and maintain privacy of patients in order to improve the level of satisfaction of patients.
Abstract: Background: Asking patients what they think about the care and treatment they have received is an important step towards improving the quality of care, and to ensuring that local health services are meeting patients’ needs and expectations. Therefore, identifying factors affecting patient satisfaction at local level is a paramount importance to pla...
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