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Research Article
Hepatitis B Prevalence and Risk Factors in Chronic Liver Disease Patients at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Sidama Region, Ethiopia
Bezaye Lemma Deregasso,
Robel Habtamu Ababiya*,
Rediet Ajebu Nurfeta,
Tsion Habtamu Ababiya,
Lijalem Abera Tema,
Bemnet Gossaye Teka,
Selamawit Seifu Hailu,
Dereje Kebede Shane
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
1-8
Received:
22 November 2023
Accepted:
22 December 2023
Published:
8 January 2024
Abstract: Background: Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a progressive deterioration of liver functions for more than six months, which includes the synthesis of clotting factors, and other proteins, detoxification of harmful products of metabolism, and excretion of bile. Viral hepatitis is one of the main causes of CLD. Objective: The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of hepatitis B infection among patients visiting the medical referral clinic at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Sidama region, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients attending a medical referral clinic at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Sidama region, Ethiopia during the study period from October 2019 to August 2021 by reviewing the medical cards of 329 patients. The collected data was analyzed by data software and outcomes are presented by tables, figures, and statements. Result: A total of 195 adult patients with a sign and symptoms of CLD were included in this study. Of these 143 (73.3%) male and 52 (26.7%) female participated in the study. The mean age of the participant was 33.5 years (SD ±12) most of the patients were in the 26-35 age range. The majority 57% of the study participants were rural residents. Considering marital status 66.7% of the study participants were married. The most common cause of chronic liver disease is caused by chronic HBV (79.5%) followed by Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis (5.6%) with positive HBsAg 0% and 3% respectively. Among 195 chronic liver disease patients, 143 (73.3%) were male and 21 (62.1%) were positive for HBsAg which were statistically significant with (COR 2.9 and 95% CI 1.4-6.). Of those who were Child-Pugh Class A (113) were positive for HBsAg 103 (52.8) (COR, 5.5; 95% CI, 2.2–14; P-Value 0.0001) and compensated patient where (COR, 8; 95% CI, 3.5–19; P-Value 0.0001) for which both are statically significant. Risk factors associated with HBV among chronic liver disease the following were significantly associated with hospital admission (COR, 53.4; 95% CI, 1.5–8; P-Value 0.002) and blood transfusion (COR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.1–0.5; P-Value 0.0001). Conclusions: The present study has shown that HBV (79.5%) was highly prevalent among patients with chronic liver disease. Screening all possible close contacts (relatives) of patients with HBV and giving immunization to this group and if possible giving public immunization of HBV is recommended to halt HBV infection. Most patients in this study group are compensated 57.4% and Child Class A 59.5% which gives time to implement treatment to decrease disease progression to the worsen. and this study will give insight into availing appropriate medication for treatment
Abstract: Background: Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a progressive deterioration of liver functions for more than six months, which includes the synthesis of clotting factors, and other proteins, detoxification of harmful products of metabolism, and excretion of bile. Viral hepatitis is one of the main causes of CLD. Objective: The main objective of this stu...
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Case Report
Kyphoplasty Cement Embolization and Successful Cement Retrieval from Tricuspid Valve Entrapment
Todd Boscarello*,
Robby Boparai,
Maximillian Whooley,
Zoe Anderson,
Ben Bosse,
Karthik Raghuram,
Alexander Vogel
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
9-15
Received:
3 January 2024
Accepted:
16 January 2024
Published:
1 February 2024
Abstract: This case report details successful percutaneous management of cement embolization, a known complication of kyphoplasty, in a 60-year-old female with osteoporotic compression fractures undergoing T7 and T8 vertebral augmentation. Kyphoplasty, a procedure involving the injection of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cement into the vertebral body, can result in cement leakage with the potential for serious negative outcomes, including pulmonary embolism. In this patient, post-procedure imaging revealed cement extravasation extending into paravertebral veins with embolization terminating in the right ventricle. Traditional treatment options for cement emboli include anticoagulant therapy or operative embolectomy, both of which are either limited in their efficacy, or have significant added risk that must be weighed. However, this report demonstrates the successful use of a percutaneous cement retrieval approach as a viable option for cement retrieval. With retrieval success and the development of an asymptomatic pulmonary embolism, this approach to treatment proved effective in managing the patient's condition without the need for more invasive surgical interventions. This case adds to the current body of literature on cement extravasation in vertebral augmentation procedures, highlighting the importance of careful procedural planning, real-time monitoring, and prompt response to complications. Also, we highlight the use of newer interventional tools that can make cement retrieval more effective.
Abstract: This case report details successful percutaneous management of cement embolization, a known complication of kyphoplasty, in a 60-year-old female with osteoporotic compression fractures undergoing T7 and T8 vertebral augmentation. Kyphoplasty, a procedure involving the injection of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cement into the vertebral body, can r...
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Research Article
New Directions, New Perspectives, and New Pathways in the Development of Subspecialties in General Medicine
Shi Yanli,
Chao Liu,
Lu Xiuli*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, March 2024
Pages:
16-20
Received:
19 January 2024
Accepted:
1 February 2024
Published:
28 February 2024
Abstract: Research Background: General medicine integrates content from clinical medicine, rehabilitation medicine, and social humanities. In the field of clinical medicine, its horizontal scope encompasses internal medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, emergency medicine, and other related disciplines. Research Objectives: The subspecialty development of general medicine aims to establish a specialized field with distinctive features based on the foundation of general medicine. It provides an explanation for the in-depth development and research in general medicine. This approach makes it easier to retain and attract outstanding talents, fully unleashing the interests of general practitioners. The development of subspecialties in general medicine aligns with the practical needs of China's primary healthcare institutions. It seeks to break the deadlock of general medicine being broad but not precise, addressing issues such as reducing patient medical expenses, improving patient satisfaction, and truly solving difficulties in seeking medical care. This allows large specialized hospitals to focus on researching tumor diseases and various specialized surgical procedures, thereby enhancing the diagnosis and treatment rates of tumors and rare diseases. Research Results: With the progress and practical experiences in society, the development of subspecialties in general medicine is set to become a goal, a new direction, a new perspective, and a new pathway for the global development of primary healthcare institutions. Research Conclusions: Cultivating doctors with expertise in subspecialties of general medicine for grassroots healthcare is essential to address the spectrum of specialized diseases, truly embodying a patient-centric approach and ensuring tangible benefits for patients. Currently, the development of subspecialties in general medicine is still in the exploration stage.
Abstract: Research Background: General medicine integrates content from clinical medicine, rehabilitation medicine, and social humanities. In the field of clinical medicine, its horizontal scope encompasses internal medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, emergency medicine, and other related disciplines. Research Objectives: The subspecial...
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