Analysis of Relationship between Salinity and Top-Dying Diseases of Sundri Trees in Sundarbans, Bangladesh
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
29-40
Received:
1 August 2014
Accepted:
23 August 2014
Published:
10 September 2014
Abstract: At the advent of British rule in 1765, the Sundarbans forests were double their present size (Seidensticker, and Hai, 1983; Khan, 1997). Sundarbans mangroves in Asia including Bangladesh, India, and East Africa previously contained a much fuller range of species (Seidensticker, and Hai, 1983; Khan, 1997). In the Southeast Asian region, species diversity of mangroves was previously much higher (Ellison, 1998, 2000). Although, a particular class of men made a profession of collection of wood, fish, Golpata, Goran, natural beauty, oil, honey, and wax in Sundarbans (Awal, 2007), but it is facing tremendous problems (Awal, 207, 2009, 2014). But, it is now under serious threatened through human destruction, and by ecological pollution (Awal, 2007). The cause of this dieback is still not well understood unknown. The present work has investigated one of the possible factors that might be causing this top-dying, namely the concentrations of various chemical elements present in the sediments, particularly Salinity (Na), Exchangeable K, heavy metals, though other chemical parameters such as the pH, salinity, moisture content of the sediment and nutrient status were also assessed. (Awal, 2007). Na has no relationship with the amount of top-dying of Sundri trees in Sundarbans. However, a serious killer disease (top dying) of H. fomes in Sundarbans is affecting millions of the trees (Awal, 2007). The loss of H. fomes will have a major impact on the Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem, as well as lead to economic losses. A questionnaire survey was conducted among different groups of people inside and outside of Sundarbans to explore local perceptions as to the possible causes of top dying. This confirmed the increase in top-dying prevalence (Awal, 2007). Most of the elements including Salinity of soil and water studied had no significant correlation with the top dying of Heritiera fomes. However, Sn, Exchangeable K, and soil pH were significantly related, and three elements, namely Pb, Zn, Ni, were also close to significance. Sn concentration is negatively associated with top dying. Soil pH varied significantly in the different plots. Exchangeable K was positively associated with the tree diameter whether the top dying was severe or mild.
Abstract: At the advent of British rule in 1765, the Sundarbans forests were double their present size (Seidensticker, and Hai, 1983; Khan, 1997). Sundarbans mangroves in Asia including Bangladesh, India, and East Africa previously contained a much fuller range of species (Seidensticker, and Hai, 1983; Khan, 1997). In the Southeast Asian region, species dive...
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Determination of Some Volatile Compounds in Fruit Spirits Produced from Grapes (Vitis Vinifera L.) and Plums (Prunus domestica L.) Cultivars
Vesna Kostik,
Biljana Gjorgeska,
Bistra Angelovska,
Ivona Kovacevska
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
41-46
Received:
6 September 2014
Accepted:
17 September 2014
Published:
30 September 2014
Abstract: Fruit spirits contain a large array of volatile compounds among which the important role from toxicological aspect besides ethanol has methanol, aliphatic esters and fusel alcohols. This study evaluates the content of ethanol, ethyl acetate, methanol, isopropyl alcohol (2-propanol), n-propyl alcohol (propan-l-ol), isobutyl alcohol (2-methylpropan-1-ol), n-butyl alcohol (1-butanol), isoamyl alcohol (3-methyl-1-butanol) and n-amyl alcohol (pentan-1-ol) in different grapes and plum brandies industrially produced at Republic of Macedonia. Gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection (FID) was applied for the characterization of all investigated volatile compounds. The obtained results revealed that the highest methanol content was present in the samples of plum brandy, which is mainly due to the higher content of pectin in the raw material. The most important higher alcohols of grape and plum brandies were found to be: n-propyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol and isoamyl alcohol. In all the analyzed samples of grape and plum brandies, the most abundant was isoamyl alcohol which content ranged from 50.3 to 290.7 mg/100 mL a.a. Comparing the results with the data from the literature, it can be concluded that the concentrations of all investigated volatile compounds in the samples of grape and plum brandies are commonly acceptable.
Abstract: Fruit spirits contain a large array of volatile compounds among which the important role from toxicological aspect besides ethanol has methanol, aliphatic esters and fusel alcohols. This study evaluates the content of ethanol, ethyl acetate, methanol, isopropyl alcohol (2-propanol), n-propyl alcohol (propan-l-ol), isobutyl alcohol (2-methylpropan-1...
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