Determination of Isotopic Abundance of 13C/12C or 2H/1H and 18O/16O in Biofield Energy Treated 1-Chloro-3-Nitrobenzene (3-CNB) Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi,
Alice Branton,
Dahryn Trivedi,
Gopal Nayak,
Parthasarathi Panda,
Snehasis Jana
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, July 2016
Pages:
42-51
Received:
10 May 2016
Accepted:
25 June 2016
Published:
23 July 2016
Abstract: 1-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene (3-CNB) is an aromatic halo-amine compound used as chemical intermediate for the production of several fine chemicals like pharmaceuticals, dyes, agricultural chemicals, etc. The stable isotope ratio analysis has drawn attention in numerous fields such as agricultural, food authenticity, biochemistry, etc. The objective of the current research was to investigate the impact of the biofield energy treatment on the isotopic abundance ratios of PM+1/PM, PM+2/PM and PM+3/PM in 3-CNB using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The sample, 3-CNB was divided into two parts - one part was denoted as control and another part was referred as biofield energy treated sample that was treated with biofield energy (The Trivedi Effect®). T1, T2, T3, and T4 were represented to different time interval analysis of the biofield treated 3-CNB. The GC-MS spectra of the both control and biofield treated 3-CNB indicated the presence of molecular ion peak [M+] at m/z 157 (calculated 156.99 for C6H4ClNO2) along with same pattern of fragmentation. The relative intensities of the parent molecule and other fragmented ions of the biofield treated 3-CNB were improved as compared to the control 3-CNB. The percentage change of the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM was significantly increased in the biofield treated 3-CNB at T1, T2 and T3 by 11.62, 18.50, and 29.82%, respectively with respect to the control 3-CNB. Accordingly, the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+2/PM in the biofield treated 3-CNB at T2 and T3 was significantly improved by 15.22 and 35.09%, respectively as compared to the control sample. The isotopic abundance ratios of PM+1/PM and PM+2/PM in the biofield treated 3-CNB at T1 and T4 were changed as compared to the control sample. The percentage change of the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+3/PM was enhanced in the biofield treated 3-CNB at T1, T2, T3, and T4 by 4.67, 18.69, 31.31 and 6.08%, respectively as compared to the control 3-CNB. The isotopic abundance ratios of PM+1/PM, PM+2/PM and PM+3/PM in the biofield treated 3-CNB changed with the time. So, the biofield energy treated 3-CNB might exhibit the altered isotope effects such as altered physicochemical and thermal properties, binding energy, and the rate of the chemical reaction as compared to the control sample. The biofield energy treated 3-CNB might assist in designing for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, dyes, corrosion inhibitors and other several useful industrial chemicals.
Abstract: 1-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene (3-CNB) is an aromatic halo-amine compound used as chemical intermediate for the production of several fine chemicals like pharmaceuticals, dyes, agricultural chemicals, etc. The stable isotope ratio analysis has drawn attention in numerous fields such as agricultural, food authenticity, biochemistry, etc. The objective of t...
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Spectrophotometric Determination of Diazepam in Pharmaceutical Forms by Ion-Pairing with Ferrithiocyanide Complex
Ali Abduh Mutair,
Pulikkal Ajmal Koya,
Niyazi Abdulmawla Sallam Al-Areqi
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, July 2016
Pages:
52-58
Received:
25 June 2016
Accepted:
9 July 2016
Published:
23 July 2016
Abstract: A rapid and validated spectrophotometric method has been developed for determination of Diazepam (DZP) in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method was based on ion-pair association reaction of DZP with ferrithiocyanide complex in acidic medium. The color development was monitored spectrophometrically at the maximum absorption, λmax = 506 nm. The stoichiometry of the ion-pair associate was determined, and the reaction path way was postulated. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of DZP in five marketed brands with three labeled dosages; 2, 5, 10 mg per tablet. The analytical results of the proposed spectrophotometric method were statistically compared with those obtained from standard HPLC procedures used as a reference method. Application of the proposed procedure shows acceptable linearity, precision, repeatability, and reproducibility. The analytical results were in good agreement with the label claims. F-and Student’s t-tests proved that no significant difference regarding both accuracy and precision between the proposed and reference method, and that this spectrophotometric method can be employed for the routine analysis of DZP in bulks as well as in the commercial formulations.
Abstract: A rapid and validated spectrophotometric method has been developed for determination of Diazepam (DZP) in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method was based on ion-pair association reaction of DZP with ferrithiocyanide complex in acidic medium. The color development was monitored spectrophometrically at the maximum absorption, λmax = 506 nm...
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