Factors Associated with Utilization of Insecticide Treated Nets Among Residents of Kamwenge Town Council-Kamwenge District-Uganda
Ikiriza Antony,
Maureen Andinda,
Kamukama Robert,
Mugisa Tony,
Rubaihayo John,
Arseni R. Semana
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
1-6
Received:
20 February 2019
Accepted:
26 March 2019
Published:
18 April 2019
Abstract: Background: Malaria continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. In Uganda, malaria remains the leading cause of morbidity, accounting for 30 to 50 percent of outpatient visits, 15 to 20 percent of admissions, and 9 to 14 percent of inpatient deaths. The first national-wide Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) coverage campaign was launched in 2010 targeted at households with pregnant women and children below 5yrs of age. Objective: To determine the factors associated with utilization of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) among residents of Kamwenge Town Council, Kamwenge District-Western Uganda. Methodology: The study design was cross-sectional in which data were collected using an interviewer administered structured questionnaire and analyzed using Stata version 13. Results: A total of 285 respondents were interviewed of which 39.7% were male. Ownership of ITNs was 60% whereas utilization in the night prior to the study was 54.4%. The factors associated with the ownership of the ITNs included: marital status: married respondents (p=0.05), level of education (p=0.001), knowledge of malaria cause (p=0.033), presence of children under 5 years (p=0.025). The factors associated with the utilization of ITNs included: marital status of the respondents: married respondents (p=0.018), education level (p=0.009), presence of children under five years (p=0.048), knowledge of cause of malaria (p=0.019), having faced challenges in using ITNs (p=0.001), and malaria episode in the last one month (p=0.011). Conclusion: The study concludes that the ownership and utilization of ITNs were low since they were all below the national target of universal coverage. The factors statistically associated with the ownership of the ITNs included: marital status, level of education, knowledge of malaria cause and the number of children under 5 years in a household. The factors statistically associated with the utilization of ITNs were marital status, education level of the respondents, and presence of children under five years of age in the household, having knowledge about malaria, having faced challenges in using ITNs in the past and malaria episode in the last one month.
Abstract: Background: Malaria continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. In Uganda, malaria remains the leading cause of morbidity, accounting for 30 to 50 percent of outpatient visits, 15 to 20 percent of admissions, and 9 to 14 percent of inpatient deaths. The first national-wide Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) covera...
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The Usefulness of the Interpretation of Initial Plain CT Scan in Hospitalized Patients with Acute Pyelonephritis without Obstructive Uropathy
Takehiro Sejima,
Shuichi Morizane,
Katsuya Hikita,
Masashi Honda,
Atsushi Takenaka
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
7-12
Received:
8 February 2019
Accepted:
9 April 2019
Published:
15 May 2019
Abstract: To investigate the association between plain computed tomography (CT) findings and clinical characteristics and to characterize the potential factors affecting the disease outcome in hospitalized patients with acute pyelonephritis (APN) without obstructive uropathy, we reviewed our clinical database retrospectively. Five plain CT scan abnormal kidney findings of perirenal fat stranding, thickening of perirenal fasciae, kidney enlargement, dilation of renal pelvis, and abnormal density of renal parenchyma were elucidated in 70 patients with APN without obstructive uropathy who were hospitalized. The association between CT scan findings and clinical characteristics were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to characterize the potential factors that affect the period until the patient was afebrile using various clinical factors and five defined CT scan findings. Perirenal fat stranding and dilation of renal pelvis were significantly frequent in females and patients with diabetes mellitus. Serum inflammation markers were significantly deteriorated in patients with perirenal fat stranding, thickening of perirenal fasciae and kidney enlargement compared to patients with normal findings. An age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index ≥ 5 and low serum albumin values were significantly associated with a prolonged febrile period. In conclusion, although abnormal plain CT scan findings at diagnosis are associated with some clinical characteristics, the patient’s intrinsic factors are more useful for predicting the disease outcome in hospitalized patients with APN without obstructive uropathy.
Abstract: To investigate the association between plain computed tomography (CT) findings and clinical characteristics and to characterize the potential factors affecting the disease outcome in hospitalized patients with acute pyelonephritis (APN) without obstructive uropathy, we reviewed our clinical database retrospectively. Five plain CT scan abnormal kidn...
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Etiologies of Bacterial Meningitis in Context of Conflict in Central African Rural Areas
Gaspard Tékpa,
Alain Farra,
Eudes Gbangba-Ngaï,
Clotaire Rafaï,
Jean De Dieu Longo,
Fidèle Kitakossi,
Pascal Mbelesso
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
13-17
Received:
11 November 2018
Accepted:
11 May 2019
Published:
11 June 2019
Abstract: Bacterial meningitis is a health problem because of its high frequency and severity. They are endemic and epidemic in the Central African Republic (CAR). The objective of this work was to describe the etiologies of bacterial meningitis in the northern part of the Central African Republic. This was a retrospective descriptive study, conducted at the district hospital in Paoua, covering the period from 1 January 2011 to 30 September 2016. We included in the study, all suspected cases of meningitis (neuro-meningeal and infectious signs) confirmed by isolation of a bacterium from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. An anonymous questionnaire collected sociodemographic and biological data that were entered and analyzed with the Epi Info7 software. We included 274 patients whose median age was six years with extremes of 6 months and 54 years. In 75% of the cases, the patients were under 9.5 years old. There were 156 men (56.93%) giving a sex ratio of 1.32. The prevalence of HIV was 4.74% (13/274). Examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) had a turbid appearance in 80.66%, purulent in 7.66%, clear in 6.57%, hematic in 3.65% and xanthochromic in 1.46%. The bacteriological examination revealed the following main germs S. pneumoniae in 51.82%, 40.15% N. meningitidis, H. influenzae 7.30%. We found a case of E. coli (0.36%) and Streptococcus group B (0.36%). On an evolutionary level, the overall lethality was 14.96%. This lethality rate was 20.42% (29/142) for S. pneumoniae, 30% (6/20) for H. influenzae and 5.45% (6/110) for N. meningitidis. In our study, the main causes of bacterial meningitis were S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis and H. influenzae against which there are effective vaccines. Increasing immunization coverage against these germs may help to reduce the magnitude and severity of these infections.
Abstract: Bacterial meningitis is a health problem because of its high frequency and severity. They are endemic and epidemic in the Central African Republic (CAR). The objective of this work was to describe the etiologies of bacterial meningitis in the northern part of the Central African Republic. This was a retrospective descriptive study, conducted at the...
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