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Purulent Pleurisy of Children: About 42 Cases in Senegal
Idrissa Basse,
Ndiogou Seck,
Lamine Thiam,
Djibril Boiro,
Aliou Abdoulaye Ndongo,
Amadou Sow,
Amadou Lamine Fall,
Moussa Cisse,
Ndieme Ndiaye,
Dina Obambi,
Ndeye Ramatoulaye Diagne Gueye,
Ousmane Ndiaye
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
1-5
Received:
25 November 2020
Accepted:
10 December 2020
Published:
4 January 2021
Abstract: Introduction: Purulent pleurisy refers to the presence in the large pleural cavity of a purulent, cloudy or lemon-yellow liquid, but containing altered polynuclear cells. It is a frequent pathology, the epidemiology of which is constantly changing in Africa and throughout the world. This is why we conducted this study with the aim of updating epidemiological, clinical, bacteriological and therapeutic data. Methods: This is a retrospective, mono-centric, descriptive study including the records of children aged 0 to 15 years old hospitalized during the period from 20 May 2014 to 26 March 2019 at the Children's Hospital of Diamniadio for purulent pleurisy. The data were entered and analyzed using sphinx, Excel under Windows 8 and SPSS software. Results: We counted 42 cases of purulent pleurisy, i.e. a hospital frequency of 0.7%. Most of the patients were aged between 2 and 12 years (48%). The average age at diagnosis was 46 months. The sex ratio was 2.5. Most of the children came from parents with a low socio-economic status (64%); fever was the most frequent reason for consultation (50%), followed by cough (33%) and respiratory difficulty (29%). In all cases, a liquid effusion syndrome was objectively diagnosed (100%), tachycardia in 36% of cases and a pulmonary condensation syndrome in 33% of patients. X-rays showed a predominantly right-sided effusion (62%) which was very abundant in 71% of cases. In bacteriology, staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated germ (75%), followed by streptococcus pneumoniae (20%) and group D streptococcus (5%). Biology showed an average hemoglobin level of 9.2 and there was a predominantly neutrophilic hyperleukocytosis in 98% of cases. All patients had received antibiotic therapy and pleural drainage in 76% of cases. Mortality was 10%. Conclusion: In the light of this work, we insist on the importance of early diagnosis and adequate management of purulent pleurisy in order to avoid complications and after-effects. Thus, antibiotic therapy should be more closely monitored, and its administration better codified to reduce bacterial resistance and germ selection.
Abstract: Introduction: Purulent pleurisy refers to the presence in the large pleural cavity of a purulent, cloudy or lemon-yellow liquid, but containing altered polynuclear cells. It is a frequent pathology, the epidemiology of which is constantly changing in Africa and throughout the world. This is why we conducted this study with the aim of updating epide...
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Malaria Diagnosis and Treatment: Perception of Community Pharmacists in Abuja Metropolis, Nigeria
Emmanuel Peace Chukwuzurum,
Ebenezer Obi Daniel,
Israel Olukayode Popoola,
Paul Olaiya Abiodun,
Ahmed Mamuda Bello,
Kabir Yunusa Amari,
Christie Omolola Adams,
Olayinka Victor Ojo,
Oladapo Michael Olagbegi,
Gabriel Omoniyi Ayeni
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
6-16
Received:
21 January 2021
Accepted:
28 January 2021
Published:
9 February 2021
Abstract: Malaria is a life threatening infectious disease that constitutes a major global public health and economic concern. Consequently, the WHO has recommended a T3 initiative (Test, Treat & Track) to help curb the scourge globally. This study aimed to ascertain the efficacy of malaria diagnosis in malaria case management and perception of community pharmacists on the WHO recommended standard of parasitological diagnosis before commencement of treatment within Abuja metropolis. A descriptive cross sectional study was performed amongst 207 community pharmacists within Abuja Metropolis. Data was obtained through structured, self-administered questionnaire. The association of respondent characteristics with the awareness, practice, and perception of malaria testing, and treatment was evaluated by Chi-square analysis for proportion. Where the number of categories was less than five, Fisher exact test was used. Seventy-two percent (72.9%) were aware of the WHO recommended T3 initiative on malaria case management. However, less than 10% of respondents had training in all the three components. On practice, 28.5% of community pharmacists carry out malaria diagnosis with a confirmatory test before instituting treatment. Ninety-two percent (92.3%) treat malaria based on clinical signs and symptoms only. Despite the high rate of clinical diagnosis, a majority (84.1%) agreed that the confirmatory test is more effective and efficient in malaria case management than clinical diagnosis. Most respondents (60.4%) reported that the confirmatory test most readily available was mRDT. Eighty-seven percent (87%) have good perception on parasitological confirmatory testing for malaria diagnosis and most respondents have confidence in results from the malaria confirmatory test while 68.6% trust their malaria confirmatory test skill. A little above half (52.7%) of the respondents treat for malaria regardless of negative confirmatory test results when the patient insists on treatment. A higher proportion (39%) of male community Pharmacists compared to females carry out malaria diagnosis with a confirmatory test before treatment. There was significant association of perception on the efficacy of a parasitological confirmatory test for malaria with age and work experience and there was significant association of work experience with the practice of confirmatory testing before treatment (P<0.05). Inferentially, this is call to action for government, professional bodies in the health sector and all committed to fight the scourge of malaria for more awareness to the general public on importance of the WHO T3 and capacity strengthening for the frontline health workers – community pharmacy attending to community needs on malaria case management.
Abstract: Malaria is a life threatening infectious disease that constitutes a major global public health and economic concern. Consequently, the WHO has recommended a T3 initiative (Test, Treat & Track) to help curb the scourge globally. This study aimed to ascertain the efficacy of malaria diagnosis in malaria case management and perception of community pha...
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Factors Associated with Incident Cardiovascular Events and Cardiac Risk Assessment in a Cohort of HIV-infected Participants in Rio de Janeiro
Rodrigo Carvalho Moreira,
Mariana Alencar Miranda,
Jessica Muller,
Sandra Wagner Cardoso,
Ronaldo Ismerio Moreira,
Estevao Nunes,
Rosane Griep,
Maria Jesus Fonseca,
Valdilea Veloso,
Beatriz Grinsztejn,
Dora Chor,
Antonio Guilherme Pacheco
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
17-26
Received:
22 January 2021
Accepted:
30 January 2021
Published:
9 February 2021
Abstract: Background: Cardiovascular events (CVEs) have emerged as an important cause of morbimortality in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). We aimed to investigate factors associated with incident CVE and compare the observed incidence with the predicted CVE risk by three different equations. Methods: Among the 649 active participants of the INI-ELSA cohort, we analysed data of 644 individuals free of CVE at baseline examinations. We used Cox regression models to study factors associated with CVE and to assess the equation's performance we compared the observed incidence with the overall 5-year predicted risks. Results: Over a median follow-up of 6.26-years (interquartile range [IQR] 6.01-6.47), there were 18 CVE, four deaths. Overall, 57.92% were male, median age was 43.4 years (35.82-50.73), most were on cART (88.65%). Participants who had CVE were older, had poorer renal function, higher proportion of dyslipidemia and higher levels of systolic blood pressure and triglycerides. The observed CVE rate was 2.90% (1.60-4.90%) whereas their overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk differed depending on which score was used: 0.91 (0.42-20), 1.16 (0.38-2.78) and 1.68 (0.60-3.87), according to Framingham, ASCVD and DAD, respectively. In the multivariable Cox analysis black race, smoking 10+ packs years, dyslipidemia, current CD4 cell count x101, cumulative viral load and time on NNRTI were independent predictors of CVE. Conclusion: Both traditional and HIV-related factors were associated with incident CVE. Risk scores were inconsistent in classifying patients who had CVE as high risk, indicating that validation studies are required to improve risk assessment of PLHA in Brazil.
Abstract: Background: Cardiovascular events (CVEs) have emerged as an important cause of morbimortality in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). We aimed to investigate factors associated with incident CVE and compare the observed incidence with the predicted CVE risk by three different equations. Methods: Among the 649 active participants of the INI-ELSA coho...
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Strategies for the Control of Coronavirus Disease (COVID 19) and Production of Stigma: Case of the Health District of Cocody-Bingerville in Cote D’Ivoire
Kambe Kambe Yves,
Ouattara Kalilou,
Hyda Jules,
Ouattara Amadou
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
27-36
Received:
14 December 2020
Accepted:
28 January 2021
Published:
23 February 2021
Abstract: In the history of the various (re) emerging diseases, it has been noted that the stigma of people tested positive has been produced. These negative attitudes and behaviors have been observed on all continents. Thus, the objective of this study was to establish a link between health response plans for coronavirus disease (covid 19) and the production of stigma. Indeed, declared a "public health emergency of international concern (USPPI)" by the World Health Organization (2020), covid-19 is characterized by a strong and rapid spread. To reduce this diffusion, health response plans have been implemented and supported by extensive communication campaign. However, in Côte d’Ivoire, the analysis of data from a literature review, interviews with 310 people using an electronic questionnaire and an interview guide with four health officials, showed that the different strategies adopted are fueling and reinforcing the fear of this disease and the death that can result from it. As a result, they have led to attitudes that reject and stigmatize positive people and their loved ones. As a result, like previous emerging diseases, covid-19 has achieved the same result in populations. Thus, we consider that the different strategies for responding to emerging diseases contribute in large part to the production of this social reaction, which is a legitimate response based on the survival instinct buried in each individual.
Abstract: In the history of the various (re) emerging diseases, it has been noted that the stigma of people tested positive has been produced. These negative attitudes and behaviors have been observed on all continents. Thus, the objective of this study was to establish a link between health response plans for coronavirus disease (covid 19) and the productio...
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Outcome Comparison Between Tocilizumab Alone Vs Tocilizumab Followed by Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) Group in Critical COVID-19 Disease
Syeda Rida-e-Zehra,
Shamim Kausar,
Anum Latif,
Samar Abbas Jaffri,
Syeda Namayah Fatima Hussain,
Irfan Ahsan,
Muhammad Rafay,
Pirih Bhatti
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
37-40
Received:
23 October 2020
Accepted:
18 January 2021
Published:
27 February 2021
Abstract: Currently, COVID-19 is one of the most pressing healthcare problems across the world. With no definitive pharmacological guidelines, multiple drugs were used to treat critical patients with little success. of Tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody has shown some role in the treatment of Covid-19 infection. The study was a cross-sectional prospective observational study. It was conducted in the COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, and National Medical Centre Karachi. The study was conducted from 15th June 2020 to 31st July 2020. Objective of the study was to compare the outcomes of severe to critical COVID-19 patients with established Cytokine release Syndrome (CRS), who received Tocilizumab with the group received Tocilizumab followed by intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG). Two groups were made with one receiving Tocilizumab alone while the other received IVIG after Tocilizumab. Comparison was then made based on frequency of mortality as well the need of mechanical ventilation and its range of days. In results 4 (15.4%) patients in Tocilizumab only group died while Tocilizumab followed by IVIG treated group had 10 (38.46%) deaths. 20 (76.9%) patients needed mechanical ventilation in Tocilizumab only group while Tocilizumab followed by IVIG treated group consisted of 23 (88.46%) patients. This concludes that the group with only Tocilizumab therapy has better outcome as compare to the group who received both Tocilizumab and intravenous immunoglobulins.
Abstract: Currently, COVID-19 is one of the most pressing healthcare problems across the world. With no definitive pharmacological guidelines, multiple drugs were used to treat critical patients with little success. of Tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody has shown some role in the treatment of Covid-19 infection. The study was a cross-sectional prospective ob...
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The Intervening Effect of Preventive Use of Antibacterials During the Perioperative Period in Orthopedic Department
Hui Liu,
Suishan Qiu,
Qinai Zhu,
Lianfang Xue
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
41-44
Received:
1 February 2021
Accepted:
19 February 2021
Published:
4 March 2021
Abstract: Objective: To assess the effect of orthopedic perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis intervention by clinical pharmacist. Methods: 1467 hospitalized patients in department of orthopedics with perioperative records in eight months in 2019 were chosen. 597 surgical cases before intervention were sampled as the control group, and 870 surgical records were sampled as intervention group. Investigation and analysis were performed in orthopedic perioperative prophylactic antibiotics. Results: Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed increased rationalities and decreased irrationalities in perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. The unreasonable external use of teicoplanin was significantly decreased, and the postoperative prophylaxis duration was significantly shortened. There were no significant difference in the timing of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis between two groups. Conclusions: After interventions for the preventive use of antibacterial drugs in orthopedic perioperative period, the rational use of antibacterial drugs has been significantly improved, the irrational use of drugs has been improved, and the effect of drug treatment has been improved. However, there is still a gap between the rational use of antibacterial drugs. Further strengthen supervision and management.
Abstract: Objective: To assess the effect of orthopedic perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis intervention by clinical pharmacist. Methods: 1467 hospitalized patients in department of orthopedics with perioperative records in eight months in 2019 were chosen. 597 surgical cases before intervention were sampled as the control group, and 870 surgical records we...
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