Comparative Use of RDT and Thick Film Microscopy in the Diagnosis of Malaria in Sub-urban Settlements in Makurdi, Nigeria
Faith Odije Okita,
Elizabeth Uneh Amuta
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, June 2017
Pages:
25-34
Received:
16 January 2017
Accepted:
31 January 2017
Published:
1 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijidt.20170202.11
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Abstract: In as much as accurate diagnosis seems to be the only way of effecting rational therapy, it has been the most neglected area of malaria research. Thick blood film microscopy and Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) was comparatively used to study malaria prevalence in Makurdi, Nigeria. A total of 328 blood samples were collected from consented respondents and analyzed using Blood film examination with Field’s stains A and B staining techniques and Care Start TM rapid diagnostic test (RDT) manufactured by Access Bio Inc, USA to detect the presence of malaria parasites in blood. Questionnaires were used to get demographics of the respondents. Of the 328 participants examined, 164(50.0%) were positive for malaria parasites by light microscopy and 32(9.8%) were positive for malaria by RDT Care Start TM HRP2. The sensitivity and specificity of RDT was found to be 16.5% and 97.0% respectively while the Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) was found to be 84.4% and 53.7% respectively. The females 92(51.7%) and 20(11.2%) were slightly more infected than the males 72(48.0%) and 12(8.0%) using both methods, but result was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Malaria prevalence was higher among those with no formal education and least among those with tertiary education (P>0.05). The prevalence of malaria in respect to location was significantly higher in New GRA by RDT and Chile by light microscopy and least in High level and Agwan Jukum in order of RDT and microscopy (P=0.000). This study revealed that malaria can affect all sexes irrespective of their educational cadre and location. The Care Start TM RDT showed very poor sensitivity in contrast to light microscopy. In as much as light microscopy in poor set ups cannot be used routinely, the RDT has not proven to be a good replacement.
Abstract: In as much as accurate diagnosis seems to be the only way of effecting rational therapy, it has been the most neglected area of malaria research. Thick blood film microscopy and Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) was comparatively used to study malaria prevalence in Makurdi, Nigeria. A total of 328 blood samples were collected from consented respondents a...
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Hospital Acquired Infection in a Tertiary Military Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Zulfiquer Ahmed Amin,
Nazmoon Nahar
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, June 2017
Pages:
35-39
Received:
3 January 2017
Accepted:
6 February 2017
Published:
1 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijidt.20170202.12
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Abstract: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among the surgical patients of all age and sex at Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The data were collected from 5 April 2015 to 12 April 2015 with a view to find out the prevalence of hospital acquired infection (HAI), its risk factors and pattern of organisms responsible. A total of 360 respondents happened to be available in different surgical wards during data collection period and 30 respondents developed HAI, thus a prevalence rate of 8.33% was yielded. The mean age of the respondents was 36.89 years with standard deviation ± 14.54 years. Among the HAI cases, 53.33% were surgical site infections and 50% were caused by Escherichia Coli. The study found that frequency of HAI depended on patients’ performance status: among 40% who required assistance for most activities, who had visitors more than 3 per day (81.3%), who had underlying illness like diabetes mellitus (25%), who had invasive devices (9.5%), who were admitted in ICU (12.9%), who received immunosuppressive therapy (23.5%), who had immunosuppressive conditions (28.1%), who had emergency operation (34.8%), and who had undergone general surgery (19.0%). Findings suggest that association between HAI and number of visitors, admission in ICU, immunosuppressive conditions, use of immunosuppressive therapy, use of invasive devices, and different functional state of patients were statistically significant (p<0.05). Findings of this study suggest that measures need to be taken at increasing awareness of hospital staffs, formulation of policy on use and duration of use of invasive devices, establishing a surveillance system and controlling visitors for effective control of HAI. The researcher suggests further detail study with large sample involving multiple hospitals to get more accurate picture on HAI.
Abstract: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among the surgical patients of all age and sex at Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The data were collected from 5 April 2015 to 12 April 2015 with a view to find out the prevalence of hospital acquired infection (HAI), its risk factors and pattern of organisms responsible. A total o...
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Frequency and Distribution of Viruses Causing Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Among Under-Five Children in Dhaka City
Rashida Akter Khanam,
Md. Nazrul Islam,
Shahina Tabassum,
Ahmed Sharif,
Md. Abdullah Yusuf,
Mohammad Mashudur Rahman
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, June 2017
Pages:
40-43
Received:
31 January 2017
Accepted:
22 February 2017
Published:
9 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijidt.20170202.13
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Abstract: Acute lower respiratory tract infection is a common disease among the under five children. The purpose of the present study was to see the frequency and distribution of viruses causing acute lower respiratory tract infection among under-five children. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Virology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from July 2002 to June 2003 for a period of one year. The children with the age group of below five (5) years presented with the clinical manifestations of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) who were visited or were admitted to Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka were selected as the study population. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected. Viruses were detected by cell line culture and direct immunofluorescence method. The study was carried out among 100 children aged from newborn to 60 months with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI). The highest rate (47.6%) of isolation was obtained among children between 0 to 5 months of age followed by 6 to 12 months of age group (23.80%). There was a significant reduction in the number of cases in older children in 25 to 60 months of age group. Out of 57 patients, 12 were positive for respiratory viruses in the case of a male, while 43 of specimens from a female, 9 were positive. The most common virus isolated from the under-five children was a respiratory syncytial virus which was 20(95.2%). Adenovirus was isolated in only 1(4.8%) case. No other viruses were found in this study. In conclusion, the most common virus isolated from the under-five children is respiratory syncytial virus. Adenovirus is also found.
Abstract: Acute lower respiratory tract infection is a common disease among the under five children. The purpose of the present study was to see the frequency and distribution of viruses causing acute lower respiratory tract infection among under-five children. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Virology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib...
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Case Report: Brucella Parotitis with Abscess Formation and Paradoxical Reaction on Therapy
Mohamed Elkarouri,
Magid A. Mohamed
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, June 2017
Pages:
44-47
Received:
6 February 2017
Accepted:
25 February 2017
Published:
17 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijidt.20170202.14
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Abstract: In this report we describe a patient with sub-acute bacteremic brucellosis complicated by Brucella parotitis with abscess formation as a paradoxical reaction on therapy. A 69 years old male known to have Warthin’s tumor of parotid glands two years before his presentation. He presented with generalized ill-health, body-aches and feeling of further enlargement of his previous swellings at jaw angles for a few weeks. He admitted unpasteurized camels’ milk ingestion. Brucellosis was suspected and proven by a positive blood culture. 10 days after starting anti-brucellosis therapy, he reported back with bilateral parotid abscesses. Patient was diagnosed as sub-acute bacteremic brucellosis with brucella parotitis and abscess formation. The interval enlargement of parotid swellings and abscess formation 10 days after initiation of therapy is explained by paradoxical inflammatory reaction following response to therapy.
Abstract: In this report we describe a patient with sub-acute bacteremic brucellosis complicated by Brucella parotitis with abscess formation as a paradoxical reaction on therapy. A 69 years old male known to have Warthin’s tumor of parotid glands two years before his presentation. He presented with generalized ill-health, body-aches and feeling of further e...
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