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Antibiotic and Antimalarial Selfmedication in Antananarivo, Madagascar
Fandresena Arilala Sendrasoa,
Naina Harinjara Razanakoto,
Irina Mamisoa Ranaivo,
Radonirina Lazasoa Andrianasolo,
Mamy Jean De Dieu Randria,
Rivo Andry Rakotoarivelo
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, December 2016
Pages:
1-5
Received:
28 October 2016
Accepted:
10 November 2016
Published:
12 December 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijidt.20160101.11
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Abstract: In order to assess prevalence and characteristics of antimicrobial self-medication in Antananarivo, Madagascar. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 101 patients in Department of Infectious Disease in the Academic Hospital Center of Antananarivo. Eighty-eight percent of patients had practiced self-medication whose 40% were employees of the primary sector. Antibiotic and antimalarial are used in 48% and 22%, respectively. Chloroquine is the most commonly used antimalarial while chloroquinoresistance is widespread in Madagascar. Amoxicillin was the most widely used antibiotic. The practice of selfmedication is related especially to the development of the illicit sale of drugs in Madagascar.
Abstract: In order to assess prevalence and characteristics of antimicrobial self-medication in Antananarivo, Madagascar. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 101 patients in Department of Infectious Disease in the Academic Hospital Center of Antananarivo. Eighty-eight percent of patients had practiced self-medication whose 40% were employees of the pr...
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Liver Involvement in Leptospirosis
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, December 2016
Pages:
6-12
Received:
30 October 2016
Accepted:
17 November 2016
Published:
21 December 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijidt.20160101.12
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Abstract: Liver involvement is a common feature of leptospirosis. It is variable from mild to severe hepatic dysfunction. Objective: to analyze liver involvement and to assess its prognostic value in leptospirosis. Materials and methods: We performed analysis of 100 consecutive leptospirosis cases treated in Clinic of Infectious Diseases at University Hospital – Pleven (1976-2015)(90 male, mean age 37±18 years, lethal outcome in 13%), followed by comparative analysis of group with liver involvement (n1=71) versus group without liver involvement (n2=29). Results: Fever (100%), hepatomegaly (92%), myalgia (86%), vomiting (84%), splenomegaly (74%), oliguria (69%), jaundice (63%), hypotension (49%), abdominal pain (41%), and hemorrhagic diathesis (37%) were the characteristic manifestations. Headache, myalgia, abdominal pain, oliguria, hemorrhagic diathesis, myocarditis, acute respiratory failure and pancreatitis had had a significantly higher prevalence in the group with liver involvement. Increased levels of total bilirubin (mean 157.8±71.5 µmol/L) with prevalent direct fraction, ASAT (mean 112±18 IU/L), ALAT (mean 96±78 IU/L), hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia were the main laboratory parameters that expressed hepatic dysfunction. Conclusion: The most affected liver functions are bilirubin metabolism and protein synthesis. Liver involvement in leptospirosis is important factor for severity, in combination with acute renal failure has severe course and requires early diagnosis and prompt intensive treatment.
Abstract: Liver involvement is a common feature of leptospirosis. It is variable from mild to severe hepatic dysfunction. Objective: to analyze liver involvement and to assess its prognostic value in leptospirosis. Materials and methods: We performed analysis of 100 consecutive leptospirosis cases treated in Clinic of Infectious Diseases at University Hospit...
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Epidemiological Study of HCV and HIV Infections in Relation to Certain Demographic Factors Among the Ante-Natal Population Within Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria
Chanu Iliyasu,
Auwalu Uba,
Muhammad Yusha’u,
Anthony John Dadah,
Timothy Waje
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, December 2016
Pages:
13-21
Received:
31 October 2016
Accepted:
18 November 2016
Published:
27 December 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijidt.20160101.13
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Abstract: Hepatitis C and HIV are blood borne infections of the human population including pregnant women globally. These Viruses are of global concern because of the significant challenges they pose to public health with over 36.7 million people leaving with HIV around the whole world. This research determined the prevalence of HCV, HIV and HCV-HIV co infection among pregnant women attending ante-natal in selected hospitals within the Kaduna metropolis. A total of 500 samples were collected from pregnant women on ante-natal in 5 different hospitals within the metropolis. One hundred samples were collected from each of the hospitals visited. Each sample was analyzed for HCV and HIV antibodies respectively using commercially available kits. Results analysis revealed prevalence rates of 1.4% for HCV, 5.80% for HIV and 0.40% HCV-HIV co-infection among the subjects. Chi square statistics for test of independence between 2 variables showed significant associations between HCV positivity and history of more than 2 sexual partners (p≤0.01), Age group between 36-40 years (p≤0.02), Unknown gestational age and 4-6 months respectively (p≤0.0002, p≤0.03). These were identified as potential risks for HCV contraction. On the other hand, there was no significant association between any of the demographic factors and HIV positivity which showed that exposure to the HIV causes infection regardless of any demographic factor. There is low prevalence of HCV, high prevalence of HIV and low prevalence of HCV-HIV co-infection among the ante-natal population within the metropolis.
Abstract: Hepatitis C and HIV are blood borne infections of the human population including pregnant women globally. These Viruses are of global concern because of the significant challenges they pose to public health with over 36.7 million people leaving with HIV around the whole world. This research determined the prevalence of HCV, HIV and HCV-HIV co infec...
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Intestinal Parasitic Infections at Tikur Anbessa University Hospital, Ethiopia: A 5-Year Retrospective Study
Alemnesh Tssema,
Berhanu Yitayew,
Taddese Kebede
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, December 2016
Pages:
22-26
Received:
7 September 2016
Accepted:
22 September 2016
Published:
7 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijidt.20160101.14
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Abstract: Background: Intestinal parasitic infections cause serious public health problems in Ethiopia. They are prevalent in populations with low socio-economic status, overcrowding and poor hygiene. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among patients who had attended Tikur Anbessa University Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted using hospital data obtained from the Medical Parasitology unit in Tikur Anbessa University Hospital from April to June 2012. Data was entered, cleaned and analysed using the SPSS, version 16.0. Chi-square test (χ2) was used to identify associations between the variables using p<0.05 as thelevel of significance. Results: Over the five years study period, a total of 4977 patients visiting Tikur Anbessa Hospital were included in the study. The patients mean age was 31.86 (± 14.79) with female to male ratio being 1.2:1. A total of 1718 (34.5%) were positive for at least one intestinal parasite. Mixed infections were found in 123 (2.5%) of the total patients included in this study. Up to 3 parasites were detected in 8 (0.2%) of the patients. E. histolytica trophozoite was the most commonly reported parasite, which was seen in 13.6% of the patients. Isospora belli was the least commonly reported protozoan parasite (0.1%). Among helminths, Ascarislumbricoides was the most prevalent etiology of parasitic infections as reported in 4.4% of the patients. Enterobiusvermicularis was identified only in 0.1%, thus the least common cause of helminths infections. In this study, the intestinal parasitic infections were most prevalent (43%) in patients between 5-14 years of age group. Conclusions and Recommendation: A notable finding from this study is the high prevalence of parasitic infections, with E. histolytica trophozoite as the most commonly reported one, among patients visiting Tikur Anbessa Hospital from 2006 to 2010. Overall, intestinal parasitic infections were more prevalent in patients among 5-14 years of age (43%).
Abstract: Background: Intestinal parasitic infections cause serious public health problems in Ethiopia. They are prevalent in populations with low socio-economic status, overcrowding and poor hygiene. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among patients who had attended Tikur Anbessa University Hospital,...
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